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181 results for “minnows”
Data for: Visualization of the hidden food sources of bass (Micropterus salmoides), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and minnow (Zacco platypus) using 18S rRNA V9 primers on urban Singal Reservoir in Korea
<p>Fish are the most important consumers in aquatic ecosystems, and the analysis of fish prey is very important for understanding their short-term feeding characteristics and the connectivity of food webs. In this study, DNA metabarcoding was used to identify the prey of the native fish species, <em>Zacco platypus</em> (the pale chub) and <em>Carassius carassius</em>, and an introduced species, <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>, in domestic lentic ecosystems. Prey community composition, selectivity index, prey diversity, and trophic level analyses were performed. The prey composition ratio analysis showed that in August 2020, 85.8% of <em>M. salmoides</em>' prey was fish from the orders Cypriniformes and Perciformes, and in July 2021, 100% of <em>M. salmoides</em>' prey was zooplankton from the orders Anomopoda and Calanoida. Zooplankton was the main prey of <em>Z. platypus</em> collected in August 2020 (69.5%) and <em>C. carassius</em> collected in July 2021 (88.9%). The selectivity index analysis showed that the preferred prey of M. salmoides was fish from the order Cypriniformes, the preferred prey of <em>Z. platypus</em> was phytoplankton from the division Bacillariophyta, and the preferred prey of <em>C. carassius</em> was zooplankton from the order Cladocera. For the prey width analysis, <em>C. carassius</em> had the highest BI index value (0.8), followed by <em>Z. platypus</em> (0.29), while <em>M. salmoides</em> had BI index values of 0.09, 0.19, and 0.001, indicating low prey width. These results provide fundamental data on the utility of DNA metabarcoding for dietary studies of major fish species in lentic ecosystems and for analyzing food web connectivity based on major prey items.</p>
Data for: Visualization of the hidden food sources of bass (Micropterus salmoides), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and minnow (Zacco platypus) using 18S rRNA V9 primers on urban Singal Reservoir in Korea
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Context-dependent relationships between metabolism and behavior across temperature acclimations in sheepshead minnows (<em>Cyprinodon variegatus</em>)
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Data from: Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
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Data from: Invasive Eurasian minnow alters the trophic niche and growth of brown trout in high-latitude lakes
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Introgressive hybridization erodes morphological divergence between lentic and lotic habitats in an endangered minnow
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Long-term minnow community data from the Bayou Pierre, Mississippi
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Data from: Evaluation of cross-generational exposure to microplastics and co-occurring contaminants on embryonic and larval behavior in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas
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Data from: Genetic diversity of the critically endangered lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus in Poland and its implications for conservation
The lake minnow (Eupallasella percnurus) is critically endangered. In this paper we characterize the genetic properties of this fish over its range of occurrence in Poland and propose the use of this knowledge in its active protection. Twelve populations of lake minnow from across its range in Poland were investigated. 13 microsatellite loci were investigated to evaluate genetic variation and distance among populations. The magnitude of the genetic bottleneck or founder effects was investigated. In the studied populations, the allelic diversity and heterozygosity showed that genetic variation in this species is low. At most loci, only 2–3 alleles per population were detected. The average number of alleles detected across all loci was 35, and ranged from 24 to 53. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) across all investigated loci was 0.38 (range 0.21–0.59); the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.36 (range 0.18–0.55). The populations remained in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average Garza-Williamson M index value for all populations was low (0.47), suggesting a reduction in genetic variation due to a founder effect or a genetic bottleneck. Genetic distance among populations was high or very high (FST range: 0.20–0.64; δμ2 range: 1.32–16.98); this was likely a consequence of low gene flow among isolated populations, a founder effect or other genetic bottleneck, and strong genetic drift. The large genetic differences among the investigated lake minnow populations are likely to also exist among other populations of this species, and knowledge of these differences should inform active protection programs based on translocation of wild or cultivated fish of this species. The method presented here can potentially be applied to any population of lake minnows or closely related species.
Data from: The role of geography and ecology in shaping repeated patterns of morphological and genetic differentiation between European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) from the Pyrenees and the Alps
Neutral and selective processes can drive repeated patterns of evolution in different groups of populations experiencing similar ecological gradients. In this paper, we used a combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers, as well as geometric morphometrics, to investigate repeated patterns of morphological and genetic divergence of European minnows in two mountain ranges: the Pyrenees and the Alps. European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) are cyprinid fish inhabiting most freshwater bodies in Europe, including those in different mountain ranges that could act as major geographical barriers to gene flow. We explored patterns of P. phoxinus phenotypic and genetic diversification along a gradient of altitude common to the two mountain ranges, and tested for isolation by distance (IBD), isolation by environment (IBE) and isolation by adaptation (IBA). The results indicated that populations from the Pyrenees and the Alps belong to two well differentiated, reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages. Substantial genetic differentiation due to geographical isolation within and between populations from the Pyrenees and the Alps was also found using rapidly evolving AFLPs markers (isolation by distance or IBD), as well as morphological differences between mountain ranges. Also, morphology varied strongly with elevation and so did genetic differentiation to a lower extent. Despite moderate evidence for IBE and IBA, and therefore of repeated evolution, substantial population heterogeneity was found at the genetic level, suggesting that selection and population specific genetic drift act in concert to affect genetic divergence.
Data from: Genetic monitoring and complex population dynamics: insights from a 12-year study of the Rio Grande silvery minnow
The endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow persists as a remnant population in a highly fragmented and regulated arid-land river system. The species is subject to dramatic fluctuations in density. Since 2003, the wild population has been supplemented by hatchery-reared fish. We report on a 12-year (1999 – 2010) monitoring study of genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne) of wild and hatchery stocks. Our goals were to evaluate how genetic metrics responded to changes in wild fish density and whether they corresponded to the number and levels of diversity of hatchery-reared repatriates. Genetic diversity and all measures of Ne in the wild population did not correlate with wild fish density until hatchery supplementation began in earnest. Estimates of variance and inbreeding effective size were not correlated. Our results suggest source-sink dynamics where captive stocks form a genetically diverse source and the wild population behaves as a sink. Nevertheless, overall genetic diversity of silvery minnow has been maintained over the last decade and we attribute this to a well designed and executed propagation management plan. When multiple factors like environmental fluctuation and hatchery supplementation act simultaneously on a population, interpretation of genetic monitoring data may be equally complex and require considerable ecological data.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 3. Map showing the type locality of Alburnoides holciki sp. n.: Hari River system, 34°20'N, 62°12'E (empty star) and a locality of non-type material from Kashaf River (solid star) and sampling sites of comparative material: Alburnoides cf. eichwaldii west of Safid River (empty circles), Alburnoides cf. eichwaldii Safid River drainage (solid circles), A. cf. eichwaldii Tajan River (empty triangle), Alburnoides sp., Atrek River drainage (solid triangles), A. varentsovi rivers of northern slope of Kopetdag (solid quadrates), Alburnoides sp. Amu Darya drainage (empty quadrates).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 2. Alburnoides holciki sp. n., radiograph of a non-type specimen, BMNH 1914.1.1:30-31, 82.4 mm SL, Kashaf River at Mashhad (Iran). Shows an upturned mouth, a straightened upper profile of the snout, 13 predorsal vertebrae, 20 abdominal vertebrae, and 21 caudal vertebrae.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 5. Alburnoides sp., ZISP 10336, 65.8 mm SL, Samarkand (Zeravshan River system, Amu Darya drainage, Uzbekistan).
FIGURE 8 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 8. Alburnoides sp., radiograph, CMNFI 1970-0537, 77.8 mm SL, Shah River (Safid River drainage, Iran). Shows a more horizontal mouth, a rounded upper profile of the snout, 12 predorsal vertebrae, 20 abdominal vertebrae, and 21 caudal vertebrae.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 1. Alburnoides holciki sp. n., female holotype, 80.0 mm SL, Hari River at Herat (Afghanistan).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 4. UPGMA dendrogram using Kullback-Leibler divergences for six meristic characters (the number of branched anal-fin rays and five vertebral counts).
FIGURE 4 in Phylogeny and genetic variation within the widely distributed Bluntnose Minnow, Pimephales notatus (Cyprinidae), in North America
FIGURE 4. Phylogeny of P. notatus based on nDNA sequences. Phylogenetic relationships of selected specimens of P. notatus and congeneric species for the combined nuclear gene analysis (S7 plus Rag1). Presented is a maximum likelihood (ML) tree using GTR+I+G model with ML bootstrap values (based on 1000 replicates) and Bayesian posterior probabilities, with support values of>75 and>90 reported, respectively. Asterisks are given when both values were 100. Vertical bars indicate populations from Ozark (OH), Ouachita (UH) and Eastern (EH) highlands.
FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny and genetic variation within the widely distributed Bluntnose Minnow, Pimephales notatus (Cyprinidae), in North America
FIGURE 1. Localities sampled for Pimephales notatus. Localities of populations sampled for specimens analyzed. Adjacent sampling localities in close proximity are combined and shown as a single locality. White dots indicate presence in Clade A, black dots indicate presence in Clade B, and black/white dots indicate presence in both clades. Numbers indicate rivers sampled in the Ozarks (#1: Big River-Meramec, #2: Osage, #3: Neosho, #4: Illinois, #5: North Fork of the White R., #6: Current-Black), and Auxvasse (#7) and Rock (#8) creeks. Shaded areas west of the Mississippi R. correspond to the Ozark (North) and Ouachita (South) Highlands, and east of the Mississippi R. corresponds to the Eastern Highlands. Grey dashed line indicates maximum extent of ice during Pleistocene glacial maxima. Ch.B: Chesapeake Bay; Alb.S.B: Albemarle Sound Bay.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny and genetic variation within the widely distributed Bluntnose Minnow, Pimephales notatus (Cyprinidae), in North America
FIGURE 2. Phylogeny of P. notatus based on mtDNA sequences. Phylogenetic relationships of all specimens of P. notatus and congeneric species using variation in cytochrome b. Presented is a maximum likelihood (ML) tree using GTR+I+G model with ML bootstrap values (based on 1000 replicates) and Bayesian posterior probabilities, with support values of>75 and>90 reported, respectively. Asterisks are given when both values were 100. Marked in bold are those selected specimens also sequenced for nuclear genes. Red indicates specimens from localities that occurred in both lineages. Numbers after specimens indicate Ozarks localities depicted in Fig.1. Numbers in parenthesis indicate number of identical haplotypes for the locality. Vertical bars indicate populations from Ozark (OH), Ouachita (UH) and Eastern (EH) highlands.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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