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131 results for “molting”
Figure 1 in Onset and duration of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) molt in the Wadden Sea, and the role of environmental conditions
Figure 1. Aerial photograph of molting gray seals on a Wadden Sea sandbank. Seals are in pre-visible-molt (A), early-molt (B), late-molt (C), or post-molt (D). Recognizable adult males were noted separately. The quality was not always consistent due to glare or sand, and therefore seals were defined to have high (1), moderate (2), bad (3), or inadequate quality (4). The contrast of the pelage color in the true picture (upper image) was automatically selected using color select in Adobe Photoshop CS (lower image). The brown old fur was colored orange, and the grayish new fur was colored blue showing an even stronger contrast between early- and late-molt.
Figure 3 in Onset and duration of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) molt in the Wadden Sea, and the role of environmental conditions
Figure 3. The molt progress of nine captive gray seals recorded daily in 2010. The individuals were kept at two locations (Dolfinarium and Ecomare), had different origins, ages, and sexes (see y-axis). Note that the onset and end of molt varied per individual but the duration of the phases in the visible molt (early-molt and late-molt) were similar.
Mountain goat molt from community photographs
<p>Participatory approaches, such as community photography, can engage the public in questions of societal and scientific interest while helping advance understanding of ecological patterns and processes. We combined data extracted from community-sourced, spatially-explicit photographs with research findings from 2018 fieldwork in the Yukon, Canada, to evaluate winter coat molt patterns and phenology in mountain goats (<i>Oreamnos americanus</i>), a cold-adapted, alpine mammal. Leveraging the community science portals iNaturalist and CitSci, in less than a year we amassed a database of almost seven hundred unique photographs spanning some 4500 kms between latitudes <span>37.6°N</span> and 61.1<span>°N from </span>0m to 4333m elevation. Using statistical methods accounting for incomplete data, a common issue in community science data sets, we identified the effects of intrinsic (sex and presence of offspring) and broad environmental (latitude and elevation) factors on molt onset and rate and compared our findings with published data. Shedding occurred over a 3-month period between May 29 and September 6. Effects of sex and offspring on the timing of molt were consistent between the community-sourced and our Yukon data and with findings on wild mountain goats at a long-term research site in west-central Alberta, Canada. Males molted first, followed by females without offspring (4.4 days later in the coarse-grained, geographically-wide community science sample; 29.2 days later in our fine-grained Yukon sample) and lastly females with new kids (6.2; 21.2 days later, respectively). Shedding was later at higher elevations and faster at northern latitudes. Our findings establish a basis for employing community photography to examine broad-scale questions about the timing of ecological events, as well as sex differences in response to possible climate drivers. In addition, community photography can help inspire public participation in environmental and outdoor activities specifically with reference to iconic wildlife. </p>
Data for Evolution of the preformative molt in Cardinalidae
<p><span>We explored adaptive factors affecting the preformative molt in the passerine family Cardinalidae, and concluded that the ancestor inhabited forest habitats and underwent a partial preformative molt that included wing coverts but not primaries. Later radiations within the family appeared to be characterized by transitions from forests toward more open habitats, and such transitions also correlated positively with increased preformative molt investment, plumage signaling, and flight. While previous studies had highlighted the role of time and energy constraints in the evolution of the preformative molt in passerines, we conclude that adaptation to the physical environment has had a greater influence than constraints on the evolution of this molt in Cardinalidae. Using molt data from 430 individuals from 41 of the 51 Cardinalidae species, we tested whether social and environmental factors (delayed plumage maturation and habitat openness), as well as that of physiological and time constraints (body mass, migration distance and breeding latitude) have influenced the evolution of the preformative molt in this family. We predicted that these five factors could relate to the extent of the preformative molt in terms of energy investment, plumage signaling and flight. We also examined whether or not the presence of an auxiliary preformative molt correlated to the extent of the preformative molt. We found a strong phylogenetic signal for the preformative molt in Cardinalidae due to shared ancestry, with habitat openness correlating significantly with increased molt extent. We also found a very strong relationship with the auxiliary preformative molt, indicating that both episodes form part of the early life molt strategy in this family. E</span>volutionary histories and the environments to which each taxonomic group has adapted can diverge across passerines, and we expect that future studies will further discover the nature and strength of the evolutionary drivers of preformative molt.</p>
Figure 1 in Final molt of a male Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka
Figure 1 (continued from previous page). Male Telamonia dimidiata observed in Karnataka, India, before and after the final molt. 8-11, Adult in resting sac with exuvium just after molting. Image (9) is a composite of two different photographs. 12- 14, Same adult in or near the resting sac on the next day, after discarding the exuvium. Photo credits: 8-14, Abhijith A. P. C.
Figure 1 in Final molt of a male Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka
Figure 1 (continued on next page). Male Telamonia dimidiata observed in Karnataka, India, before and after the final molt. 1-2, Two views of a penultimate male. 3-4, Penultimate male in resting sac or retreat, constructed beneath a leaf of an ornamental Bougainvillea flower. 5, A different penultimate male in its resting sac. 6-7, Adult male in resting sac with exuvium just after molting. Photo credits: 1-4, 6-7, Abhijith A. P. C.; 5, Hayath Mohammed.
FIGURE 3 in A new approach to the systematics of Laeviprosopon (Brachyura: Homolidae), with remarks on the molting process of early brachyurans
FIGURE 3. Carapace with morphological structures in Laeviprosopon using the type species, L. laeve.
Data from: Two cGMP-dependent protein kinases have opposing effects on molt-inhibiting hormone regulation of Y-organ ecdysteroidogenesis
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Data from: Female ornamentation is correlated with weather conditions during molt in Protonotaria citrea (Prothonotary Warblers): A 13-year study
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Data from: Grooming time parallels molt intensity in wild-caught feral Rock Pigeons
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Mountain goat molt from community photographs
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Data from: Requirement of group I lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase for turnover of chitinous cuticle during molting in two forest pest beetles, <em>Monochamus alternatus</em> and <em>Psacothea hilaris</em>
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Nuclear receptor E75 regulates molting and ovarian development in <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>
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Data for Evolution of the preformative molt in Cardinalidae
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Data from: Dual oxidase is essential for molting, hatching and feeding in the brown planthopper
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Data from: Prealternate molt intensity and timing in six Nearctic-Neotropical migratory warblers
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Data from: Sex- and age-related differences in post-breeding molt phenology are phylogenetically and ecologically widespread in passerines
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Genetic and ecological drivers of molt in a migratory bird
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Data for: Molt timing and duration of northern elephant seals
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Data from: Local weather and body condition influence habitat use and movements on land of molting female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) are known to move and aggregate while moulting, but little is known about their behaviour on land during this time. In this study, 60 adult females were monitored (23 with GPS tags) during four moulting seasons, between 2012 and 2016 at Kerguelen Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Population surveys were recorded each year (N = 230 daily counts) and habitat use was analysed in relation to the stage of the moult and local weather. Based on stage of moult, habitat use and movements on land, we classified the moult of elephant seals into three phases: 1) a "search phase" at the initial stage of moult when grass and wallow habitats were used and characterised by greater mean distances travelled on land per day compared with the two other phases, 2) a "resident phase": during initial and mid-stage of moult when animals were found in grass and wallow habitats but with less distance moved on land, and 3) a "termination phase" at the final stage of moult where grass and beach habitats were occupied with no change in distances. Windchill and solar radiation influenced individual distances moved per day (mean 590 ± 237.0 m) at the mid and final stage of moult, such that animals travelled greater distances on days of low windchill or high solar radiation. Individual variation in distance moved and relative habitat use were also linked to body mass index (BMI) at arrival on the colony, as females with higher BMI moved less and preferred beach habitat. Moreover, the individual rate of moult increased with the use of wallows. Aggregation rate tended to be negatively correlated with distances moved. We therefore suggest that individuals face an energetic trade-off while moulting, balancing energy expenditure between movement and thermoregulation.
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