Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
68
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
68 results for “multiple drivers”
How are the impacts of multiple anthropogenic drivers considered in marine ecosystem service research? A systematic literature review
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Phenological responses to multiple environmental drivers under climate change: insights from a long-term observational study and a manipulative field experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Testing multiple drivers of the temperature-size rule with nonlinear temperature increase
<p>The temperature-size rule (TSR) describes the inverse relationship between organism size and environmental temperature in uni- and multicellular species. Despite the TSR being widespread, the mechanisms for shrinking body size with warming remain elusive. Here, we experimentally test three hypotheses (differential development and growth [DDG], maintain aerobic scope and regulate oxygen supply [MASROS] and the supply-demand hypothesis [SD]) potentially explaining the TSR using the aquatic protist Colpidium striatum in three gradually changing and one constant temperature environment crossed with three different nutrient levels.</p> <p>We find that the constant and slowly warming environments show similar responses in terms of population dynamics, whereas populations with linear and fast warming quickly decline and show a stronger temperature-size response. Our analyses suggest that acclimation may have played a role in observing these differences among treatments. The SD hypothesis is most parsimonious with the data, however, neither the DDG nor the MASROS hypothesis can be firmly dismissed. We conclude that the TSR is driven by multiple ecological and acclimatory responses, hence multicausal.</p>
Disentangling the roles of bottom-up and top-down drivers in the trade-off between food acquisition and safety in prey with multiple predators
1. Prey face a trade-off between acquiring food and avoiding predation, but food availability, and therefore its effect, is rarely measured in field studies investigating non-lethal effects of predation. The main aim of this study is to investigate the role of the presence of predators in the functional adjustments of feeding parameters with patch quality in a medium-size herbivore. 2. In Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe), we set up an experiment by manipulating, over two years, patch quality for impala (Aepyceros melampus), a medium-sized herbivore. We assess predation risk by monitoring the presence of three GPS-equipped predators: African lions (Panthera leo), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). 3. In enriched, fertilised plots the impalas reduced step rates (i.e. the rates of change in feeding stations), and increased their number of bites per feeding station while bite rates were not affected. Thus, the main adjustment of their feeding was the step rate. The total time the impalas spent vigilant appeared to be a good predictor of the variation of their bite rate. Although vigilance caused a reduction in bite rate when at a feeding station, the impalas reduced the relative costs of vigilance by continuing chewing and processing their food when scanning for predators. 4. When predators were in the vicinity, the impalas increased their exclusive vigilance (high-cost vigilance) but not their vigilance while chewing (low-cost vigilance) and decreased their bite rate while their step rate and the number of bites per feeding station did not change significantly. The impalas were thus visually disconnected from their patch, and reduced their bite rate when actually foraging. Exclusive vigilance increased when both lions and hyaenas were in the vicinity, and when wild dogs were nearby. 5. Patterns of vigilance that altered bite rate were linked to the presence of predators during the previous 24h. Over the long term patch quality was the main determinant of the feeding parameters (step rate and bite rate). This study shows how predators, by affecting the time prey devote to predator detection, shape the functional adjustments of food acquisition by prey to local patch quality.
Long-term empirical evidence, early warning signals, and multiple drivers of regime shifts in a lake ecosystem
<p>1. Catastrophic regime shifts in various ecosystems are increasing with the intensification of anthropogenic pressures. Understanding and predicting critical transitions are thus a key challenge in ecology. Previous studies have mainly focused on single environmental drivers (e.g., eutrophication) and early warning signals (EWSs) prior to population collapse. However, how multiple environmental stressors interact to shape ecological behaviour and whether EWSs were detectable prior to the recovery process in lake ecosystems are largely unknown.</p> <p>2. We present long-term empirical evidence of the critical transition and hysteresis with the combined pressures of climate warming, eutrophication and trophic cascade effects by fish stocking in a subtropical Chinese lake in the Yangtze floodplain. The catastrophic regime shifts are cross-validated by 64-year multi-trophic level monitoring data and paleo-diatom records.</p> <p>3. We show that EWSs are detectable in both the collapse and recovery trajectories and that including body size information in composite EWSs requires shorter time series data and can improve the predictive ability of regime shifts. Although full recovery has not yet been observed, EWSs prior to recovery provide us with the opportunity to take measures for a clear-water regime.</p> <p>4. Climate warming and top-down cascade effects have a negative influence on water clarity by altering lower trophic level abundance and body size, which in turn have a negative effect on macrophyte abundance. Furthermore, we identify a shift in the dominant driving forces from bottom-up to top-down after regime shifts, decoupling the relationships between nutrients and biological components and thus decreasing the efficiency of nutrient reduction.</p> <p>5. Synthesis This study provides new insights into ecological hysteresis under multiple external stressors and improves our understanding of trait-based EWSs in both the collapse and recovery processes in natural freshwater ecosystems. For management practice, our work suggests that slowing down climate warming and weakening the fish predation pressure on food webs are necessary to increase the effectiveness of nutrient reduction in the restoration of lakes.</p>
Data from: Combinations of Spok genes create multiple meiotic drivers in Podospora
Meiotic drive is the preferential transmission of a particular allele during sexual reproduction. The phenomenon is observed as spore killing in multiple fungi. In natural populations of Podospora anserina, seven spore killer types (Psks) have been identified through classical genetic analyses. Here we show that the Spok gene-family underlies the Psks. The combination of Spok genes at different chromosomal locations defines the spore killer types and creates a killing hierarchy within the same population. We identify two novel Spok homologs located within a large (74-167 kbp) region (the Spok block) that resides in different chromosomal locations in given strains. We confirm that the SPOK protein performs both killing and resistance functions and show that these activities are dependent on distinct domains, a predicted nuclease and kinase domain. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses across ascomycetes suggest that the Spok genes disperse via cross-species transfer, and evolve by duplication and diversification within lineages.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities
Changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]), nutrient availability and biotic diversity are three major drivers of the ongoing global change impacting terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. While it is well established that soil nutrient heterogeneity exerts a strong influence on the development of plant individuals and communities, it is virtually unknown how nutrient heterogeneity and global change drivers interact to affect plant performance and ecosystem functioning. We conducted a microcosm experiment to evaluate the effect of simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient heterogeneity (NH), nutrient availability (NA) and species evenness on the biomass and nutrient uptake patterns of assemblages formed by Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus. When the nutrients were heterogeneously supplied,assemblages exhibited precise root foraging patterns, and had higher above- and belowground biomass (average increases of 32% and 29% for above- and belowground biomass, respectively). Nutrient heterogeneity also modulated the effects of NA on biomass production, complementarity in nitrogen uptake and below: aboveground ratio, as well as those of [CO2] on the nutrient use efficiency at the assemblage level. Our results show that nutrient heterogeneity has the potential to influence the response of plant assemblages to simultaneous changes in [CO2], nutrient availability and biotic diversity, and suggest that it is an important environmental factor to interpret and assess plant assemblage responses to global change.
Data from: Disentangling the effects of multiple environmental drivers on population changes within communities
1. The effects of different environmental drivers on the changes in species' population abundances can be difficult to disentangle since they often act simultaneously. Researchers have built statistical models that include environmental variables (such as annual temperature), or species attributes (such as a species' temperature preference), which are assumed to detect the impacts of specific drivers (such as climate change). However, these approaches are often applied separately or, if combined, not explicitly compared. 2. We show the complementary insights gained by applying both these approaches to a community dataset on Danish terrestrial birds. We use our analysis to compare the relative importance of climate change and agricultural land-use change for the abundance changes within the community between 1983 and 2013. 3. Population models were fitted to the community data of species' annual abundances with predictors comprising: species attributes (species' temperature and habitat preferences), environmental variables (climatic and agricultural land-use change variables), or both. Relationships between species' abundances and environmental variables were used to identify the drivers associated with average abundance changes of species in the community. Relationships between species' abundances and their attributes were used to understand the drivers causing interspecific variation in abundance changes.4. Warmer winters were positively associated with community-level abundances, and warm-adapted species had more positive abundance changes than cold-adapted ones. Agricultural land-use area was negatively associated with community-level abundances, and birds using a high proportion of meadow and habitat specialists had more negative abundance changes than birds using other habitats and habitat generalists. Effect sizes of environmental variables were larger for agricultural land-use change while those for species attributes were larger for climate change. 5. The environmental-data approach suggested that agricultural land-use change has decreased the average abundances of species in the community, affecting total community size while the species-attribute based approach suggested that climate change has caused variation in abundance among species, affecting community composition. Environmental variables and species attributes that are hypothesized to link to specific drivers can be used together to provide complementary information on the impacts of different drivers on communities.
Tipping points and multiple drivers in changing aquatic ecosystems: A review of experimental studies (Data)
<p>The ecological concepts of tipping points and multiple stressors are both important concepts for the management of natural ecosystems. However, very few studies have attempted to combined both concepts and evaluate tipping points in the context of multiple stressors. The data available here have been published in a literature review (Limnology & Oceanography). In this review we (1) develop a historical and current perspective of tipping point studies in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecological systems; (2) portray the research effort in different freshwater and marine habitats; and (3) explore the results of experimental studies focusing on tipping points measured at the individual, communities, ecosystem level, as well as ecosystem functions and services in a context of single and multiples stressors.</p>
Birth cluster simulations of planetary systems with multiple super-Earths: initial conditions for white dwarf pollution drivers
<p>We provide the output parameters from our planetary system simulations around white dwarf main-sequence progenitors (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 solar mass stars) embedded in a birth star cluster containing 8,000 stars. The data can serve the community as initial conditions for subsequent evolution simulations, e.g. to further investigate the role of eccentric planets in the pollution of white dwarfs. The planetary systems, consisting solely of super-Earths with 0.01 Jovian masses, were started in three different orbital configurations. The 3P model contains 3 planets with initial semimajor axes between 2.00 and 18.63 AU. We also simulated two 7-planet system models with different orbital spacing. The 7PC model represents a compact planetary system with 7 planets between 2.00 and 18.63 AU. The 7PW model represents a wide planetary system with 7 planets between 2.00 and 56.87 AU. The three planetary system models were distributed around 193 stars with 1.5 solar masses, around 114 stars with 2.0 solar masses and around 101 stars with 2.5 solar masses, and numerically integrated for 100 Myr considering the gravitational forces from the neighbouring stars in the star cluster.</p> <p>See the publication Stock et al. (2022) for further information.</p>
Multiple drivers of large‐scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies
<p>Thin, hair-like lichens (<em>Alectoria, Bryoria, Usnea</em>) form conspicuous epiphyte communities across the boreal biome. These poikilohydric organisms provide important ecosystem functions and are useful indicators of global change. We analyse how environmental drivers influence changes in occurrence and length of these lichens on Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) over 10 years in managed forests in Sweden using data from >6000 trees. <em>Alectoria</em> and <em>Usnea</em> showed strong declines in southern-central regions, whereas Bryoria declined in northern regions. Overall, relative loss rates across the country ranged from 1.7% per year in <em>Alectoria </em>to 0.5% in <em>Bryoria</em>. These losses contrasted with increased length of <em>Bryoria </em>and <em>Usnea </em>in some regions. Occurrence trajectories (extinction, colonization, presence, absence) on remeasured trees correlated best with temperature, rain, nitrogen deposition, and stand age in multinomial logistic regression models. Our analysis strongly suggests that industrial forestry, in combination with nitrogen, is the main driver of lichen declines. Logging of forests with long continuity of tree cover, short rotation cycles, substrate limitation and low light in dense forests are harmful for lichens. Nitrogen deposition has decreased but is apparently still sufficiently high to prevent recovery. Warming correlated with occurrence trajectories of <em>Alectoria</em> and <em>Bryoria</em>, likely by altering hydration regimes and increasing respiration during autumn/winter. The large-scale lichen decline on an important host has cascading effects on biodiversity and function of boreal forest canopies. Forest management must apply a broad spectrum of methods, including uneven-aged continuous cover forestry and retention of large patches, to secure the ecosystem functions of these important canopy components under future climates. Our findings highlight interactions among drivers of lichen decline (forestry, nitrogen, climate), functional traits (dispersal, lichen colour, sensitivity to nitrogen, water storage), and population processes (extinction/colonization).</p>
Fig. 2 in Phylogeny identifies multiple colonisation events and Miocene aridification as drivers of South Asian bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) diversification
Fig. 2 Principal component analysis (PCA) plot based on morphometric measurements of bulbuls. Species were grouped together for their representative genera, and overlaid with species whose taxonomy needs to be resolved
Fig. 1 in Phylogeny identifies multiple colonisation events and Miocene aridification as drivers of South Asian bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) diversification
Fig. 1 Maximum likelihood tree of Asian Bulbuls. The phylogram is based on four mitochondrial genes and four nuclear genes. South Asian species are indicated in bold. The black dots at the nodes indi-
Fig. 3 in Phylogeny identifies multiple colonisation events and Miocene aridification as drivers of South Asian bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) diversification
Fig. 3 Bayesian chronogram for Asian bulbuls. The tree was inferred from the concatenated set of 4 mitochondrial genes and 3 nuclear genes (see text for details). South Asian species are indicated in bold. Horizontal bars denote 95% posterior probability age intervals
Data from: Orchid phylogenomics and multiple drivers of their extraordinary diversification
Orchids are the most diverse family of angiosperms, with over 25 000 species, more than mammals, birds and reptiles combined. Tests of hypotheses to account for such diversity have been stymied by the lack of a fully resolved broad-scale phylogeny. Here, we provide such a phylogeny, based on 75 chloroplast genes for 39 species representing all orchid subfamilies and 16 of 17 tribes, time-calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. A supermatrix analysis places an additional 144 species based on three plastid genes. Orchids appear to have arisen roughly 112 million years ago (Mya); the subfamilies Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae diverged from each other at the end of the Cretaceous; and the eight tribes and three previously unplaced subtribes of the upper epidendroids diverged rapidly from each other between 37.9 and 30.8 Mya. Orchids appear to have undergone one significant acceleration of net species diversification in the orchidoids, and two accelerations and one deceleration in the upper epidendroids. Consistent with theory, such accelerations were correlated with the evolution of pollinia, the epiphytic habit, CAM photosynthesis, tropical distribution (especially in extensive cordilleras), and pollination via Lepidoptera or euglossine bees. Deceit pollination appears to have elevated the number of orchid species by one-half but not via acceleration of the rate of net diversification. The highest rate of net species diversification within the orchids (0.382 sp sp−1 My−1) is 6.8 times that at the Asparagales crown.
Responses of marine diatom-dinoflagellate competition to multiple environmental drivers: abundance, elemental and biochemical aspects
<p>A key challenge in ecology and biogeochemistry is to quantitatively determine the effects of multiple environmental factors on the diatom-dinoflagellate community and the related changes in elemental and biochemical composition. Here, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the responses of a diatom-dinoflagellate community to the interactions between temperature, N and P concentrations and their ratios. In particular, we focus on quantitatively assessing the changes in elemental stoichiometry and lipid biomarkers associated with the shifts of community composition. The phytoplankton species used in the experiments were the diatom<em> Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em> and the dinoflagellate <em>Prorocentrum minimum</em>. Both monocultures and bicultures of the two species were exposed to a fully factorial combination of three temperatures (12, 18 and 24°C), three N:P supply ratios (molar ratios 10:1, 24:1 and 63:1) and three nutrient concentration levels in temperature-controlled cabinets. Algal cells were harvested at steady state in semi-continuous cultures. The following parameters were analyzed: Cell density, POC, PON, POP, FAs and sterols.</p>
Multiple co-occurring bioeconomic drivers of overexploitation can accelerate rare species extinction risk
<p>1. The unsustainable harvest of species for the global wildlife trade is a major cause of vertebrate extinction. Through the Anthropogenic Allee Effect, overexploitation to extinction can occur when a species' rarity drives up its market price, enabling profitable harvest of all remaining individuals. Even in the absence of rarity value, however, the harvest of other species can subsidize the overexploitation of a rare species to the point of extinction, a phenomenon termed opportunistic exploitation. These two pathways to extinction have only been considered independently, but many traded species experience them simultaneously.</p> <p>2. In this study, we develop a simple model that incorporates these mechanisms simultaneously and demonstrate that including multiple harvest strategies with market-based feedbacks fundamentally alters rare species extinction risk and the rate at which overexploitation occurs. As a pertinent case study, we consider the harvest of ground pangolins (<em>Smutsia</em> <em>temminckii</em>).</p> <p>3. Our results show that pangolin extinction was generally associated with high rarity value, the use of multiple harvest strategies, and the simultaneous harvest of a common species that has a fast life-history. Pangolin population depletion and short-term extinction risk were greatest when harvesters used a combination of pursuit and opportunistic (i.e. multi-species) harvest strategies.</p> <p>4. Policy implications. Our results suggest that feedbacks between multiple financial incentives to overharvest can exacerbate the risk of extinction of rare species. As a result, continuing to address AAE and opportunistic exploitation as separate extinction pathways may insufficiently capture extinction risk for many exploited species. Criteria for assessing extinction risk or harvest sustainability of exploited species should incorporate multiple drivers of harvest pressure, with an expanded focus on including species with high rarity value that are exploited in multi-species harvest regimes.</p>
Multiple co-occurring bioeconomic drivers of overexploitation can accelerate rare species extinction risk
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Multiple drivers of large‐scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient supply modulates nutrient and biomass responses to multiple global change drivers in model grassland communities
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.