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45 results for “multiple mating”
Python Script used in: Evolution of nuptial gifts and its coevolutionary dynamics with male-like persistence traits of females for multiple mating
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Data from: Multiple mating in the context of interspecific hybridization between two Tetramorium ant species
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Data from: Multiple mating, paternity and complex fertilisation patterns in the chokka squid Loligo reynaudi
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Data from: Mating portfolios: bet-hedging, sexual selection and female multiple mating
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Data from: Evolution of female multiple mating: a quantitative model of the "sexually-selected sperm" hypothesis
Explaining the evolution and maintenance of polyandry remains a key challenge in evolutionary ecology. One appealing explanation is the sexually-selected sperm (SSS) hypothesis, which proposes that polyandry evolves due to indirect selection stemming from positive genetic covariance with male fertilization efficiency, and hence with a male's success in post-copulatory competition for paternity. However, the SSS hypothesis relies on verbal analogy with 'sexy-son' models explaining co-evolution of female preferences for male displays, and explicit models that validate the basic SSS principle are surprisingly lacking. We developed analogous genetically-explicit individual-based models describing the SSS and 'sexy-son' processes. We show that the analogy between the two is only partly valid, such that the genetic correlation arising between polyandry and fertilization efficiency is generally smaller than that arising between preference and display, resulting in less reliable co-evolution. Importantly, indirect selection was too weak to cause polyandry to evolve in the presence of negative direct selection. Negatively-biased mutations on fertilization efficiency did not generally rescue runaway evolution of polyandry unless realized fertilization was highly skewed towards a single male, and co-evolution was even weaker given random mating-order effects on fertilization. Our models suggest that the SSS process is, on its own, unlikely to generally explain the evolution of polyandry.
Data from: High levels of multiple paternity in a spermcast mating freshwater mussel
Multiple paternity is an important characteristic of the genetic mating system and common across a wide range of taxa. Multiple paternity can increase within-population genotypic diversity, allowing selection to act on a wider spectre of genotypes, and potentially increasing effective population size. While the genetic mating system has been studied in many species with active mating behaviour, little is known about multiple paternity in sessile species releasing gametes into the water. In freshwater mussels, males release sperm into the water, while eggs are retained and fertilised inside the female (spermcast mating). Mature parasitic glochidia are released into the water and attach to the gills of fish where they are encapsulated until settling in the bottom substrate. We used 15 microsatellite markers to detect multiple paternity in a wild population of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera). We found multiple paternity in all clutches for which more than two offspring were genotyped and numbers of sires were extremely high. Thirty-two sires had contributed to the largest clutch (43 offspring sampled). This study provides the first evidence of multiple paternity in the freshwater pearl mussel, a species that has experienced dramatic declines across Europe. Previous studies on other species of freshwater mussels have detected much lower numbers of sires. Multiple paternity in freshwater pearl mussels may be central for maintaining genetic variability in small and fragmented populations and for their potential to recover after habitat restoration, and may also be important in the evolutionary arms race with their fish host with a much shorter generation time.
Data from: Multiple post-mating barriers to hybridisation in field crickets
Mechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding are fundamental to the maintenance of biodiversity. Barriers to interspecific matings, such as failure to recognize a potential mate, are often relatively easy to identify. Those occurring after mating, such as differences in the how successful sperm are in competition for fertilisations, are cryptic and have the potential to create selection on females to mate multiply as a defence against maladaptive hybridization. Cryptic advantages to conspecific sperm may be very widespread and have been identified based on the observations of higher paternity of conspecifics in several species. However, a relationship between the fate of sperm from two species within the female and paternity has never been demonstrated. We use competitive microsatellite PCR to show that in two hybridising cricket species, Gryllus bimaculatus and G. campestris, sequential cryptic reproductive barriers are present. In competition with heterospecifics, more sperm from conspecific males is stored by females. Additionally, sperm from conspecific males has a higher fertilisation probability. This reveals that conspecific sperm precedence can occur through processes fundamentally under the control of females, providing avenues for females to evolve multiple mating as a defence against hybridization, with the counterintuitive outcome that promiscuity reinforces isolation and may promote speciation.
Data from: The costs and benefits of multiple mating in a mostly monandrous wasp
The taxonomically widespread nature of polyandry remains a puzzle. Much of the empirical work regarding the costs and benefits of multiple mating to females has, for obvious reasons, relied on species that are already highly polyandrous. However, this makes it difficult to separate the processes that maintain the current level of polyandry from the processes that facilitate its expression and initiated its evolution. Here we consider the costs and benefits of polyandry in Nasonia vitripennis, a species of parasitoid wasp that is "mostly monandrous" in the wild, but which evolves polyandry under laboratory culture conditions. In a series of six experiments, we show that females gain a direct fecundity and longevity benefit from mating multiply with virgin males. Conversely, mating multiply with previously mated males actually results in a fecundity cost. Sexual harassment may also represent a significant cost of reproduction. Harassment was, however, only costly during oviposition, resulting in reduced fecundity, longevity and disrupted sex allocation. Our results show that ecological changes, in our case associated with differences in the local mating structure in the laboratory can alter the costs and benefits of mating and harassment and potentially lead to shifts in mating patterns.
Data from: Males mate with multiple females to increase offspring numbers in a nursery web spider
Males are often expected to benefit from mating with multiple females; however, in species where females are highly cannibalistic, achieving multiple matings may be a difficult task. When males employ strategies to avoid sexual cannibalism, it is presumed that there are benefits associated with survival – e.g. increased fitness associated with more mating opportunities. In the nursery web spider (Pisaurina mira), all males attempt to avoid sexual cannibalism by wrapping female's legs in silk prior to copulation. If males are unsuccessful, however, there are fitness benefits obtained by both sexes that are associated with their consumption - heavier and longer-lived offspring. Regardless, we hypothesize that P. mira males can achieve higher fitness by avoiding sexual cannibalism. Specifically, we predict that males can and will mate with multiple females and that mating with multiple partners benefits males. To test these predictions, we conducted (i) laboratory assays to determine if males will mate with multiple females and (ii) field assays to determine natural sex ratios, density, and female and male movement patterns. Finally, (iii) we used our field data to construct a mathematical model that predicts natural male encounter rates with potential mates. We found that male P. mira will mate with multiple females and that increased mating numbers leads to increased offspring production. Our model suggests that under natural conditions, males have the opportunity to mate with multiple females. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that P. mira males are likely to benefit from avoiding sexual cannibalism through increased mating opportunities.
Data from: Multiple mating but not recombination causes quantitative increase in offspring genetic diversity for varying genetic architectures
Explaining the evolution of sex and recombination is particularly intriguing for some species of eusocial insects because they display exceptionally high mating frequencies and genomic recombination rates. Explanations for both phenomena are based on the notion that both increase colony genetic diversity, with demonstrated benefits for colony disease resistance and division of labor. However, the relative contributions of mating number and recombination rate to colony genetic diversity have never been simultaneously assessed. Our study simulates colonies, assuming different mating numbers, recombination rates, and genetic architectures, to assess their worker genotypic diversity. The number of loci has a strong negative effect on genotypic diversity when the allelic effects are inversely scaled to locus number. In contrast, dominance, epistasis, lethal effects, or limiting the allelic diversity at each locus does not significantly affect the model outcomes. Mating number increases colony genotypic variance and lowers variation among colonies with quickly diminishing returns. Genomic recombination rate does not affect intra- and inter-colonial genotypic variance, regardless of mating frequency and genetic architecture. Recombination slightly increases the genotypic range of colonies and more strongly the number of workers with unique allele combinations across all loci. Overall, our study contradicts the argument that the exceptionally high recombination rates cause a quantitative increase in offspring genotypic diversity across one generation. Alternative explanations for the evolution of high recombination rates in social insects are therefore needed. Short-term benefits are central to most explanations of the evolution of multiple mating and high recombination rates in social insects but our results also apply to other species.
Data from: Multiple mating reveals complex patterns of assortative mating by personality and body size
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Data from: Evolution of female multiple mating: a quantitative model of the "sexually-selected sperm" hypothesis
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Data from: Multiple biological mechanisms result in correlations between pre- and post-mating traits that differ among versus within individuals and genotypes
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Data from: Female control over multiple matings increases the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection
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Data from: Consequences of multiple inflorescences and clonality for pollinator behavior and plant mating
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Data from: The costs and benefits of multiple mating in a mostly monandrous wasp
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Data from: Multiple mating and reproductive skew in parental and introgressed females of the live-bearing fish Xiphophorus birchmanni
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Data from: Female preference for multi-modal courtship: multiple signals are important for male mating success in peacock spiders
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Data from: Bet hedging via multiple mating: a meta-analysis
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Data from: Males mate with multiple females to increase offspring numbers in a nursery web spider
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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