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Fig. 48. Xiphophorus hellerii, 34.8 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 48. Xiphophorus hellerii, 34.8 mm SL female (top), 35.1 mm SL male (middle), Wong Lung Hang Stream, 38.8 mm SL redvariety male (bottom), Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve.

Fig. 59 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 59. Gobiopterus cf. macrolepis, non-native specimen (top), Tai Lam Chung Reservoir, native specimen (female with eggs) (bottom), Kam Tin River.

Fig. 46. Poecilia salvatoris, 30 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 46. Poecilia salvatoris, 30 mm SL female (top), Lam Tsuen River, 30 mm SL male (bottom), Sam Dip Tam Stream.

Fig. 43. Gambusia affinis, 23.9 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 43. Gambusia affinis, 23.9 mm SL female (top), Lam Tsuen River, 18.2 mm SL male (bottom), Lin Au Stream.

Fig. 8. Cyprinus carpio wild type, 307 in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 8. Cyprinus carpio wild type, 307 mm SL, Tai O River (top), ornamental variety, 596mm SL, Shing Mun Reservoir (bottom).

Fig. 22. A in The non-native freshwater fishes of Hong Kong: diversity, distributions, and origins

Fig. 22. A, Channa argus, Ng Tung River, Channa maculata, B1, (dorsal head pattern), B2, (lateral pattern), She Shan River (uncertain origin), Channa argus × Channa maculata hybrid, C1, (dorsal head pattern), C2, (lateral pattern), Ng Tung River.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Spatial patterns and drivers of native plant diversity in Hainan, China

The Hainan Island has the most extensive and well-preserved tropical forests in China. With rapid economic development of Hainan, biodiversity is increasingly at risk. Determining the spatial patterns of plant diversity in Hainan and explaining the drivers behind plant diversity are important considerations in assessing and maximizing the effectiveness of national parks, such as the newly designated Hainan Rainforest National Park. We assessed phylogenetic diversity patterns, and species richness using 106,252 georeferenced specimen records and a molecular phylogeny of 3,792 native plant species. Based on phylogenetic range-weighted turnover metrics, we divided the Hainan flora into four major floristic units. The Grade of Membership model was used to further verify the four units and to understand their boundaries and the internal structure of each floristic unit. Finally, the best combination model was used to explore the driving mechanisms underlying the division. Our results reveal that central Hainan is the most important hotspot for plant endemism and diversity, followed by the southern. Environmental energy is the main factor determining the spatial patterns of native plant diversity on the island, and accessibility has the greatest impact on native plant diversity among social factors. We explore patterns of spatial phylogenetics and biogeography to identify potential priorities for management and conservation drivers of plant diversity patterns across Hainan, to provide the basis for the effective protection of native plant diversity and the improvement of national parks of Hainan Island.

publicAug 2023View details →

Spatial patterns and drivers of native plant diversity in Hainan, China

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publicSep 2024View details →

Data from: Predicting undetected native vascular plant diversity at a global scale

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publicJul 2024View details →

Native plant diversity generates microbial legacies that either promote or suppress non-natives, depending on drought history

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zenodo36/100

Replication code and data for: "Machine Learning Predicts Large Scale Declines in Native Plant Phylogenetic Diversity."

Replication code and data for the paper: "Machine Learning Predicts Large Scale Declines in Native Plant Phylogenetic Diversity." The following files are included in this repository: 1) R scripts (numbered 0 through 9) include replication code for data analysis 2) Datasets (6 zip folders) contain the data analyzed in the R scripts

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Comparing raccoon MHC diversity in native and introduced ranges: evidence for the importance of functional immune diversity for adaptation and survival in novel environments.

The adaptive potential of invasive species is related to the genetic diversity of the invader, which is influenced by genetic drift and natural selection. Typically, the genetic diversity of invaders is studied with neutral genetic markers, however, the expectation of reduced diversity has not been consistently supported by empirical studies. Here, we describe and interpret genetic diversity at both neutral microsatellite loci and the immune related MHC-DRB locus of native and invasive populations of raccoon to better understand of how drift and selection impact patterns of genetic diversity during the invasion process. We found that despite the loss of many MHC alleles in comparison with native populations, functional MHC supertypes are preserved in the invasive region. In the native raccoon population the number of supertypes within individuals was higher than expected under a neutral model. The high level of individual functional divergence may facilitate the adaptation to local conditions in the invasive range. These results suggest that selection is driving divergent allele combinations despite drift causing allelic loss. In the invasive populations, we also detected increased population structure at microsatellites compared to the MHC locus, further suggesting that balancing selection is acting on adaptively important regions of the raccoon genome. Finally, we found that alleles known to exhibit resistance to rabies in the native range, Prlo-DRB*4, Prlo-DRB*16 and Prlo-DRB*102, were the most common alleles in the European populations, suggesting directional selection is acting on this locus. Our research shows empirical support for the importance of functional immune diversity for adaptation and survival in novel environments.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

Genetic diversity and thermal performance in invasive and native populations of African fig flies

During biological invasions, invasive populations can suffer losses of genetic diversity that are predicted to negatively impact their fitness/performance. Despite examples of invasive populations harboring lower diversity than conspecific populations in their native range, few studies have linked this lower diversity to a decrease in fitness. Using genome sequences, we show that invasive populations of the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus, have less genetic diversity than conspecific populations in their native range and that diversity is proportionally lower in regions of the genome experiencing low recombination rates. This result suggests that selection may have played a role in lowering diversity in the invasive populations. We next use interspecific comparisons to show that genetic diversity remains relatively high in invasive populations of Z. indianus when compared to other closely related species. By comparing genetic diversity in orthologous gene regions, we also show that the genome-wide landscape of genetic diversity differs between invasive and native populations of Z. indianus, indicating that invasion not only affects amounts of genetic diversity, but also how that diversity is distributed across the genome. Finally, we use parameter estimates from thermal performance curves measured for 13 species of Zaprionus to show that Z. indianus has the broadest thermal niche of measured species, and that performance does not differ between invasive and native populations. These results illustrate how aspects of genetic diversity in invasive species can be decoupled from measures of fitness, and that a broad thermal niche may have helped facilitate Z. indianus's range expansion.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Diversity, species coexistence, and functional composition patterns in subtropical Atlantic Forests invaded by non-native trees

<ol> <li>Biological invasions are a major environmental challenge today. Interactions between invasive and native species can significantly shape community structures, influencing co-existence, diversity, and functional composition of species. The subtropical Atlantic forest in southern Brazil, a recognized biodiversity hotspot, provides a unique setting to study these interactions, given its vulnerability to alien tree invasions. </li> <li>Our study sought to elucidate the impacts of such invasions on this fragile ecosystem by addressing key questions: 1) How are tree community diversity patterns affected by the abundance of invading alien tree species? 2) What are the patterns of coexistence between native and alien invasive trees? 3) Is the functional composition of the forests altered by the abundance of invasive trees?</li> <li>To address these questions, we compiled data on the abundance and functional traits of native and invasive trees. We determined the diversity patterns and functional composition of plots with different degrees of invasion. These data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Principal Component Analysis, and a coexistence index.</li> <li>In plots with a higher abundance of invasive trees, there was a significant decrease in the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, we observed that invasive alien trees coexisted with native species, and as the abundance of invasive trees increased, the native community weighted mean (CWM) of the leaf area and specific leaf area decreased.</li> <li>In conclusion, within the subtropical Atlantic forest areas of southern Brazil, our findings highlight that the abundance of invasive trees adversely affects the taxonomic and functional richness of native species. Furthermore, while invasive alien trees were found to coexist with native species, increased invasive abundance corresponded to a reduction in the leaf area and the specific leaf area of the native community.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Non-native species drive biotic homogenization, but it depends on the realm, beta diversity facet and study design: A meta-analytic systematic review

While reducing the species richness of invaded communities is a well-known consequence of biological invasions, non-native species can also reduce variability between communities over time (i.e., beta diversity) in a process known as biotic homogenization. Although biotic homogenization due to non-native species is a common topic of theoretical reviews, we believe no global meta-analysis on the effect of non-native species on beta diversity has been carried out yet. Here, we systematically show that non-native species drive biotic homogenization, but it depends on the realm, beta diversity facet and study design. Biotic homogenization was more intense in marine and freshwater ecosystems than in terrestrial ecosystems. We also found that non-native species reduced both taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity, but not the functional beta diversity. Finally, we observed more intense effects using "before vs. after invasion" followed by "uninvaded vs. invaded sites" while the effect size of studies using "communities associated with native vs. non-native species" did not differ from zero. Our findings highlight that non-native species contribute to biotic homogenization as a prevalent pattern in communities worldwide, and that biodiversity conservation strategies should go beyond investigating the reduction in the number of species by also taking into account beta diversity in its multiple facets.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data for functional diversity and habitat preferences of native grassland plants and ground-dwelling invertebrates in private gardens along an urbanisation gradient

Urbanisation influences biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, private domestic gardens provide habitats for many species. Challenging conditions in urban gardens may support species possessing certain traits, but exclude other species. Functional diversity is therefore often altered in urban gardens. We surveyed native grassland plants and ground-dwelling invertebrates (snails, slugs, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, rove beetles), and compiled data on urbanisation (distance to city centre, percentage of sealed area) and garden characteristics. We furthermore derived data on traits and habitat preferences for the species recorded in the gardens from the literature and own measurements. The survey comprised 35 domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in the city of Basel, Switzerland and its surroundings.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Interactions between soil microbes and native species drive a diversity-invasibility relationship

Soil microbes can affect both the invasiveness of exotic plants and the invasibility of native plant communities, but it still remains unclear whether soil microbes can influence the relationship between native plant species diversity and community invasibility. We constructed native plant communities with three levels of species richness (one, three, or six species) in un-sterilized or sterilized soil (i.e., with or without soil microbes) and let them not be invaded by exotic plant species or invaded by one of three exotic species (Solidago canadensis, Erigeron canadensis or Symphyotrichum subulatum) highly invasive in China. The soils conditioned by the native plant communities not invaded by the exotic species were used as soil microbe inocula to test whether richness-induced differences in soil microbes affect the growth of each of the three invasive species. Compared with the presence of soil microbes, the absence of soil microbes weakened the negative species richness-invasibility relationship, indicating that soil microbes can contribute to the higher invasion resistance of more diverse native plant communities. In the presence of soil microbes, the higher invasion resistance of more diverse communities was mainly ascribed to the complementarity effect. However, soil microbes from communities with a higher species richness did not have a stronger negative effect on the growth of any of the three invasive species. We conclude that soil microbes can alter the diversity-invasibility relationship through promoting the complementarity effect on the community invasion resistance. Our results highlight the importance to integrate the role of soil microbes in testing the diversity-invasibility hypothesis.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data and scripts from: Replacement drives native β-diversity of British avifauna, while richness differences shape alien β-diversity

Aim: We explored the range shifts of alien and native birds, the responses of alien and native β-diversity to abiotic factors, and the effect of native diversity on alien β-diversity in two time periods. Location: Great Britain. Time period: 1968–1972, 2007–2011. Taxa studied: Breeding birds. Methods: We estimated range shifts of alien and native species between the periods 1968–1972 and 2007–2011. Following, β-diversity of alien and native communities was estimated by Jaccard pairwise index (βtot) and partitioned into richness difference and replacement component for each period. We built abiotic Generalized Dissimilarity Models including abiotic factors for alien and native βtot and their components and a biotic model for aliens including native taxonomic and functional diversity as predictors. Results: Most alien and half native species expanded into new regions during the 40-year period. The native species range shifts did not exhibit a clear pattern along the longitudinal or latitudinal gradient, while alien species tended to move north-westwards. The richness difference was the dominant component of alien β-diversity, and the replacement component contributed mostly to native β-diversity. Alien β-diversity responded similarly, but less strongly than native β-diversity, to the abiotic gradients. Temperature-related variables, distance, and precipitation were the most important abiotic drivers of native and alien β-diversity. The biotic model of alien β-diversity explained more deviance than the abiotic model. Main conclusions: Alien species expanded into new regions over the 40 years, with alien β-diversity driven mostly by species gains. The effect of environmental filtering on alien communities was weaker compared to native communities but was slightly reinforced in the second period compared to the first period, highlighting the role of environmental change in shaping diversity patterns. Native diversity played a key role in driving alien β-diversity, through biotic interactions or/and by reflecting climatic suitability or niche availability for aliens.