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98 results for “neonicotinoids”
Data from: One size does not fit all: caste and sex differences in the response of bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) to chronic oral neonicotinoid exposure
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Nontarget impacts of neonicotinoids on nectar-inhabiting microbes
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Functional impact of subunit composition and compensation on Drosophila melanogaster nicotinic receptors: Targets of neonicotinoids
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Data to accompany from: Effects of neonicotinoid seed treatments on wildbee populations and soybean and corn fields in eastern Ontario
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Neonicotinoid and sulfoximine pesticides differentially impair insect escape behaviour and motion detection
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Insect nervous systems offer unique advantages for studying interactions between sensory systems and behaviour given that they are complex and yet highly tractable. By examining the neural coding of salient environmental stimuli and resulting behavioural output in the context of environmental stressors, we gain an understanding of the effects of these stressors on brain and behaviour and provide insight into normal function. The implication of neonicotinoid (neonic) pesticides in contributing to declines of non-target species, such as bees, has motivated development of new compounds, which could potentially mitigate putative resistance in target species (1, 2) and declines of non-target species. We used a neuroethological approach, including behavioural assays and multineuronal recording techniques, to investigate effects of imidacloprid and the novel insecticide sulfoxaflor on visual motion-detection circuits and related escape behaviour in the tractable locust system. Despite similar LD50 values, imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor evoked different behavioural and physiological effects. Imidacloprid significantly attenuated collision avoidance behaviours and impaired responses of neural populations, including a decrease in spontaneous firing and decreased neural habituation. In contrast, sulfoxaflor displayed no effect at a comparable sublethal dose. These are the first results to show that a neonic affects population responses and habituation of a visual motion detection system. We propose that differences in the sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor reflect an altered mode of action to imidacloprid. More broadly, we suggest that neuroethological assays for comparative neurotoxicology are a valuable tool to fully address current issues regarding proximal effects of environmental toxicity in non-target species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
No evidence for neonicotinoid preferences in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens
<p>Neonicotinoid pesticides can have a multitude of negative sub-lethal effects on bees. Understanding their impact on wild populations requires accurately estimating the dosages bees encounter under natural conditions. This is complicated by the possibility that bees might influence their own exposure: two recent studies found that bumblebees (<i>Bombus terrestris</i>) preferentially consumed neonicotinoid-contaminated nectar, even though these chemicals are thought to be tasteless and odourless. Here we used <i>Bombus impatien</i>s to explore two elements of these reported preferences, with the aim of understanding their ecological implication and underlying mechanism. First, we asked whether preferences persisted across a range of realistic nectar sugar concentrations, when measured at a series of time points up until 24 hours. Second, we tested whether bees' neonicotinoid preferences were driven by an ability to associate their post-ingestive consequences with floral stimuli such as color, location, or scent. We found no evidence that foragers preferred to consume neonicotinoid-containing solutions, despite finding effects on feeding motivation and locomotor activity in line with previous work. Bees also did not preferentially visit floral stimuli previously paired with a neonicotinoid-containing solution. These results highlight the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying bees' responses to these pesticides, critical for determining how neonicotinoid-driven foraging preferences might operate in the real world for different bee species.</p>
Data from: Combinations of plant water-stress and neonicotinoids can lead to secondary outbreaks of Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis Banks)
Spider mites, a cosmopolitan pest of agricultural and landscape plants, thrive under hot and dry conditions, which could become more frequent and extreme due to climate change. Recent work has shown that neonicotinoids, a widely used class of systemic insecticides that have come under scrutiny for non-target effects, can elevate spider mite populations. Both water-stress and neonicotinoids independently alter plant resistance against herbivores. Yet, the interaction between these two factors on spider mites is unclear, particularly for Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis; BGM). We conducted a field study to examine the effects of water-stress (optimal irrigation = 100% estimated evapotranspiration (ET) replacement, water stress = 25% of the water provided to optimally irrigated plants) and neonicotinoid seed treatments (control, clothianidin, thiamethoxam) on resident mite populations in corn (Zea mays, hybrid KSC7112). Our field study was followed by a manipulative field cage study and a parallel greenhouse study, where we tested the effects of water-stress and neonicotinoids on BGM and plant responses. We found that water-stress and clothianidin consistently increased BGM densities, while thiamethoxam-treated plants only had this effect when plants were mature. Water-stress and BGM herbivory had a greater effect on plant defenses than neonicotinoids alone, and the combination of BGM herbivory with the two abiotic factors increased the concentration of total soluble proteins. These results suggest that spider mite outbreaks by combinations of changes in plant defenses and protein concentration are triggered by water-stress and neonicotinoids, but the severity of the infestations varies depending on the insecticide active ingredient.
Data from: Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids reduces honey bee health near corn crops
Experiments linking neonicotinoids and declining bee health have been criticized for not simulating realistic exposure. Here we quantified the duration and magnitude of neonicotinoid exposure in Canada's corn-growing regions and used these data to design realistic experiments to investigate the effect of such insecticides on honey bees. Colonies near corn were naturally exposed to neonicotinoids for up to 4 months—the majority of the honey bee's active season. Realistic experiments showed that neonicotinoids increased worker mortality and were associated with declines in social immunity and increased queenlessness over time. We also discovered that the acute toxicity of neonicotinoids to honey bees doubles in the presence of a commonly encountered fungicide. Our work demonstrates that field-realistic exposure to neonicotinoids can reduce honey bee health in corn-growing regions.
Data from: Planting of neonicotinoid-treated maize poses risks for honey bees and other non-target organisms over a wide area without consistent crop yield benefit
Neonicotinoid insecticides are routinely used as seed treatments on most grain and oilseed crops in the USA, yet the extent and likelihood of spread of insecticide residues during planting has not previously been quantified. Honey bees, Apis mellifera, are highly mobile and highly sensitive to neonicotinoid residues, presenting an opportunity to estimate non-target exposures to neonicotinoids in mobile insects. We measured neonicotinoid dust drift during maize sowing and used sites of maize fields, apiary locations and honey bee foraging radii to estimate likelihood of forager exposure. We performed a concurrent multi-year field assessment of the pest management benefits of neonicotinoid-treated maize. Our results indicate that over 94% of honey bee foragers throughout the state of Indiana are at risk of exposure to varying levels of neonicotinoid insecticides, including lethal levels, during sowing of maize. We documented no benefit of the insecticidal seed treatments for crop yield during the study. Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate movement of neonicotinoid residues well beyond planted fields occurs during maize sowing in Indiana. Based on locations of maize fields and apiaries in the state, the likelihood of neonicotinoid exposure for foraging honey bees is high. Other non-target organisms are also likely to encounter neonicotinoid residues; we conservatively estimate that deposition of neonicotinoid residues on non-target lands and waterways will occur on over 42% of the state of Indiana during the period of maize sowing. However, we also demonstrate that the risk to pollinators and other non-target organisms may be rapidly and dramatically reduced without yield penalties, by aligning use rates of neonicotinoid insecticides with pest incidence.
Data for: Neonicotinoid retention and transport in a maize cropping system with contour prairie strips
<p>All data used in <em>Neonicotinoid retention and transport in a maize cropping system with contour prairie strips</em>.</p>
Data from: Experimental evidence for neonicotinoid driven decline in aquatic emerging insects
<p>There is an ongoing unprecedented loss in insects, both in terms of richness and biomass. The usage of pesticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been widely suggested to be a contributor to this decline. However, the risks of neonicotinoids to natural insect populations have remained largely unknown due to lack of field-realistic experiments. Here, we used an outdoor experiment to determine effects of field-realistic concentrations of the commonly applied neonicotinoid thiacloprid on the emergence of naturally assembled aquatic insect populations. Following application, all major orders of emerging aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera) declined strongly in both abundance and biomass. At the highest concentration (10 μg/L), emergence of most orders was nearly absent. Diversity of the most species-rich family, Chironomidae, decreased by 50% at more commonly observed concentrations (1 μg/L) and was generally reduced to a single species at the highest concentration. Our experimental findings thereby showcase a causal link of neonicotinoids and the ongoing insect decline. Given the urgency of the insect decline, our results highlight the need to reconsider the mass usage of neonicotinoids to preserve freshwater insects as well as the life and services depending on them.</p>
Supplementary Information - Chapter 1. Transcriptomic investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
<p><span>Laboratory-selected resistant strains of <em>Euschistus heros</em> to thiamethoxam (NEO) and lambda-cyhalothrin (PYR) were recently reported in Brazil. However, the mechanisms conferring resistance to these insecticides in <em>E. heros</em> remain unresolved. We utilized comparative transcriptome profiling and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling of susceptible and resistant strains of <em>E. heros</em> to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying resistance.</span><span> </span><span>The <em>E. heros</em> transcriptome was assembled, generating 91 673 transcripts with a mean length of 720 bp and N50 of 1795 bp. Comparative gene expression analysis between the susceptible (SUS) and NEO strains identified 215 significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts. DE transcripts associated with the xenobiotic metabolism were all up-regulated in the NEO strain. The comparative analysis of the SUS and PYR strains identified 204 DE transcripts, including an esterase (esterase FE4), a glutathione-<em>S</em>-transferase, an ABC transporter (ABCC1) and aquaporins that were up-regulated in the PYR strain. We identified 9588 and 15 043 nonsynonymous SNPs in the PYR and NEO strains. One of the SNPs (D70N) detected in the NEO strain occurs in a subunit (α5) of the nAChRs, the target site of neonicotinoid insecticides. Nevertheless, this residue position in α5 is not conserved among insects.</span><span> </span><span>Neonicotinoid and pyrethroid resistance in laboratory-selected <em>E. heros</em> is associated with a potential metabolic resistance mechanism by the overexpression of proteins commonly involved in the three phases of xenobiotic metabolism. Together these findings provide insight into the potential basis of resistance in <em>E. heros</em> and will inform the development and implementation of resistance management strategies against this important pest.</span></p> <p><strong><span>*Published in: </span></strong><em><span>Pest Management Science</span></em><span><span> 79.12 (2023): 5349-5361</span>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7745">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7745</a></span></p>
The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
<p>The ongoing loss of global biodiversity is endangering ecosystem functioning and human food security. While environmental pollutants are well known to reduce fertility, the potential effects of common neonicotinoid insecticides on insect fertility remain poorly understood. Here, we show that field-realistic neonicotinoid exposure can drastically impact male insect fertility. In the laboratory, male and female solitary bees <em>Osmia cornuta</em> were exposed to four concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to measure survival, food consumption, and sperm traits. Despite males being exposed to higher dosages of thiamethoxam, females revealed an overall increased hazard rate for survival; suggesting sex-specific differences in toxicological sensitivity. All tested sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1.5, 4.5, and 10 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) reduced sperm quantity by 57% and viability by 42% on average, with the lowest tested concentration leading to a reduction in total living sperm by 90%. As the tested sublethal concentrations match estimates of global neonicotinoid pollution, this reveals a plausible mechanism for population declines, thereby reflecting a realistic concern. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is required to decelerate the ongoing loss of biodiversity.</p>
No impact of neonicotinoids on male solitary bees Osmia cornuta under semi-field conditions
<p>The ubiquitous use of agrochemicals is one driver for the ongoing loss of insect biomass and diversity. Data show that field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect both population density and the fitness of solitary bees. However, the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain poorly understood. Here, using an established semi-field experimental set-up and <em>Osmia cornuta</em> as a solitary bee model, we examined the effects of field-realistic concentrations of a common neonicotinoid insecticide (clothianidin) on male larvae and adults. Besides measuring lethal (i.e., overwintering success and adult survival) and sub-lethal endpoints (i.e., emergence mass and emergence duration), we examined, for the first time, potential effects on the male reproductive physiology of a solitary bee (i.e., sperm quantity and viability). The data revealed no significant effects on any of the measured response variables. This may be due to the low degree of clothianidin exposure (0.56 ng g<sup>−1</sup>) and/or the apparent low susceptibility of solitary bee larvae to neonicotinoids. Furthermore, it is conceivable that ideal foraging conditions, combined with optimal weather and lack of other environmental stressors, may have improved the ability of bees to cope with the insecticide. To reliably assess and understand the environmental hazards of agrochemicals, a holistic approach, including laboratory, semi-field, and field data is required. Knowledge of underlying mechanisms will help to mitigate the current global declines of insect populations.</p>
No evidence for neonicotinoid preferences in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens
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Data from: Combinations of plant water-stress and neonicotinoids can lead to secondary outbreaks of Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis Banks)
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Experimental field evidence shows milkweed contaminated with a common neonicotinoid decreases larval survival of monarch butterflies
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Data from: Chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid increases expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens
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No impact of neonicotinoids on male solitary bees Osmia cornuta under semi-field conditions
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Data from: Neonicotinoid insecticide travels through a soil food chain, disrupting biological control of non-target pests and decreasing soya bean yield
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.