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Fig. 1 in Asterozoan pedicellariae and ossicles revealed from the Middle Ordovician of Baltica
Fig. 1. Location map (A), excerpt of the simplified geological map of the area (B), plan of the quarry (C), and stratigraphy of the Mishina Gora section 1 (D). Abbreviations: O, Ordovician; S, Silurian; D, Devonian outcrop area.
Fig. 3 in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles
Fig. 3. Distribution of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in columnal plate of Chariocrinus andreae (Desor, 1845) from Gnaszyn clay pit, Poland (ZPAL Ca.7/1) obtained by NanoSIMS ion microprobe mapping (A, B, D, E). Line scans extracted from the images (C, F; "S" = start and "E" = end; vertical bars represent standard error). Note a sharp geochemical boundary between inter−stereom deposits and the stereom and heterogenous distribution of Mg in stereom with higher concentrations in the middle−zone of the skeletal bar. There is also clear difference between Sr content between inter−sterom deposits and stereom, however, due to low count rate, any possible differences within the stereom bar cannot be resolved.
Fig. 2 in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles
Fig. 2. Micro− and nanostructural organization and basic geochemical characteristics of the Middle Jurassic (Middle Bathonian) isocrinid columnals from Gnaszyn clay pit, Poland. A. Transverse section of the columnal (beige in color) of Chariocrinus andreae (Desor, 1845), GIUS 8−2570 (A2 enlargement) in optical microscope (A1, A2) and in SEM back−scattered electron (BSE; A6, A7) images. Nanogranular organization of the stereom in AFM images (A4, A9 height−2D, and A5, A10 deflection images respectively; contact mode; buffered pH = 8, ammonium persulfate 1%, 10 min.). B. Slightly oblique section of the columnal (black in color) of Balanocrinus berchteni Hess and Pugin 1983, GIUS 8−2510 (B2 enlargement) in optical microscope (B1, B2) and in BSE (B6–B8) images. Note a clear border between stereom with distinct nanogranular texture and inter−stereom deposits with more flat surface (parallel lines are polishing scratches); B4, B10 height, and B5, B11 phase images, respectively. BSE mode enhances atomic number contrast; elements with lower atomic numbers appear darker, those with higher atomic numbers appear lighter (e.g., framboidal pyrite grains, B7). Spot geochemical analyses of the stereom (A3, B3) and inter−stereom deposits (A8, B9).
Fig. 1. A in Nanostructural and geochemical features of the Jurassic isocrinid columnal ossicles
Fig. 1. A. Simplified map of Poland with position of investigated Gnaszyn locality. B. Enlargement of Gnaszyn area with a clay pit from which crinoid samples were collected (modified after Zatoń et al. 2006). C. Stratigraphic column of the Bathonian deposits at Gnaszyn clay pit (modified after Majewski 2000).
Text-fig. 8. Middle-ear ossicles of Metacheiromys marshi, USNM-P 452349. a – left malleus (partial), incus, and stapes in ventral view; b – right malleus in oblique anterior view (left) and oblique posterior view (right). Abbreviations: acr – anterior crus, cb – crus breve, cl – crus longum, fp – footplate, iaf – inferior articular facet, ib – incudal body, lp – lateral process, mh – mallear head, mn – manubrium, mp – muscular process, n – neck, ol – osseous lamina (broken), pcr – posterior crus, sh – stapedial head, stf – stapedial foramen, suaf – superior articular facet. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans
Text-fig. 8. Middle-ear ossicles of Metacheiromys marshi, USNM-P 452349. a – left malleus (partial), incus, and stapes in ventral view; b – right malleus in oblique anterior view (left) and oblique posterior view (right). Abbreviations: acr – anterior crus, cb – crus breve, cl – crus longum, fp – footplate, iaf – inferior articular facet, ib – incudal body, lp – lateral process, mh – mallear head, mn – manubrium, mp – muscular process, n – neck, ol – osseous lamina (broken), pcr – posterior crus, sh – stapedial head, stf – stapedial foramen, suaf – superior articular facet.
Text-fig. 7. Metacheiromys marshi, USNM-P 452349, basicranium isosurface from CT scans in oblique ventral view, showing middle ear ossicles as preserved. On the specimen's left side, the ossicles are essentially in life position, with the stapes largely hidden in the fenestra vestibuli; the left malleus is broken and represented largely by the mallear head. On the specimen's right side, most of the floor of auditory bulla has been removed to expose the malleus, which has shifted posteriorly from the life position. Abbreviations: aptt – anteroventral process of tegmen tympani, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, eam – squamosal roof of external acoustic meatus, eo – exoccipital, gf – glenoid fossa, i – incus, m – malleus, mh – mallear head, oc – occipital condyle, pr – promontorium of petrosal, sh – stapedial head, tm – part of tubular external acoustic meatus. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans
Text-fig. 7. Metacheiromys marshi, USNM-P 452349, basicranium isosurface from CT scans in oblique ventral view, showing middle ear ossicles as preserved. On the specimen's left side, the ossicles are essentially in life position, with the stapes largely hidden in the fenestra vestibuli; the left malleus is broken and represented largely by the mallear head. On the specimen's right side, most of the floor of auditory bulla has been removed to expose the malleus, which has shifted posteriorly from the life position. Abbreviations: aptt – anteroventral process of tegmen tympani, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, eam – squamosal roof of external acoustic meatus, eo – exoccipital, gf – glenoid fossa, i – incus, m – malleus, mh – mallear head, oc – occipital condyle, pr – promontorium of petrosal, sh – stapedial head, tm – part of tubular external acoustic meatus.
Fig. 7 in The First Record of Ophioteichus multispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Japan, with Notes on Its Ossicle Description and Ecology
Fig. 7. Ophioteichus spp., living state, from intertidal region of Susami, Wakayama Prefecture (A–E) and Tosashimizu, Kochi Prefecture (F). A, B, 6 November 2021; C, 21 November 2021; D, E, 4 December 2021; F, 28 December 2021.
Fig. 5 in The First Record of Ophioteichus multispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Japan, with Notes on Its Ossicle Description and Ecology
Fig. 5. Ophioteichus multispinum (NSMT E-14161), SEM photographs. A–J, Vertebrae from proximal (A–E) and distal (F–J) portions of an arm, distal (A, F), proximal (B, G), ventral (C, H), dorsal (D, I) and lateral (E, J) views; K–M, lateral arm plates from proximal portion of an arm, external (K), internal (L) and distal (M) views. Arrowheads indicate orientation: d, dorsal side; dis, distal side; pro, proximal side; v, ventral side. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle flange; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, depression for tentacle; H, hole; MO, muscle opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; RWF, radial water canal; SA, spine articulation; SP, spur; VF, ventral muscle flange; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–F, M); 50 µm G–J; 200 µm (K, L).
Fig. 3 in The First Record of Ophioteichus multispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Japan, with Notes on Its Ossicle Description and Ecology
Fig. 3. Ophioteichus multispinum (NSMT E-14161). A, Dorsal disc; B, dorsal central part of disc; C, dorsal peripheral part of disc; D, dorsal interradial peripheral part of disc; E, ventral disc; F, jaws; G, ventral disc and proximal portion of arm; H, ventral interradial part of disc. Abbreviations: AdSh, adradial shield; AS, arm spine; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AVAP, accessary ventral arm plate; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; MP, marginal plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; P, plate; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield: TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate; 2°AdShSp, secondary adoral shield spine; 2°IPa, secondary infradental papilla. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in The First Record of Ophioteichus multispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Japan, with Notes on Its Ossicle Description and Ecology
Fig. 2. Ophioteichus multispinum (NSMT E-14161), living, in situ, exposed from sand ground (A, B) and anesthetized (C, D) states. A, C, Dorsal view; B, D, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 cm (C, D).
Fig. 1 in The First Record of Ophioteichus multispinum (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Japan, with Notes on Its Ossicle Description and Ecology
Fig. 1. Sampling locations of Ophioteichus multispinum (a solid circle, NSMT E-14161E-14163) and Ophioteichus spp. (two blank circles).
Acorn worm ossicle ultrastructure and composition and the origin of the Echinoderm skeleton
<p>The excel.data file with ossicle size measurement used to get the mean sizes and supplementary Fig. 2.</p> <p>Raw Raman spectra and R code used to determinate the polymorph of enteropneusts calcium carbonate ossicles, and make Fig. 3</p>
FIGURE 2. Ovalidota milleri new genus, new species. A. Wheel ossicle, somewhat corroded. B in Ovalidota milleri, a new genus and species of bathyal sea cucumber from the Caribbean Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida)
FIGURE 2. Ovalidota milleri new genus, new species. A. Wheel ossicle, somewhat corroded. B. Scanning electrom microscope image of portion of corroded wheel ossicle, showing remains of teeth on inner margin of rim. C. Photograph of portion of corroded wheel ossicle. Note evidence of teeth where spokes meet the wheel rim.
FIGURE 5. Some representative holothurian body wall ossicles. A–E, G–H in A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
FIGURE 5. Some representative holothurian body wall ossicles. A–E, G–H, tables viewed from various angles; F, crossed cup; I, perforated rod; J–N, smooth and knobbed buttons; O, cup; P, anchor plate; Q, anchor; R, C-shaped rod; S, wheel. Partly after Hendler et al., 1995.
FIGURE 31 in Recent developments on the morphology of the brachyuran foregut ossicles and gastric teeth
FIGURE 31. Foregut ossicles and gastric teeth of Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758), A. dorsal view, B. lateral view, C. lateral tooth, D. accessory teeth, E. dorso-median tooth, F. cardio-pyloric valve; scales: A. & B. 1mm, C. 300µm, D. 100µm, E. 300µm, F. 200µm.
FIGURE 30 in Recent developments on the morphology of the brachyuran foregut ossicles and gastric teeth
FIGURE 30. Foregut ossicles and gastric teeth of Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), A. dorsal view, B. lateral view, C. lateral tooth, D. accessory teeth, E. dorso-median tooth, F. cardio-pyloric valve; scales: A. & B. 1mm, C. 200µm, D. 100µm, E. & F. 200µm.
FIGURE 29 in Recent developments on the morphology of the brachyuran foregut ossicles and gastric teeth
FIGURE 29. Foregut ossicles and gastric teeth of Pseudosesarma moeschi (De Man, 1888), A. dorsal view, B. lateral view, C. lateral tooth, D. accessory teeth, E. dorso-median tooth, F. cardio-pyloric valve; scales: A. & B. 1mm, C. – F. 200µm.
FIGURE 28 in Recent developments on the morphology of the brachyuran foregut ossicles and gastric teeth
FIGURE 28. Foregut ossicles and gastric teeth of Cardisoma armatum Herklots, 1851, A. dorsal view, B. lateral view, C. lateral tooth, D. accessory teeth, E. dorso-median tooth, F. cardio-pyloric valve, scales: A. – C. & E. 1mm, D. 200µm, F. 200µm.
FIGURE 27 in Recent developments on the morphology of the brachyuran foregut ossicles and gastric teeth
FIGURE 27. Foregut ossicles and gastric teeth of Mictyris longicarpus Latreille, 1806, A. dorsal view, B. lateral view, C. lateral tooth, D. accessory teeth, E. dorso-median tooth, F. cardio-pyloric valve; scales: A. & B. 1mm, C. & D. 100µm, E. 200µm, F. 300µm.
FIGURE 23 in Recent developments on the morphology of the brachyuran foregut ossicles and gastric teeth
FIGURE 23. Foregut ossicles and gastric teeth of Retropluma quadrata Saint Laurent, 1989, A. dorsal view, B. lateral view, C. lateral tooth, D. accessory teeth, E. dorso-median tooth, F. cardio-pyloric valve; scales: A. & B. 1mm, C. – F. 100µm.
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