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38 results for “parapatric species”
FIGURE 6. A in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 6. A neighbor-joining tree based on Kimura's two-parameter genetic distances of the COI DNA sequences between the 18 observed haplotypes from the 30 specimens. The number at each tip of the tree represents the locality corresponding to those in Fig. 1. The numbers in parentheses indicate the numbers of individuals from the same localities sharing particular haplotypes. The haplotypes with asterisks are those possessed by the holotype of Plestiodon finitimus and the topotypes of P. latiscutatus and P. japonicus. The numbers near the interior branches are bootstrap probabilities from 500 pseudoreplicates.
FIGURE 5 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 5. Distribution of genetic distances calculated from 658-bp mtDNA COI fragment within and between species. Thick lines indicate the means, whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, and boxes indicate the ranges from the 25th–75th percentiles.
FIGURE 4 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 4. Observed major character states of postlabial (PL) scales. sl: last supralabial; t: lower tertiary temporal; p: postlabial.
FIGURE 2 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 2. Observed major character states in arrangement of postnasal, supralabial, anterior loreal, and posterior loreal (PN) scales. p: postnasal; sl: supralabial; a: anterior loreal; po: posterior loreal.
FIGURE 3 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 3. Observed major character states in arrangement of prefrontal, frontonasal, and frontal (PF) scales. A few specimens exhibited an intermediate state between the A and B type. pf: prefrontal; fn: frontonasal; f: frontal.
Figure 2 in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 2. Two-species distribution model derived from Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus records over France along with a suite of environmental variable (for details, see main text), extrapolated over neighbouring areas. The colours show the probability for any eligible locality to be occupied by T. cristatus (P c), from deep red for T. cristatus to deep blue for T. marmoratus. Intermediate colours, such as orange and green, represent intermediate probabilities (see the colour scale, which ranges from P c at zero to P c at unity). Areas in black have an elevation of> 1500 m a.s.l. A, model with forestation as documented. B, C, the mutual species distribution under the assumption that western Europe would be completely forested (full forest; B) and devoid of forestation (zero forest; C). The white line approximates the mutual species border as modelled in A. Note that large areas in the south-east of France are devoid of Triturus newts (cf. Fig. 1) and that Italy has another crested newt species (Triturus carnifex), but that a parapatric contact zone is being modelled nevertheless.
Figure 1. A in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 1. A, the outer range borders of the crested newt, Triturus cristatus (c; southern border shown by continuous line) and the marbled newt, Triturus marmoratus (m; northern and eastern border shown by dashed line) in continental France, after Castanet & Guyetant (1989) and Lescure & De Massary (2012). Departments mentioned in the text are as follows: DS, Deux-Sevres; M, Mayenne; V, Vienne. The Lower Rhône T. cristatus population is indicated by LR. The base map was downloaded from MapsLand (https://www.mapsland.com), under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Licence. B, the area of T. cristatus–T. marmoratus range overlap in Mercator projection, with the generalized species border as inferred from a two-species distribution model (see Fig. 2). The open circles represent documented species occurrences that strongly contradict the model, for T. cristatus (probability of occurrence, Pc ≤ 0.2, in red) and T. marmoratus (Pc ≥ 0.8, in blue). Large symbols represent multiple observations at close range. The drawings of animals, with T. cristatus at the top and T. marmoratus at the bottom, are by Bas Blankevoort, Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
Figure 4 in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 4. Model of the two-species distribution of Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus for climatic conditions as foreseen for 50 years from now under the CMCC-ESM2_ SSP126 scenario. Results were simplified to a binary representation, with red for T. cristatus (probability of occurrence, Pc> 0.5) and blue for T. marmoratus (Pc <0.5). Grey areas predict the presence of one species or the other, depending on zero or full forestation (for details, see main text). The white line approximates the mutual species border as modelled for the present day (Fig. 2A). Note that the contact zone would have to move at a pace of> 10 km/ year to keep up with the projected change. Three other scenarios yielded even larger contact zone displacements (Supporting Information, Fig. S2).
Figure 3 in A two-species distribution model for parapatric newts, with inferences on their history of spatial replacement
Figure 3. Models of the two-species distribution of Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus for climatic conditions as reconstructed for the Holocene, under the assumption that western Europe would be entirely forested (left panel) or entirely deforested (right panel). Colour key as in Figure 2. Results for nine different scenarios (for details, see main text) were averaged; for scenarios shown individually, see the Supporting Information (Fig. S1). The white line approximates the mutual species border as modelled for the present day in Figure 2.
Data from: DNA metabarcoding diet analysis for species with parapatric versus sympatric distribution: a case study on subterranean rodents
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Data from: Ecological partitioning among parapatric cryptic species
Geographic range differences among species may result from differences in their physiological tolerances. In the intertidal zone, marine and terrestrial environments intersect to create a unique habitat, across which physiological tolerance strongly influences range. Traits to cope with environmental extremes are particularly important here because many species live near their physiological limits and environmental gradients can be steep. The snail Melampus bidentatus occurs in coastal salt marshes in the western Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. We used sequence data from one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear markers (histone H3 and a mitochondrial carrier protein, MCP) to identify three cryptic species within this broad-ranging nominal species, two of which have partially overlapping geographic ranges. High genetic diversity, low population structure, and high levels of migration within these two overlapping species suggest that historical range limitations do not entirely explain their different ranges. To identify microhabitat differences between these two species, we modeled their distributions using data from both marine and terrestrial environments. Although temperature was the largest factor setting range limits, other environmental components explained features of the ranges that temperature alone could not. In particular, the interaction of precipitation and salinity likely sets physiological limits that lead to range differences between these two cryptic species. This suggests that the response to climatic change in these snails will be mediated by changes to multiple environmental factors, and not just to temperature alone.
FIGURE 8 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 8. Dorsal view of the holotype of P. finitimus sp. nov. (KUZ R65128).
Data from: Ecological partitioning among parapatric cryptic species
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FIGURE 5 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 5. Type series of Hemiphyllodactylus ngwelwini sp. nov. from Shan State, Myanmar. Top row: adult male holotype (LSUHC 14473), adult female paratypes (LSUHC 14474–75), and juvenile (LSUHC 14476) from Thayeumin Cave. Middle row: adult female paratypes (LSUHC 14328, 14330, 14489) and juvenile female paratype (LSUHC 14329) from Pwe Hla Village. Bottom row: Adult female paratype (LSUHC 14326) and adult male paratype (LSUHC 14327) from Myintmahati Cave
FIGURE 8 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 8. Natural wind-blown upland karst habitat of Hemiphyllodactylus zwegabinensis sp. nov. from the peak of Zwegabin Mountain, Kayin State, Myanmar.
FIGURE 6 in Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin
FIGURE 6. Natural and man-made habitat of Hemiphyllodactylus ngwelwini sp. nov. from Thayeumin Cave, Shan State, Myanmar.
FIGURE 1 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 1. Localities of the specimens examined in this study. Sites 1–18: Plestiodon finitimus; 19–24 and 39: P. latiscutatus; 25–38: P. japonicus; R1 and R2: Russian Far East specimens. The lines (a) and (b) represent boundaries between the geographic ranges of P. finitimus and P. japonicus, and P. finitimus and P. latiscutatus, respectively.
FIGURE 7 in A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode
FIGURE 7. Head scutellation of the holotype of P. finitimus sp. nov. (KUZ R65128). Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views.
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OpenNeuro
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