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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2019View details →

Figure 4 in Ecological surveys on the parthenogenetic Artemia populations in the hypersaline lakes of Anatolia, Turkey

Figure 4. Seasonal fluctuations in densities (ind. m–3) of Artemia and percentage of individuals subdivided in different age classes from Bolluk Lake.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2019View details →

Figure 3 in Ecological surveys on the parthenogenetic Artemia populations in the hypersaline lakes of Anatolia, Turkey

Figure 3. Seasonal fluctuations in densities (ind. m–3) of Artemia and percentage of individuals subdivided in different age classes from Tuz Lake.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Isoperla Prokopovi, A New Presumedly Parthenogenetic Stonefly From Crimea (Plecoptera, Perlodidae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Isoperla Prokopovi, A New Presumedly Parthenogenetic Stonefly From Crimea (Plecoptera, Perlodidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/fc5e1c06-bd6a-4219-b0f8-7db7c7150625">https://bionomia.net/dataset/fc5e1c06-bd6a-4219-b0f8-7db7c7150625</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/fc5e1c06-bd6a-4219-b0f8-7db7c7150625">https://gbif.org/dataset/fc5e1c06-bd6a-4219-b0f8-7db7c7150625</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

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Data supporting Fear of sex: Sexual conflict exposed as avoidance in a parthenogenetic invertebrate

Males and females often have divergent evolutionary interests, generating sexual conflicts. This is particularly true in organisms that exhibit facultative sexuality, whereby females are capable of reproducing without fitness costs of mating. Here we provide the first documented evidence with quantitative tracking showing that sex interacts with social context to determine space-use of females, in a pattern resembling predator avoidance. To achieve this, we labeled Daphnia magna with fluorescent nanoparticles and utilized a 3-D tracking platform to record pairs of individuals swimming. The recordings comprised either same-sex or opposite-sex pairings. We found that females swam faster, deeper, more horizontally and more linearly when exposed to males than when exposed to females. Simultaneously, we found that male behavior did not differ depending on swimming partner and, importantly, we observed no sexual dimorphism in swimming behaviors when swimming with the same sex. Our results suggest that the presence of males in a population has the potential to influence the distribution of individuals, similarly to known threats, such as predation. This highlights that sexual conflict has clear spatial consequences and should be considered in such ecological frameworks, like the Landscape of Fear (LOF) concept. In a broader context, the connection of the evolutionary and social concept of sexual conflict and the ecological concept of LOF may improve our understanding of population dynamics and the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals in natural ecosystems.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

FIGURE 5 in Comparative Meristic Variability in Whiptail Lizards (Teiidae, Aspidoscelis): Samples of Parthenogenetic A. tesselata Versus Samples of Sexually Reproducing A. sexlineata, A. marmorata, and A. gularis septemvittata

FIGURE 5. Pattern of meristic variation between parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis tesselata E (○) and gonochoristic A. marmorata (□) depicted by the projection of principal component scores on PC1 and PC2 axes: A. Arroyo del Macho, Chaves County, New Mexico (N = 38 and N = 29, respectively); B. vicinity of Engle, Sierra County, New Mexico (N = 30 and N = 33, respectively). Percentages represent the proportion of meristic variation summarized by each principal component, and ellipses define the 95% confidence limits for score distributions.

FIGURE 3 in Comparative Meristic Variability in Whiptail Lizards (Teiidae, Aspidoscelis): Samples of Parthenogenetic A. tesselata Versus Samples of Sexually Reproducing A. sexlineata, A. marmorata, and A. gularis septemvittata

FIGURE 3. Pattern of meristic variation between parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis tesselata C (○) and gonochoristic A. sexlineata (◊): A. southeastern Colorado (N = 31 for each sample); B. Conchas Lake, New Mexico (N = 30 and N = 31, respectively). Percentages represent the proportion of meristic variation summarized by each principal component, and ellipses define the 95% confidence limits for score distributions.

FIGURE 2 in Comparative Meristic Variability in Whiptail Lizards (Teiidae, Aspidoscelis): Samples of Parthenogenetic A. tesselata Versus Samples of Sexually Reproducing A. sexlineata, A. marmorata, and A. gularis septemvittata

FIGURE 2. Representative specimens used in this study. Southeastern Colorado: A. Aspidoscelis tesselata C (RU 0198; 93 mm SVL); B. A. sexlineata (RU 0334; ♂, 71 mm SVL). Conchas Lake, New Mexico: C. A. tesselata C (RU 0003; 86 mm SVL); D. A. sexlineata (GM 236 [UADZ 7405]; ♀, 61 mm SVL).

FIGURE 4 in Comparative Meristic Variability in Whiptail Lizards (Teiidae, Aspidoscelis): Samples of Parthenogenetic A. tesselata Versus Samples of Sexually Reproducing A. sexlineata, A. marmorata, and A. gularis septemvittata

FIGURE 4. Representative specimens used in this study. Engle, New Mexico: A. Aspidoscelis tesselata E (RU 9546; 87 mm SVL); B. A. marmorata (RU 9262; ♀, 84 mm SVL). Arroyo del Macho, New Mexico: C. A. tesselata E (RU 0228; 84 mm SVL); D. A. marmorata (RU 0390; ♀, 79 mm SVL). Presidio County, Texas: E. A. gularis septemvittata (UADZ 8115; ♂, 90 mm SVL).

Fig. 14 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 14. Additive tree (phenogram), based on Mahalanobis D2 distances (table 13), depicting meristic resemblance among nine groups of Aspidoscelis tesselata. Distances (similarities) between groups are computed by adding lengths of nodes between groups of interest. Terminal nodes represent the nine groups, and internal nodes represent horizontal distances between clusters. As an interpretation example, the resemblance between Conchas 6CE and Conchas 1CE is 7.2 + 3.2 + 2.2 + 2.8 + 5.6 = 21.0, while the resemblance between Conchas 6CE and Macho EC is 7.2 + 1.0 + 1.9 + 3.1 = 13.2.

Fig. 3 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 3. Electrophoretic phenotypes of sACOH, a monomeric enzyme, from liver homogenates of nine specimens of A. tesselata of pattern class CE from Conchas Lake State Park, New Mexico. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 3), and the genotype of each lizard is listed on the right. Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside their patterns on the gel. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 11 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 11. Pattern of multivariate morphological variation among Aspidoscelis tesselata of pattern classes C (N = 44), E (N = 32), and New Mexico D (N = 5) from the vicinity of Sumner Lake State Park, De Baca County, New Mexico. Canonical variate scores were derived from a canonical variate analysis using meristic characters identified in table 10.

Fig. 2 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 2. Electrophoretic phenotypes of GPI, a dimeric enzyme, from erythrocyte hemolysates of six specimens of Aspidoscelis. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 3), and the genotype of each lizard is listed on the right. Note the very slight difference in migration between the products of the ballele versus callele. Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside their patterns on the gel as follows: TESC, A. tesselata of pattern class CE from Conchas Lake State Park, New Mexico; and TESE, A. tesselata of pattern class E from Sandoval County, New Mexico. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 1 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 1. Geographic relationships among four northern collecting localities of Aspidoscelis tesselata of color pattern classes C, New Mexico D, and E and convenience classes CE and EC. Color patterns found at the four sites are (1) Conchas Lake State Park: CE and New Mexico D; (2) Sumner Lake State Park: C, New Mexico D, and E; (3) Puerto de Luna: E; and (4) Arroyo del Macho: EC.

Fig. 7 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 7. Color pattern variation in Aspidoscelis tesselata of pattern class CE from the vicinity of Conchas Lake State Park, San Miguel County, New Mexico. Morphological subgroup 6CE: A (RU 0002, 93 mm SVL); B (RU 0029, 96 mm SVL); morphological subgroup 1CE: C (RU 0013, 95 mm SVL); D (RU 0030, 89 mm SVL); E (RU 0021, 95 mm SVL); morphological subgroup 8CE: F (RU 0027, 86 mm SVL).

Fig. 4 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 4. Electrophoretic phenotypes of MPI, a monomeric enzyme, from liver homogenates of 11 specimens of Aspidoscelis. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 3), and the genotype of each lizard is listed on the right. Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside their patterns on the gel (with genotype) as follows: NEOTESA, B, and C, different pattern classes of the triploid A. neotesselata from Colorado; TESC and D, A. tesselata of pattern classes CE and D from Conchas Lake State Park, New Mexico; TESE, A. tesselata of pattern class EC from Arroyo del Macho, New Mexico; TESF, A. dixoni from New Mexico; TESF × PUN, triploid hybrid of A. dixoni × A. tigris punctilinealis from New Mexico; and TESG and H, A. dixoni of two pattern classes from Texas. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 14 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 14. Atretic and normal follicles and corpora lutea of C. tesselatus. A. Developing oocyte during vitellogenesis (right) and atretic follicle (left; AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). B. Atretic follicle with disorganized cytoplasm but intact nucleus (AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). C. Atretic follicle after vitellogenesis had begun; notice the glassy membrane (AMNH R146620, slide 4, row 2, section 5). D. Atretic follicle (left) and normal follicle (right), both before vitellogenesis (AMNH R146621, slide 4, row 1, section 2). E. A normal follicle showing the structure of the follicle wall and discharging pyriform cells (AMNH R145142, slide 106, row 1, section 3). F. Detail of the tunica interna showing discharging pyriform cells prior to the formation of yolk granules (AMNH R 146637, slide 41, row 1, section 4). G. Detail of a follicle during vitellogenesis, showing a welldeveloped zona radiata, vascularization, and the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145143, slide 28, row 1 section 2). H. Near the end of vitellogenesis the tunica interna is reduced to the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145142, slide 49, row 1, section 2). I. Older corpora lutea showing the triangular shape and absence

Fig. 11 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 11. Electrophoretic phenotypes of GPI, a dimeric enzyme, from erythrocytes of 12 lizards. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 5). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: TESE, C. tesselatus pattern class E; SEP, C. gularis septemvittatus; MAR, C. tigris marmoratus; and HYB, C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid. Although the SEP and MAR are identical on this gel (bb), the aallele occurs in other individuals of MAR. All specimens except the SEP are from the hybridization site near Roswell. Anode is to the right; arrow indicates position of sample applications.

Fig. 10 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 10. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of 11 meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of nine karyotyped hybrids collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: •, 8 hybrids of 2n = 46; -, one hybrid of 2n = 47 (fissioned Xchromosome). The ellipse defines the 95% confidence limits for the eight hybrids with intact Xchromosomes.

Fig. 8 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 8. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a quadratic canonical variate analysis of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 7 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 7. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.