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Figure 4 in Does your preservative preserve? A comparison of the efficacy of some pitfall trap solutions in preserving the internal reproductive organs of dung beetles
Figure 4. Evaporation rates of the eight preservatives in the low open woodland environment. Water is also shown for comparison. The dotted line represents the critical volume. PG = propylene glycol, w vinegar = white vinegar.
FIGURE 5 in Review of the Ulopella leafhopper genus group (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Ulopinae) with description of a new genus and species collected from pitfall traps in Zambia
FIGURE 5. Kivulopa hovana (holotype), external features and genitalia; a, dorsal habitus, Scale bar: 1 mm., b, lateral habitus, c, face, d, distal segment of right subgenital plate and fused basal segments of right and left subgenital plates together with dorsal plate of same (arrowed), ventral view, e, right subgenital plate (arrow indicates dorsal plate of basal segment), lateral view, f, style, g, aedeagus lateral view, h, aedeagus ventral view, i, connective ventral view, j, connective left lateral view. See Material and methods for details of imaged specimen.
FIGURE 2 in Review of the Ulopella leafhopper genus group (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Ulopinae) with description of a new genus and species collected from pitfall traps in Zambia
FIGURE 2. Kafulopa bicolor, external features and genitalia: a, face; b, right fore leg, lateral view; c, right fore tibia, in cross section near apex; d, right hind femur (apex to top); e, right hind leg, dorsal view; f, right hind leg, ventral view; g, right hind tibia, in cross section at midlength; h – j, male genital capsule, h, lateral view, i, dorsal view, j, ventral view (arrow indicates fused basal lobes of subgenital plates); k, aedeagus, lateral view; l, apex of aedeagus, ventral view; m, second valvulae lateral view; n, first valvulae, lateral view (Abbreviations: AD: anterior dorsal, AV: anterior ventral, PD: posterior dorsal, PV: posterior ventral).
FIGURE 1 in Review of the Ulopella leafhopper genus group (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Ulopinae) with description of a new genus and species collected from pitfall traps in Zambia
FIGURE 1. Kafulopa bicolor: a, dorsal habitus (holotype) scale bar 1 mm; b, lateral habitus (holotype); c, face (paratype), d, apex of female abdomen in ventral view (paratype).
Below-ground pitfall traps for standardised monitoring of soil mesofauna: Design and comparison to Berlese/Tullgren funnels
<p>The attached CSV file supports the article <em>Below-ground pitfall traps for standardised monitoring of soil mesofauna: Design and comparison to Berlese/Tullgren funnels </em>(Pedobiologia, Volume 101, 2023, 150911, ISSN 0031-4056, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2023.150911)">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2023.150911)</a> relative to its comparison part. It presents the specimen count of the deployed pitfall traps and Berlese/Tullgren extractions across five environments at different positions along transects. </p>
Figure 1 in Comparing the effectiveness of pitfall traps and active sampling methods for ants and spiders in a Chromolaena odorata invaded site
Figure 1. Individual-based rarefaction/extrapolation sampling curves representing ant (A) and spider (B) sampling size collected by both active and passive sampling strategies used at Buffelsdraai Conservancy [AHC = aerial hand collection above the knee; AHCCRYPTIC = aerial hand collection below the knee cryptic; AHCOBV = aerial hand collection below the knee noticeable or non-cryptic; BB = vegetation beating].
Figure 4 in Comparing the effectiveness of pitfall traps and active sampling methods for ants and spiders in a Chromolaena odorata invaded site
Figure 4. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) representing the similarity of ant (A) and spider (B) species sampled by active and passive sampling techniques. The count abundance was transformed using square root and the data was analysed using Bray-Curtis similarity to produce a two-dimensional plot with a stress level = 0.07 and = 0.01, respectively [AHC CRYPTIC = aerial hand collection below the knee cryptic; AHC OBV = aerial hand collection below the knee noticeable or non-cryptic; AHC = aerial hand collection above the knee; BB = vegetation beating].
Figure 3 in Comparing the effectiveness of pitfall traps and active sampling methods for ants and spiders in a Chromolaena odorata invaded site
Figure 3. Spider species richness collected using active and passive sampling techniques in Buffelsdraai Conservancy [AHC = aerial hand collection above the knee; AHC CRYPTIC = aerial hand collection below the knee cryptic; AHC OBV = aerial hand collection below the knee noticeable or non-cryptic; BB = vegetation beating].
Figure 1 in Efficiency of pitfall traps and snap traps in small terrestrial mammals depends on their diet composition
Figure 1. RDA biplot (first two axes) summarizing the effect of sampling method (triangles) on community composition (arrows) of small mammals. The first two eigenvalues were 0.23 and 0.36, respectively.
Araneae families in pitfall traps in sub project 7 in KiLi project
<p>Spiders were identified and sorted at least to family level by Dr. Steffen Bayer, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt a.M., Germany. Spider samples were pitfall trap samples from the sampling rounds 2, 3, 4, and 6.</p> <p>We sampled arthropod assemblages in disturbed and undisturbed vegetation types along an elevational gradient of 860–4550 m asl on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. On each site, ten pitfall traps were evenly spaced along two 50 m transects, with a distance of 10 m between individual traps and 20 m between transects. Pitfall traps were filled with 100–200 ml of a mixture of ethylene glycol and water (1:1 vol/vol) with a drop of liquid soap to break surface tension. Traps were exposed for 7 days each during two to five sampling events in both the dry and wet seasons between May 2011 and October 2012. As the number of individuals collected in ten traps was very high, we had to confine the sorting and subsequent analysis to sub-sets of at least three traps per sampling site and sampling event. Unfortunately, we had to find out later that the ethylen glycol procured locally was actually a mixture of ethylen glycol and 2-ethoxyethanol, which is a strong oxidizing chemical. Therefore, any sequencing of specimen caught in pitfall traps was impossible.</p> <p>Haas, Michael. 2014. Master thesis. The influence of elevation on community composition and trophic position of spiders. University of Marburg</p> <p>The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.</p>
Map 1 in On Quedius coloratus FAUVEL, 1875 and allied species, with an appendix on Quedius species collected in Greece with subterranean pitfall traps, and a new synonymy (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Map 1: Distributions of Quedius hellenicus (black diamonds), Q. sp. 2 (white stars), Q. carpathius (black stars), Q. spiculatus (white triangles), Q. hebes (white circles), and Q. coloratus (black circles) in the East Mediterranean.
Fig. 58 in On Quedius coloratus FAUVEL, 1875 and allied species, with an appendix on Quedius species collected in Greece with subterranean pitfall traps, and a new synonymy (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Fig. 58: Length of median lobe of aedeagus in relation to body size, given as an approximation of the combined area of head and pronotum, in Quedius coloratus and allied species.
Below-ground pitfall traps for standardised monitoring of soil mesofauna: Design and comparison to Berlese/Tullgren funnels
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SGS-LTER Live arthropod pitfall trapping across a double catena on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1995-1998
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection.
SGS-LTER Long-Term Montioring Project: Arthropod Pitfall Trapping on Small Mammal Trapping Webs on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1998-2006, ARS Study Number 118
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83450. With the exception of heteromyids, eg kangaroo rats and pocket mice, most small rodents in shortgrass steppe are omnivorous. Depending on season, arthropods (insects and arachnids) make up 40-85% of the diet of grasshopper mice and thirteen-lined ground squirrels, the most widespread rodents in northern shortgrass steppe. Small mammals are among the most important predators of ground-dwelling macroarthropods and herbivorous insects provide a direct resource link between weather and plant production. Understanding temporal variability in the abundance of arthropods is central to determining the mechanisms that drive small rodent populations. At present, there are no long-term studies of arthropods in shortgrass steppe, despite the important role that these taxa play in grassland food webs. Beginning in 1998, we implemented field protocols to track changes in relative abundance of terrestrial macroarthropods in grassland and shrub-dominated habitats of shortgrass steppe. Sampling was conducted on the six trapping webs (three upland prairie, three lowland saltbush) where we studied rodent populations, and was conducted approximately monthly from May-September (4-5 sessions/ye
Which pitfall traps and sampling effort to choose to evaluate cropping system effects on spider and carabid assemblages?
<p>Dataset and example of the script (R) used in the simulation approach.</p>
Map 2 in On Quedius coloratus FAUVEL, 1875 and allied species, with an appendix on Quedius species collected in Greece with subterranean pitfall traps, and a new synonymy (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Map 2: Distributions of Quedius endogeus (black circles) and Q. bernhaueri (white triangles).
Data from: Ant abundance in pitfall traps across different fire treatments
<p>Fire is a dominant ecological force shaping many faunal communities globally. Fire affects faunaeither directly, such as by killing individuals, or indirectly, such as by modifying vegetation structure. Vegetation structure itself also modulates fire frequency and intensity. As such, faunal responses to fire need to be seen through the lens of variable fire activity and vegetation structure. Here, we incorporate information on fire activity and vegetation structure to enhance an understanding of the response of ants to long-term (17-year) experimental fire treatments in an extremely fire-prone tropical savanna in northern Australia. A previous analysis revealed limited divergence in ant communities after five years of experimental fire treatment. Hence, we first investigated the extent to which ant communities diverged over a subsequent 12 years of treatment. We then assessed the relative contribution of fire treatment, cumulative fire intensity(fire activity) and woody cover to responses of ant species frequency of occurrence, richness and composition. We found that, even after 17 years, fire treatments explained little variation in any ant response variable. In contrast, woody cover was a strong predictor for all of them, while fire activity was a moderate predictor for abundance and richness. Ant species occurrence and richness increased in open habitats receiving higher levels of fire activity, compared with plots with higher vegetation cover experiencing low (or no) fire activity. Moreover, species composition differed between plots with high and low vegetation cover. Our findings provide experimental support to the principle that the effects of fire on fauna are primarily indirect, via its effect on vegetation structure. Furthermore, our results show that a 'uniform' fire regime does not have uniform impacts on the ant fauna, because of variability imposed by interactions between vegetation structure and fire activity. This helps explain why there is often a weak relationship between pyrodiversity and biodiversity, and it lessens the need for active management of pyrodiversity to maintain biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Ant abundance in pitfall traps across different fire treatments
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Edge effects and pitfall trap design influence spider diversity and assemblages in canola agroecosystems on the Canadian Prairies
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