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210 results for “population control”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci controlling important plant and flower traits in petunia using an interspecific recombinant inbred population of Petunia axillaris and Petunia exserta

A major bottleneck in plant breeding has been the much limited genetic base and much reduced genetic diversity in domesticated, cultivated germplasm. Identification and utilization of favorable gene loci or alleles from wild or progenitor species can serve as an effective approach to increasing genetic diversity and breaking this bottleneck in plant breeding. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in wild or progenitor petunia species that can be used to improve important horticultural traits in garden petunia. An F7 recombinant inbred population derived between Petunia axillaris and P. exserta was phenotyped for plant height, plant spread, plant size, flower counts, flower diameter, flower length, and days to anthesis, in Florida in two consecutive years. Transgressive segregation was observed for all seven traits in both years. The broad-sense heritability estimates for the traits ranged from 0.20 (days to anthesis) to 0.62 (flower length). A genome-wide genetic linkage map consisting 368 single nucleotide polymorphism bins and extending over 277 cM was searched to identify QTL for these traits. Nineteen QTL were identified and localized to five linkage groups. Eleven of the loci were identified consistently in both years; several loci explained up to 34.0% and 24.1% of the phenotypic variance for flower length and flower diameter, respectively. Multiple loci controlling different traits are co-localized in four intervals in four linkage groups. These intervals contain desirable alleles that can be introgressed into commercial petunia germplasm to expand the genetic base and improve plant performance and flower characteristics in petunia.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

zenodo36/100

A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO IMPROVE DIABETIC CONTROL FOR THE UNDERSERVED POPULATION THROUGH EDUCATION AND SCREENINGS

Diabetes is a growing epidemic in the underserved population. Type 2 diabetes is one of the largest health concerns affecting Americans. Over 37 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes and over 7 million are undiagnosed. One out of three Americans have prediabetes, but only 12% are aware of this condition.1 Diabetes can lead to serious health conditions including cardiac, renal, retinal and vascular conditions. A step towards controlling diabetes is performing an HbA1C test, but many people are not adequately screened or educated on the risk of diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recognizes a HbA1c as an evidence-based tool used in monitoring diabetes and diabetic determination. More than 28 million Americans are considered underserved with approximately 9% of Americans are classified as diabetics.1 Only 68% of this population are considered compliant with their diabetic treatment.9 The lack of diabetic control is caused by the inability to seek healthcare and a lack of diabetic supplies, screenings and treatment.7 The ADA determined that the underserved population suffering with diabetes is impacted 48 times more than any other population.

opencc-by-3.0-usDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Top-down control of a marine mesopredator: Increase in native white-tailed eagles accelerates the extinction of an endangered seabird population

1. Bottom-up control is an important regulator of marine mesopredators such as seabirds. The prevalence of top-down control on these species is however less well understood. In particular, how native predators affect seabird populations has rarely been quantified. 2. Here, we investigate how an increase in white-tailed eagles in northern Norway, a stronghold for the species, affected a local population of 25,000 pairs of black-legged kittiwakes, a red-listed seabird, during a 42-year period ending with colony extinction. We use a natural experiment of two neighbouring colonies with/without eagle predation to disentangle the effects of eagles from local kittiwake foraging conditions (using size of young herring as a proxy). 3. At the colony where eagle predation occurred, and in contrast to the eagle-free colony, kittiwake breeding success and population size declined with increased eagle abundance, the latter more strongly under poor foraging conditions. Breeding success increased with foraging conditions at both colonies. 4. Simple population modelling shows that although conditions were insufficient to sustain the eagle-exposed colony, the increased abundance of eagles sped up its extirpation by many years. 5. Policy implications. Our study shows that top-down effects from avian predators can be significant regulators of seabird populations, challenging their conservation where native, often protected, predators are rising. Such effects, and their possible interaction with other factors, must also be accounted for when using seabird demographic traits as environmental indicators and when developing more flexible and effective management and action plans.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Individual-plant selectivity by sheep in drylands scales-up at plant population level and controls the forage supply and its accessibility

Diet selectivity by domestic herbivores controls plant community structure and dynamics and may induce rangeland degradation, particularly in drylands. However, management decisions frequently ignore herbivore selectivity. Here, we studied how grass morphology controls sheep selectivity for individual plants, and how this selectivity interacts with grazing intensity to determine population plant-size distributions and the forage supply. In Patagonian steppes, we manipulated the plant morphology (size and standing-dead proportion) of three dominant grass species differentially preferred by sheep for four years. Then, we evaluated how these morphological alterations affected intra- and inter-specific preference patterns. We also evaluated how grazing intensity (ungrazed, moderate grazing, and intensive grazing) affected the plant-size distribution of the three species, the forage supply, and its accessibility. For the highly preferred species, herbivores selected plants that were either naturally or experimentally short, with low proportion of standing-dead biomass. In contrast, morphological changes did not alter the within-species selectivity of the least preferred species. Grazing intensity strongly changed the population plant-size distribution of preferred species in ways that resembled the experimental manipulations of morphology. Moderate grazing showed the greatest morphological heterogeneity among individuals. When integrating the green biomass of forage species' individuals at ecosystem level, we found that the forage supply was the highest in ungrazed sites and decreased as grazing intensity increased. However, considering the dissuading effect of the standing-dead proportion of plants, the accessible forage was the highest under moderate grazing. Synthesis and applications. Our findings (i) showed that, within preferred species, sheep selectivity at individual-plant level is controlled by morphological characteristics that determine accessibility to green high-quality biomass. This effect was as important as that of species identity; (ii) empirically proved plant-animal positive feedback at individual level; and (iii) revealed how the individual-plant selectivity scales-up at population level and controls the forage supply, but also its accessibility. Our complementary approach generates critical knowledge for developing management practices to control key forage species defoliation and to adjust the grazing pressure to the offer of accessible forage, avoiding the common carrying capacity overestimation. These aspects are essential for sustainable production in grazed drylands.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Past population control biases interpretations of contemporary genetic data: implications for future invasive Sitka black-tailed deer management in Haida Gwaii

Invasive species management practices often include genetic analyses to better inform decision-making and resource allocation. Yet, past management actions may artificially bias recovered patterns of genetic variation; for example, a population bottleneck caused by contemporary culling may mirror some patterns associated with historical isolation. Here, we aimed to disentangle the impacts of past management activities from natural processes for Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis), an invasive species that has been repeatedly culled on two islands, SGang Gwaay and Reef, within the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Canada). We applied a recently developed Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing panel to contemporary (e.g., blood, serum, tissue, muscle, feces) and archived deer samples, the latter collected prior to management activity within the system (c. 1997–1998), which allowed us to contextualize conflicting patterns of isolation and connectivity previously observed on SGang Gwaay and Reef. Successful genotyping (92.6%) and population genetic analysis of 292 individuals at 236 SNPs revealed signals of historical isolation on SGang Gwaay and Reef, provided evidence of a founder effect during initial colonization, and indicated an absence of ongoing gene flow. Furthermore, our spatiotemporal analyses consistently supported a priori predictions associated with bottlenecks within post-cull populations, such as within-island loss of genetic variation, elevated within-island kinship, and increased levels of among-island genetic differentiation. These findings are promising for future management of deer on SGang Gwaay and Reef, suggesting that eradications on these islands may be durable. More broadly, our work highlights the importance of understanding management history before interpreting contemporary population genetic data.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Trait value of Stipa krylovii populations in control and drought treatments

Understanding patterns of intraspecific trait variation can help us understand plant adaptability to environmental changes. To explore the underlying adaptation mechanisms of zonal plant species, we selected seven populations of Stipa krylovii, a dominant species in the Inner Mongolia Steppe of China, and evaluated the effects of phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation, the effects of climate variables on population trait differentiation, and traits coordinated patterns under each soil moisture treatment. We selected seeds from seven populations of S. krylovii in the Inner Mongolia Steppe, China, and carried out a soil moisture (2) × population origin (7) common garden experiment at Tianjin City, China, and measured ten plant traits of S. krylovii. General linear analyses were used to analyze how soil moisture and population origin affect each trait variation, Mantel tests were used to analyze population trait differentiation - geographic distance (or climatic difference) relationships, regression analyses were used to evaluate the trait-climatic variable relationships, and plant trait networks (PTNs) were used to evaluate the traits coordinated patterns. Both soil moisture and population origin showed significant effects on most of the traits. Aboveground biomass, root-shoot ratio, leaf width, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen (N) content were significantly correlated with climate variables under the control condition. Specific leaf area and leaf N content were significantly correlated with climate variables under drought conditions. By PTNs, the hub trait(s) was plant height under the control treatment and were aboveground biomass, root length, and specific leaf area under drought conditions. This study indicates that both phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation can significantly affect the adaptability of S. krylovii. In addition, soil moisture treatments show significant effects on trait-climate relationships and trait-coordinated patterns. These findings provide new insights into the adaptive mechanisms of zonal species in the semi-arid grassland region.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data from: Evaluating predator control using two non-invasive population metrics: a camera trap activity index and density estimation from scat genotyping

Includes datasets from the Wimmera and Mallee, Victoria, Australia: - Fox camera trap data used to model activity - Fox scat SECR capture and trap files used to model density

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Improving BP Control in Diverse Populations Using BP MAP

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03818659. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

A Clinical Evaluation of Absorb™ Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold (Absorb™ BVS) System in Chinese Population ~ ABSORB CHINA Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01923740. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

dryad36/100