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136 results for “prey species”
Fig. 9 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 9. Habitus of Armigeres giveni fourth instar larva (a); Ar. giveni female adult (b); Ar. cf. kuchingensis fourth instar larva (c); Ar. cf. kuchingensis male adult (d). Scale bars represent 1 mm. (Photographs by: Yeo Huiqing).
Fig. 10 in A comparative exploration of the inquiline and prey species of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in contiguous and fragmented habitat patches in Singapore
Fig. 10. Illustrations of mite genera inhabiting Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers in Singapore: (a) Undescribed genus (male dorsum), (b) Creutzeria sp. (male venter), (c) Zwickia sp. (male dorsum), (d) Nepenthacarus sp. (male dorsum). Scale bars represent 150 micrometres. (Illustrations by: Norman J. Fashing).
Predator discrimination of prey promotes the predator-mediated coexistence of prey species
<p><span>The predator discrimination of prey can affect predation intensity and the prey density-dependence of predators, which has the potential to alter the coexistence of prey species. We used a predator–prey population dynamics model accounting for the predator's adaptive diet choice and predator discrimination of prey to investigate how the latter influences prey coexistence. The model revealed that: (1) prey species that are perceived as belonging to the same species by a predator are attacked in the same manner, and it is more difficult for them to coexist than those that are recognised as different prey species; and (2) prey species that are not discriminated by a predator—and therefore cannot coexist—may coexist in the presence of an alternative predator that does discriminate between them. These results suggest that prey diversity, which favours the predator discrimination of prey, and the different capabilities of predators to identify prey species both enhance prey coexistence.</span></p>
Predator home range size mediates indirect interactions between prey species in an arctic vertebrate community
<ol> <li>Indirect interactions are widespread among prey species that share a common predator, but the underlying mechanisms driving these interactions are often unclear, and our ability to predict their outcome is limited. </li> <li>Changes in behavioural traits that impact predator space use could be a key proximal mechanism mediating indirect interactions, but there is little empirical evidence of the causes and consequences of such behavioural-numerical response in multi-species systems. </li> <li>Here, we investigate the complex ecological relationships between seven prey species sharing a common predator. We used a path analysis approach on a comprehensive 9-year dataset simultaneously tracking predator space use, prey densities, and prey mortality rate on key species of a simplified Arctic food-web. </li> <li>We show that high availability of a clumped and spatially predictable prey (goose eggs) leads to a two-fold reduction in predator (arctic fox) home range size, which increases local predator density and strongly decreases nest survival of an incidental prey (American golden plover). On the other hand, a scattered cyclic prey with potentially lower spatial predictability (lemming) had a weaker effect on fox space use and an overall positive impact on the survival of incidental prey.</li> <li>These contrasting effects underline the importance of studying behavioural responses of predators in multi-prey systems and to explicitly integrate behavioural-numerical responses in multi-species predator-prey models.</li> </ol>
Data from: Predator-prey Interactions of Terrestrial Invertebrates are Determined by Predator Body Size and Species Identity
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Predator home range size mediates indirect interactions between prey species in an arctic vertebrate community
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The past, present, and future of predator-prey interactions in a warming world: using species distribution modeling to forecast ectotherm-endotherm niche overlap
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Predator discrimination of prey promotes the predator-mediated coexistence of prey species
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Balancing carnivore conservation and sustainable hunting of a key prey species: a case study on the Florida panther and white-tailed deer
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Great tits (Parus major) flexibly learn that herbivore-induced plant volatiles indicate prey location – an experimental evidence with two tree species
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Data from: Antagonistic species interaction drives selection for sex in a predator-prey system
<p>The evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction has long challenged biologists as the majority of species reproduce sexually despite inherent costs. Providing a general explanation for the evolutionary success of sex has thus proven difficult and resulted in numerous hypotheses. A leading hypothesis suggests that antagonistic species interaction can generate conditions selecting for increased sex due to the production of rare or novel genotypes that are beneficial for rapid adaptation to recurrent environmental change brought on by antagonism. To test this ecology-based hypothesis, we conducted experimental evolution in a predator (rotifer) - prey (algal) system by using continuous cultures to track predator-prey dynamics and in-situ rates of sex in the prey over time and within replicated experimental populations. Overall, we found that predator-mediated fluctuating selection for competitive versus defended prey resulted in higher rates of genetic mixing in the prey. More specifically, our results showed that fluctuating population sizes of predator and prey, coupled with a trade-off in the prey, drove the sort of recurrent environmental change that could provide a benefit to sex in the prey, despite inherent costs. We end with a discussion of potential population genetic mechanisms underlying increased selection for sex in this system, based on our application of a general theoretical framework for measuring the effects of sex over time, and interpreting how these effects can lead to inferences about the conditions selecting for or against sexual reproduction in a system with antagonistic species interaction.</p>
Figure 3 in Behavior notes and prey spectrum of three species of the bee-hunting wasp Trachypus Klug (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 3. Trachypus taschenbergi biology. (A) female carrying a prey (Paratrigona subnuda drone) near the nest entrance. (B) female exiting the nest; (C-E) a female trying to enter an occupied nest and being expelled by a female that was inside the nest.
Figure 1 in Behavior notes and prey spectrum of three species of the bee-hunting wasp Trachypus Klug (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 1. Study site. (A) Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, (B) land cover (modified from Pereira et al., 2020), (C) original sampling sites (modified from Michener et al., 1958).
Figure 2 in Behavior notes and prey spectrum of three species of the bee-hunting wasp Trachypus Klug (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Figure 2. Rose diagrams for seasonal activities of (A) Trachypus elongatus and (B) Trachypus taschenbergi, considering the number of female observations per day of fieldwork. Months are treated as sectors of 30 degrees each, with January corresponding to 0 and December to 330.
Congeneric predators fill discrete niches created by the relative abundances of their prey species
To what degree is niche partitioning driven by underlying patterns in resources such as food, rather than by competition itself? Do discrete niches exist? We address these questions in the context of Cooper's and Sharp-shinned Hawks, two broadly sympatric, North American, bird-eating raptors in the genus Accipiter. We find that the resource base, as quantified by body masses of birds at bird feeders, is approximately lognormal (smallest birds are most abundant), with lesser modes (peaks) in abundance at larger body mass. The predators appear to exploit peaks in the resource base, with Sharp-shinned Hawks focusing on small prey items (median of 26.5 g), and Cooper's Hawks taking prey from the two most abundant peaks (both the small body mass peak and a lesser peak at medium body mass ~90g). We tested the ability of citizen scientists to distinguish these notoriously similar species, and we determined the influence of potential false positive detections on our conclusions. We find that citizen scientists struggle to distinguish these predators from one another, and 18% of Cooper's Hawks were identified as Sharp-shinned Hawks, while 27% of Sharp-shinned Hawks were identified as Cooper's Hawks. Yet, simulations show that this uncertainty did not jeopardize our qualitative conclusions.
Pest species preyed upon by bats and the crop types affected by them.
<p>This database compiles the pest species consumed by bats and the crop types they attack, as part of the supplementary material of the article entitled "<strong>Pest suppression by bats and management strategies to favour it: a global review</strong>", published in the journal Biological Reviews.</p> <p>The crop types were classified into several categories this work: cereals (e.g. wheat, maize, corn, rice, barley, sorghum); forest (e.g. beech, oak, poplar, willow); fruit crops (e.g. apple, pear, apricot, strawberry, cranberry); grasses (e.g. sugarcane, turfs, pastures); legumes (e.g. pea, bean, alfalfa, soybean); ornamental (e.g. garden species); other (cotton, tea, tobacco, hop, flax, rubber tree, hemp, peppermint, jute, rapeseed, kenaf, ashwagandha, mushrooms, honeybees); stored products (e.g. stored cereals, stored tobacco, dried fruits); and vegetables (e.g. tomato, lettuce, spinach, potato, onion).</p>
Figure 9 in A new species of Chrysobothris Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from nests of Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in northeastern Florida, USA, with new state records for species of Chrysobothris and a list of buprestid prey species taken by the wasp in Florida
Figure 9. Google Earth image of Pelotes Island (outlined in white) and vicinity.
Fig. 19 in Species inventory, preys and host plants of Anthocoridae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Shiraz and its environs (Iran, Fars province)
Fig. 19. Map of the Fars Province with the positions of the sampling sites.
FIGURE 1 in Does The Ability Of Blattisocius Species To Prey On Mites And Insects Vary According To The Relative Length Of The Cheliceral Digits?
FIGURE 1: Chelicerae of Blattisocius keegani A – photo; B – line drawing and Blattisocius everti C – photo; D – line drawing; a – fixed digit; b – movable digit; bar = 20 µm.
More intraguild prey than pest species in arachnid diets may compromise biological control in apple orchards
<p>Understanding the full diet of natural enemies is necessary for evaluating their role as biocontrol agents, because many enemy species do not only feed on pests but also on other natural enemies. Such intraguild predation can compromise pest control if the consumed enemies are actually better for pest control than their predators. In this study, we used gut metabarcoding to quantify diets of all common arachnid species in Swedish and Spanish apple orchards. For this purpose, we designed new primers that reduce amplification of arachnid predators while retaining high amplification of all prey group. Results suggest that most arachnids consume a large range of putative pest species on apple but also a high proportion of other natural enemies, where the latter constitute almost a third of all prey sequences. Intraguild predation also varied between regions, with a larger content of heteropteran bugs in arachnid guts from Spanish orchards. There was also a tendency for cursorial spiders to have more intraguild prey in the gut than web spiders. Two groups that may be overlooked as important biocontrol agents in apple orchards seem to be theridiid web spiders and opilionids, where the latter had several small-bodied pest species in the gut. These results thus provide important guidance for what arachnid groups that should be targets of management actions, even though additional information is needed to quantify all direct and indirect interactions occurring in the complex arthropod food webs in fruit orchards.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.