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85 results for “salt tolerance”
Freeze-tolerance of poleward-spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
<p class="MsoCommentText"><b>1. Background</b>: Increasing temperatures associated with climate change are shifting plant species to higher latitudes. Soil communities could aid the plants' shift into novel areas by harbouring fewer soil-borne antagonists or more mutualists that influence the fitness and stress tolerance of the shifting species. Alternatively, they could contain novel antagonists or fewer mutualists. Thus, soil communities could positively or negatively affect plant range expansion, particularly if they influence plants' responses to climate, such as freeze tolerance, that feedback to affect expansion.</p> <p class="CxSpFirst"><b>2. Methods: </b>We used the northward range expansion of the black mangrove<i>,</i> <i>Avicennia germinans</i>, into a system dominated by marsh cordgrass, <i>Spartina alterniflora</i><i>, </i>in northern Florida, USA to study how the novel soil environment (i.e., <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil) affects mangrove fitness, susceptibility to cold stress, and the colonization of mutualist fungi. We quantified abundance of root mutualistic fungi in mixed marsh-mangrove habitat and conducted a laboratory experiment to test effects of steam-sterilized and live soils from <i>A. germinans </i>and <i>S. alterniflora</i> on the growth, condition, fungal colonization, and freeze tolerance of <i>A. germinans</i> seedlings.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>3. Results and Conclusions:</b> In the field, we found two times higher dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonization of <i>A. germinans</i> roots and three times higher fungal spore density in <i>A. germinans</i> soil compared to <i>S. alterniflora </i>roots and soil. In the laboratory experiment, seedlings in steamed <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil treatments had 50-65% survival after freezing, compared to 0% survival in treatments with live <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil. <i>A. germinans</i> live soil mixed with <i>S. alterniflora</i> steamed soil yielded <i>A. germinans</i> roots with the highest DSE colonization and seedlings with greater shoot biomass and lower root:shoot ratios. <i>S. alterniflora</i> live soil lowered the freeze tolerance of <i>A. germinans</i>, decreased mangrove survival, and depressed DSE colonization.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>4. Synthesis:</b> <i>S. alterniflora </i>soil could impede <i>A. germinans</i> establishment in salt marsh communities. As climate warming gradually allows <i>A. germinans</i> to displace <i>S. alterniflora</i>, the rhizosphere could become increasingly hospitable to <i>A. germinans</i>. Our work suggests the soil community associated with resident species mediates climatic stressors to affect expansion success. </p> <p class="CxSpFirst"> </p>
Fig. 6 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 6. Differentially expressed genes related to the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in the comparison (NaCl vs NaCl + ACh). (A) diagram of auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and salicylic acid signalling transduction pathways; (B) information and expression patterns of differentially expressed genes involved in auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and salicylic acid signalling transduction pathways. Red means upregulated expression of genes, and green means downregulated expression of genes. The number in each sample name represents the sample order. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 3. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on gene ontology categorization. The left Y-axis represents the significantly enriched GO terms (p <0.05) pathways. The Xaxis represents the percentage of DEGs belonging to the corresponding pathway. The sizes of bubbles represent the number of DEGs in the corresponding pathway, and the colours of the bubbles represent the enrichment p-value of the corresponding pathway. The left y-axis shows the Gene Ontology terms. Biological process, cellular component and molecular function are indicated by different colours. Only significantly enriched GO terms (p <0.05) are shown. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 8 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 8. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) validation of selected differentially expressed genes detected in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The expression levels obtained by RT-qPCR are represented in black lines, RT-qPCR data showed the mean values from three replicates, and the error bars represent the SE of the means, while the corresponding expression data for RNA-seq are represented in the white histogram. CN, control; CN + ACh, 10 μM acetylcholine; NaCl, 150 mM NaCl stress; NaCl + ACh, 150 mM NaCl stress plus 10 μM acetylcholine.
Fig. 5 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 5. Heatmap representing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall extensibility of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves as influenced by NaCl alone or in combination with acetylcholine treatment (NaCl + ACh). Red means upregulated expression of genes, and green means downregulated expression of genes. The number in each sample name represents the sample order. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 1. Changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation and production and antioxidant enzyme activity in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves 5 days after treatment with acetylcholine (ACh) under salt stress. (a) leaves were stained with NBT and DAB, (b) Fv/Fm, (c) Superoxide content, (d) Hydrogen peroxide content, (e) Ascorbate peroxidase activity and (d) Catalase activity as influenced by salt stress alone or in combination with ACh treatment. Data are means of three replications ±SE. Means with the same lowercase letters are not significantly different at p <0.05, according to Duncan's multiple range test. CN: control; CN + ACh, 10 μM acetylcholine; NaCl, 150 mM NaCl stress; NaCl + ACh, 150 mM NaCl stress plus 10 μM acetylcholine.
Fig. 7 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 7. Heatmap representing the differentially expressed genes involved in transcription factors extensibility of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves as influenced by NaCl alone or in combination with acetylcholine treatment (NaCl + ACh). Red means upregulated expression of genes, and green means downregulated expression of genes. The number in each sample name represents the sample order. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 4. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment scatter map (p <0.05). The X-axis (Rich Factor) represents the percentage of DEGs belonging to the corresponding pathway.
Freeze-tolerance of poleward-spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
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Data from: Salt tolerance is evolutionarily labile in a diverse set of angiosperm families
Background: Salt tolerance in plants is rare, yet they it is found across a diverse set of taxonomic groups. This suggests that, although salt tolerance involves a complex set of traits, it has evolved many times independently in different angiosperm lineages. However, the pattern of evolution of salt tolerance can vary dramatically between families. A recent phylogenetic study of the Chenopodiaceae (goosefoot family) concluded that salt tolerance has a conserved evolutionary pattern, being gained early in the evolution of the lineage then retained by most species in the family. Conversely, a phylogenetic study of the Poaceae (grass family) suggested over 70 independent origins of salt tolerance, most giving rise to only one or a few salt tolerant species. Here, we use a phylogenetic approach to explore the macroevolutionary patterns of salt tolerance in a sample of angiosperm families, in order to ask whether either of these two patterns - deep and conserved or shallow and labile - represents a common mode of salt tolerance evolution. We analyze the distribution of halophyte species across the angiosperms and identify families with more or less halophytes than expected under a random model. Then, we explore the phylogenetic distribution of halophytes in 22 families using phylogenetic comparative methods. Results: We find that salt tolerance species have been reported from over one-third of angiosperm families, but that salt tolerant species are not distributed evenly across angiosperm families. We find that salt tolerance has evolved hundreds of times over the history of the angiosperms. In a few families, we find deep and conserved origins of evolution of salt tolerance, but in the majority of families analyzed, we find that salt tolerance evolution is characterized by multiple independent origins that occur near the tips of the phylogeny and often give rise to only one or a few halophytes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that salt tolerance is evolutionarily labile in many different angiosperm families. Thus, the evolutionary pattern of many independent origins of salt tolerance near the tips of the phylogeny found previously in the grasses and observed in several other angiosperm families represents a common feature of salt tolerance evolution. Our findings add to the growing literature of the repeated evolution of complex ecological traits.
Long term environmental stability drives reduced stress tolerance in salt lake invertebrates
<p>The capacity of species to tolerate physical stressors is critical in a world of increasing environmental instability, however, past selective environments should dramatically impact on future stress tolerance, particularly in isolated populations. Through stabilising selection, long-term environmental stasis may reduce physiological tolerance, creating an evolutionary legacy where populations are less fit if environments change. Few empirical studies have investigated this evolutionary legacy of past selection, and of particular interest whether stabilising selection in a benign environment reduces stress tolerance in natural systems. Here we use multiple populations of salt-lake invertebrates (<i>Coxiella striata, Austrochiltonia subtenuis</i>) with either stable or fluctuating environmental histories to investigate the relationship between stabilising selection and environmental stress resistance. Tolerance to both salinity and temperature stress were examined in invertebrate populations from lakes with long-term (decadal) stable environments and compared with populations from lakes with extreme salinity variations. Individuals from stable environments demonstrated significantly lower survival under both increasing salinity and temperature stresses when compared with environmentally unstable populations. Our results support the hypothesis that the evolutionary legacy from stabilising selection in constant environments leads to reduced stress tolerance. This finding demonstrates that under an increasingly variable climate, the evolutionary legacies of populations will be critical for future survival and adaptation.</p>
Table 1 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract
<p><b>Table 1</b> Germination percentage (%G) and germination index (GI) of not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds, in presence of 0, 240, and 320 mM NaCl.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>NaCl (mM)</th><th>Seeds</th><th>% G</th><th>GI</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>0</th><td>NP</td><td>100a</td><td>5.22b</td></tr><tr><td>P</td><td>100a</td><td>6.72a</td></tr><tr><th>240</th><td>NP</td><td>51.25c</td><td>1.89d</td></tr><tr><td>P</td><td>66.25b</td><td>2.57c</td></tr><tr><th>320</th><td>NP</td><td>0e</td><td>0f</td></tr><tr><td>P</td><td>10d</td><td>0.33e</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Means with the same letters in a column are not significantly different at p <0.05.</p>
Fig. 9 in Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana
Fig. 9. Differential expressed genes in response to CN, NaCl and NaCl + ACh.
Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Indacaterol Salts in Patients With Asthma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00927901. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 0.
Data from: Incorporating thresholds into understanding salinity tolerance: a study using salt-tolerant plants in salt marshes
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Long term environmental stability drives reduced stress tolerance in salt lake invertebrates
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Data from: Salt tolerance is evolutionarily labile in a diverse set of angiosperm families
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Comprehensive transcriptome profiling and identification of potential genes responsible for salt tolerance in tall fescue leaves under salinity stress
GEO Series GSE119957. Lolium arundinaceum. 3 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Amaranth's transcription factors overexpression, AhERF and AhDOF, increase drought and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
GEO Series GSE77815. Arabidopsis thaliana. 5 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
The Solanum lycopersicum WRKY3 Transcription Factor Regulates Salt Stress Tolerance In Tomato
GEO Series GSE74504. Solanum lycopersicum. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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