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1,142 results for “seedling”
Seedling emergence and biomass data of nine dryland plant species characterizing the impact of soil residual auxin herbicide across two soil types and water pulse events on greenhouse growth; Las Cruces, New Mexico, Spring 2021.
Synthetic-auxin herbicides are often used to control woody plants and aid in grassland restoration. Seed-based restoration is common alongside herbicide applications and there may be unintended effects of these herbicides on dryland plant species at the seed and seedling stages. Additionally, abiotic conditions at the time of herbicide application may influence herbicide-soil-plant interactions. We conducted a greenhouse study to examine the effects of a common shrub-control herbicide mix and its interaction with soil type and a post-herbicide water pulse on common desert plant seeds and seedlings. In this greenhouse study, we found that a subset of species responded negatively to soil residual herbicide activity of a mixture of aminopyralid, clopyralid, and triclopyr at the seed and seedling stages. Species sensitive to soil herbicide residues were primarily shrub and forb species that are often the target species of herbicide applications for woody plant control, such as Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) and Larrea tridentata (creosote bush). However, two shrub species (Atriplex canescens [four-wing saltbush] and Yucca elata [soaptree yucca]) and one perennial grass species (Digitaria californica [Arizona cottontop]), which are used in dryland restoration projects, were found to be particularly sensitive to soil residual herbicide activity. Thus, if using these herbicides to control woody plants and restore herbaceous vegetation via active seeding or relying on the in situ seed bank, considerations should be given to what species are used in the seed mix, what species are already present in the soil seed bank, and other details of the circumstances of herbicide application.
Invasive buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) increases water stress and reduces growth of native foothills palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) seedlings in pot experiments
Although buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) invasions on several continents have significant ecological impacts, little information is available on its effect on seedling emergence and establishment of native vegetation. In highly impacted areas of the Sonoran Desert of North America, perennial plants are particularly vulnerable during their seedling stage. We studied the impact of buffel grass on the emergence, survival, and water stress in the seedlings of a locally dominant native tree, the foothills palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), using two pot experiments. In the first experiment, we compared the germination, growth, and survival of concentric rings of palo verde seedlings around mature individuals of buffel grass, a native shrub of a similar diameter and height to buffel grass, or in a pot with bare soil. In the second experiment, we compared the competitive effects of buffel grass seedlings on palo verde seedlings with the effects of conspecific seedlings, again using germination, growth, and survival as metrics. We followed up both experiments by quantifying the ratio of stable carbon isotopes in the tissues of the palo verde seedlings, which can be an indicator of water stress. We found evidence of relatively greater water stress in palo verde seedlings grown with buffel grass seedlings in pots than those grown with no competitor, and reduced survival of palo verde seedlings when grown with mature buffel grass. Our results highlight the need for more manipulative studies of density to improve mechanistic understanding of population dynamics, and to forecast how populations and communities will respond in the long term to perturbations such as invasion.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Shrub, Seedling and Sapling Density from 1975 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/320/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/530/11. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This study is a survey of the density of tall shrubs, saplings, and seedlings at Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots. Densities have been measured at some sites since 1975 while others began in the mid 1980's. In 2006 methodology was changed in attempt to better capture the spatial variability of shrub and tree species within the research sites. The current method, presented here, uses a 2 meter wide transect along two site boundaries covering 220m2. All seedlings, saplings, and tall shrubs >1m (regardless of species) are counted by species and size class along the transect. The previous method used 4m2 circular plots at 20 points on a 10mx10m grid within the control plot for an area of 80m2. The circular method measured all seedlings, saplings, and a certain set of "tall shrubs", regardless of height. The height requirement creates an issue when comparing the old and new methods for early successional stands. For Alnus and Salix this is likely only a problem in the FP0 sites as they are the only sites with a high density of shrubs shorter than 1m. Shrub community changes at these early successional sites should be analyzed using percent cover data. At the later successional sites most Alnus and Salix shrubs are greater than 1m so the transect method likely does not underrepresent density. The metadata and raw data from the circular method can be found in <a href="http://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/175"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plo
Artificial Communities Experiment: Seedling growth
This study considers the relative role of competition and facilitation in primary succession of the boreal forest floodplain of Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. Alder (Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.) is an early colonist of young floodplain sites, where it contributes greatly to soil development through the addition of nitrogen to the soil. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) typically colonizes such sites later; it becomes established beneath a canopy of alder and willow (Salix spp.) which is sometimes overtopped by young balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). The alder may potentially influence white spruce both positively and negatively. Possible facilitative effects include protection of small seedlings from excess heat or heavy siltation accompanying flooding and addition of soil nitrogen, an effect that may extend for many years. Competition for light (and other resources) before the white spruce has overtopped the alder canopy may prove to be a major negative effects. This study seeks to determine the net balance of these effects on the floodplain successional sequence.
Tree regeneration after fire: Yukon Lodgepole Pine Surveys, seedlings analysis
This dataset documents pre- and post-fire tree composition of stands along the current range edge of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) in the Yukon Territory. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether pine populations at the range edge appear to be expanding in association with fire disturbance. This dataset has been published as: Jill F. Johnstone and F. Stuart Chapin, 2003. Non-equilibrium succession dynamics indicate continued northern migration of lodgepole pine. Global Change Biology, 9(10): 1401-1409. Post-fire seedling count data, made in 2x50m belt transects (all live seedlings/saplings).
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, seedling germination analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains data on seedlings that germinated in the severity plots, for seeded and un-seeded (control) subplots. Data from the control subplots has been standardized by area (seedlings/subplot, where the subplot area=0.28 m2), and could be used to estimate natural rates of seedling establishment. Control values are the same for black and white spruce, as these species could not be distinguished.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, germinated seedlings analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains data on total aboveground dry biomass of germinated seedlings harvested in late August, 2002. Seedlings are separated into those found in seeded subplots (target), non-seeded control plots (ctl), or partially-seeded control plots (seed-ctl, where plots were seeded in Sept 2000 but not June 2000). Cohorts indicate the year in which the seedlings were first observed. All seedlings of a species*cohort within a subplot were weighed together, and the average weight/seedling calculated. Note that a plot entry is included in the file only where a seedling was present.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, transplanted seedlings analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains summary biomass data for seedlings transplanted into field plots in June 2001, and harvested in late August 2002. Data represent current year biomass from 2002 (dry biomass, leaves and stems pooled). Values are average weights/seedling, where most plots had 3 seedlings, but some had fewer due to mortality or problems with planting. Note that there are no data for white spruce at the Carmacks site.
Artificial Communities Experiment: Alder Seedlings
This study considers the relative role of competition and facilitation in primary succession of the boreal forest floodplain of Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. Alder (Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.) is an early colonist of young floodplain sites, where it contributes greatly to soil development through the addition of nitrogen to the soil. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) typically colonizes such sites later; it becomes established beneath a canopy of alder and willow (Salix spp.) which is sometimes overtopped by young balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). The alder may potentially influence white spruce both positively and negatively. Possible facilitative effects include protection of small seedlings from excess heat or heavy siltation accompanying flooding and addition of soil nitrogen, an effect that may extend for many years. Competition for light (and other resources) before the white spruce has overtopped the alder canopy may prove to be a major negative effects. This study seeks to determine the net balance of these effects on the floodplain successional sequence.
Alaska 2004 Burns: Counts of live and dead seedlings of lodgepole pine in a post-fire seeding experiment at 39 sites
This dataset contains counts of emerged seedlings of lodgepole pine from seeds sown in an experimental seeding study. The experiment started in 2005 at sites that burned in 2004 in interior Alaska. Records are from a set of 39 intensive study sites that were formerly dominated by black spruce along the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton highways. Seeds were sown in five 50 x 50 cm quadrats at each site in August 2005 and most emerged in early summer 2005. Seedling counts were measured for 6 years, in 2006, 2007 2008, and 2011. All pine seedlings were removed in 2011.
Fire Self-Limitation (FiSL) Experiment: Quantifying Wildfire Carbon Combustion Losses in boreal Deciduous and Mixed Forests in Interior Alaska and the Boreal Cordillera VIII: Seedling Inventory 2022
This dataset contains characteristics of post-fire seedlings and resprouts collected in the field for plots in 8 fire scars in Interior Alaska and the Yukon. Data was collected in the summer of 2022. Fire scars sampled included Shovel Creek (2019), Aggie Creek (2015), Hess Creek (2019), Baker (2015), Munson Creek (2021), Isom Creek (2020), 2019MA014 (2019), and 2019BC005 (2019).
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Annual measurements on marked northern red oak seedlings, 2014-ongoing
Marked individual northern red oak seedlings were individually marked and mapped at 20 valleywide transects starting in summer 2011. This data set includes detailed seedling measures starting in summer 2014. The data were used to examine the impact of previous year seedling condition on whether the seedling survived in the next season. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Seedling and sapling dynamics of treefall pits and undisturbed florest floor in El Verde, Puerto Rico
Seedling and sapling dynamics in a Puerto Rican rain forest were compared between forest understory and soil pits created by the uprooting of 27 trees during Hurricane Hugo. No difference in N and P levels were found in pit or forest soils under two trees with N-fixing symbionts (Inga laurina and Ormosia krugii) compared to soils under a tree species without N-fixing symbionts (Casearia arborea), but other soil variables ( Al, Fe, K) did vary by tree species. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plant seedling measurements
Seedlings were measured before and after treatments to determine how alterations in canopy openness and detritus affect seedling densities and life histories (growth, mortality, recruitment). It was predicted that plots experiencing canopy openness with detritus removed would have the quickest increase in seedlings (recruitment and growth), especially of early successional (light demanding) species, such as Cecropia. Seedlings in plots that received no canopy manipulation but had detritus deposited is predicted to have near-total mortality initially (low light and high physical inhibition due to detritus). Treatment plots experiencing both canopy manipulation and addition of detritus would initially experience near-total mortality, with some light demanding seedlings establishing and growing through detritus with time. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
LFDP phenology plot seedlings-16 ha plot
These data on temporal and spatial patterns of seedling recruitment in conjunction with data on flower and seed rain production allow tests of hypotheses concerning causes of inter-annual variation and roles of different mechanisms in facilitating species coexistence. The data are being used to, among other things 1) quantify seasonal and inter-annual variation in reproductive output in tropical plant populations and communities; 2) analyze relationships between reproduction and a variety of hypothesized local and regional climate drivers; 3) evaluate evidence for long-term directional trends which could reflect responses to anthropogenic global change; 4) quantify spatiotemporal variation in seed arrival and seedling recruitment of individual species; 5) analyze associated evidence of recruitment limitation, life history trade-offs, density dependent recruitment and regeneration niche partitioning; and 6) evaluate how these processes interact with inter-annual variation in climate and plant reproduction. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Larrea Seedling Monitoring Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1999-2018)
The germination rate of creosote (Larrea tridentata) on the Sevilleta appears to be very low. During the early years of the LTER project it was attempted to quantify such germination through the use of seedling plots which were monitored on a bi-annual basis (spring and fall). During the period from 1989 through 1992 there were no creosote seedling that germinated on the monitoring plots. In 1999 a rather sizeable population of small seedlings was observed in one quite localized area in the vicinity of Five Points. This rather large number of individuals in one very limited area raised several questions:1. When did this small community of individuals germinate- the supposition is that they had all germinated at the same time.2. What conditions existed in this particular location which allowed such prolific germination when there was no indication of virtually any other germination in this vicinty.3. The most immediate question was whether these seedlings would survive through the impending La Nina winter, spring and summer as many of the individuals did not appear to be very "healthy." To help answer these questions it was decided to begin a "small" monitoring project. All of the individuals in this small area that appeared to be of the same age were marked with posts, located with GPS, measured (height) and photographed. This initial survey included 78 individuals. The population was resurveyed in August, 2000 and it was discovered that: 1. Many individuals were missed in the initial survey; 2. Most of the individuals (72 of 78) had survived the intervening 9 months; and 3. The average individual growth during this period was 1.4 cm. It is planned that this population will continue to be monitored (probably on an annual basis) to track survival and growth rate of these individuals.
Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LD-LTP MSI) of tobacco seedlings
<p>Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data set in imzML format, of complete tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>) seedling using Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma ionization. Mapping the ion that corresponds to nicotine shows accumulation in the roots and at the borders of leaves.</p> <p>The experiment is described in:</p> <p>Elucidating the Distribution of Plant Metabolites from Native Tissues with Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Abigail Moreno-Pedraza, Ignacio Rosas-Román, Nancy Shyrley Garcia-Rojas, Héctor Guillén-Alonso, Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez, David Díaz-Ramírez, Jessica Cuevas-Contreras, Fredd Vergara, Nayelli Marsch-Martínez, Jorge Molina-Torres, and Robert Winkler, Analytical Chemistry <strong>2019</strong> <em>91</em> (4), 2734-2743</p>
Root phytohormone levels of mangrove seedlings grown in soils of low and high bulk density
<p>These data contain information on root traits and concentrations of multiple hormones in root tissue of two mangrove species grown under low and high soil bulk density conditions. Inhibitors were used to assess the role of the phytohormone ethylene.</p> <h2>Description of the data and file structure</h2> <p>The root trait file contains total root length (cm), mean root length (cm), root dry weight (g), and root number data for two mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa) grown under two different soil bulk densities: 0.2 and 1.0 g cm^-3. Treatment refers to the application of ethylene inhibitors (CoCl2: cobalt chloride, AIB: aminoisobutyric acid, control).</p> <p>The phytohormone file contains the root tissue concentrations (all in ng g^-1) for multiple hormones (ABA: abscisic acid, ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, GAx: gibberellins, IAA: indole-3-acetic acid, iP: isopentenyl adenine, JA: jasmonic acid, SA: salicylic acid, tZ: cytokinin <em>trans</em>-zeatin) of two mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa) grown under two different soil bulk densities: 0.2 and 1.0 g cm^-3. Treatment refers to the application of ethylene inhibitors (CoCl2: cobalt chloride, AIB: aminoisobutyric acid, control).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset from : Browsing is a strong filter for savanna tree seedlings in their first growing season
<p>1: Newly germinated seedlings are vulnerable to biomass removal but usually have at least six months to grow before they are exposed to dry-season fires, a major disturbance in savannas. In contrast, plants are exposed to browsers from the time they germinate, making browsing potentially a very powerful bottleneck for establishing seedlings. 2: Here we assess the resilience of seedlings of 10 savanna tree species to top-kill during the first 6 months of growth. Newly-germinated seeds from four dominant African genera from across the rainfall gradient were planted in a common garden experiment at the Wits Rural Facility and clipped at 1 cm when they were ~2, 3, 4, and 5 months old. Survival, growth, and key plant traits were monitored for the following 2.5 years. 3: Seedlings from environments with high herbivory pressure survived top-kill at a younger age than those from low-herbivore environments, and more palatable genera had higher herbivore-tolerance. Most individuals that survived were able to recover lost biomass within 12 months, but the clipping treatment affected root mass fraction and branching patterns. 4: Synthesis: The impact of early browsing as a demographic bottleneck can be predicted by integrating information on the probability of being browsed and the probability of surviving a browse event. Establishment limitation through early-browsing is an under-recognised constraint on savanna tree species distributions. Data may be used without requesting permission after the the publication of the paper</p>
Seedling Dynamics Demography Data, from the Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Ecuador, 2002-2019
Seedling demography data are provided in annual censuses of 600 seedling plots in an equatorial, ever-wet rainforest in eastern Ecuador, in Yasuní National Park. This long-term study uses standardized methodology from the Smithsonian ForestGEO network of plots, and in particular coordination with similar studies in Luquillo, Puerto Rico, and Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We address hypotheses about the maintenance of forest diversity and long-term variation, and link our data to companion studies of flowering and fruiting phenology and sapling and adult dynamics in the Yasuní Forest Dynamics 50-ha Plot. The project is ongoing, and additional data will be added as they are processed.
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