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64 results for “size at maturity”
Data from: High synchrony in size at maturity of Atlantic salmon over a large geographical scale
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Data from: Morphological and functional maturity of the oral jaws covary with offspring size in Trinidadian guppies
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Ectotherm size- and age-at-maturity in a warmer, variable, and resource-poor world
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Data and code from: The evolution of developmental thresholds and reaction norms for age and size at maturity
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Data from: Tropical trees in a wind-exposed island ecosystem: height-diameter allometry and size at onset of maturity
1. Tropical tree species adapted to high wind environments might be expected to differ systematically in terms of stem allometry and life-history patterns, as compared with species found in less windy forests. We quantified height-diameter (H-D) allometries and relative size at onset of maturity (RSOM) for rainforest tree and tree fern species native to Dominica, West Indies, an island that experiences some of the highest average wind speeds pantropically. 2. H-D allometries for 17 Dominican angiosperm tree species were strongly concave on a log-log scale with asymptotic heights ranging from 9-32 m among species, averaging 25 m for canopy trees. H-D allometries for species-pooled data deviated strongly from recorded patterns for other tropical forest trees: asymptotic heights for trees in Dominica were 30-116% lower than those recorded for continental rainforest trees in Australia, South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. In a subset of canopy trees sampled in steep, sheltered valleys, heights were 12-26% larger at a given diameter, and approached those observed in other tropical regions, suggesting large phenotypic responses of H-D allometries to wind conditions. 3. RSOM (quantified as the ratio of height at onset of reproduction to asymptotic maximum height) for Dominican angiosperm species was highly variable, ranging from 0.23-0.89 (mean 0.54), similar to patterns observed in Malaysia and Panama; very low RSOM values were estimated for two tree fern species. Pooling data from Dominica with published values from other tropical forests, we observed a significant negative correlation between RSOM and wood density. 4. Synthesis: Our data suggest that wind regimes are a critical determinant of height-diameter (H-D) allometries of tropical trees at both the local and global scale. Although we found no evidence for a systematic differences in reproductive onset related to wind regime, RSOM was negatively correlated with species' wood density, suggesting that more shade-tolerant tree species show a longer period of gradually increasing reproductive allocation through ontogeny.
Data from: Spatial variability in size at maturity of golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) and implications for fisheries management
Many crab fisheries around the world are managed by size, sex and season, where males are given at least one opportunity to reproduce before being harvested. Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus) supports a commercial fishery in Southeast Alaska and legal size is based on growth and maturity information from other parts of their range. Size at maturity estimates varied for crabs among seven management areas in Southeast Alaska, where male maturity estimates increased in size with increases in latitude while maturity estimates across their North Pacific range decreased in size with increases in latitude. Depth, temperature, and harvest history were not related to variation observed in male maturity estimates. Management implications from this research include reducing legal size in some areas to maximize harvest potential and increasing in others to allow male crab the opportunity to reproduce before being harvested. A more conservative strategy would incorporate the largest maturity estimate thus, increasing the legal size which would have a negative impact to the commercial fishery, but allow male crab the opportunity to reproduce before being harvested. This study shows the importance of understanding how life history characteristics change over space and the challenge incorporating spatial variability for improved fisheries management.
Data from: Mature male parr contribution to the effective size of an anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population over 30 years
We describe temporal changes in the genetic composition of a small anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population from South Newfoundland, an area where salmon populations are considered threatened (COSEWIC 2010). We examined the genetic variability (13 microsatellite loci) in 869 out-migrating smolt and post-spawning kelt samples, collected from 1985 to 2011 for a total of 22 annual collections and a 30 year span of assigned cohorts. We estimated the annual effective number of breeders (Nb) and the generational effective population size (Ne) through genetic methods and demographically using the adult sex ratio. Comparisons between genetic and demographic estimates show that the adult spawners inadequately explain the observed Ne estimates, suggesting that mature male parr are significantly increasing Nb and Ne over the study period. Spawning as parr appears to be a viable and important strategy in the near absence of adult males.
Data from: Temperature-related variation in growth rate, size, maturation, and lifespan in a marine herbivorous fish over a latitudinal gradient
1. In ectotherms, growth rate, body size, and maturation rate co-vary with temperature, with the direction and magnitude of variation predicted by the Temperature-Size Rule (TSR). Nutritional quality or availability of food, however, may vary over latitudinal gradients, resulting in ambiguous effects on body size and maturation rate. The Temperature-Constraint Hypothesis (TCH) predicts that marine herbivorous ectotherms are nutritionally compromised at latitudes exceeding 30o. This provides an opportunity to resolve the contrasting demographic responses of ectotherms to variation in temperature and nutritional status over latitudinal gradients. 2. This study uses analysis of demographic rates to evaluate the predictions of the TSR in a marine herbivorous ectotherm sampled over a significant latitudinal gradient. 3. The direction and magnitude of demographic variation was established in the marine herbivorous fish, Odax pullus (the butterfish), and compared with that of a phylogenetically related but trophically distinct species, the carnivorous Notolabrus fucicola (the banded wrasse). Both species were sampled at three locations across the length of New Zealand covering latitudes between 35oS and 49oS. Growth rate, mean size-at-age, age- and size-at-maturity, lifespan, and abundance were estimated for each species at each location. 4. Demographic traits of both taxa varied with latitude. Both species showed slower initial growth rates, and matured later at a larger body size at higher latitudes than populations sampled at lower latitudes. In addition, abundances increased significantly at higher latitudes in both species. 5. These results were consistent with the TSR but not the TCH, confirming that nutritional ecology (herbivore vs. carnivory) did not determine demographic patterns over a biologically significant latitudinal gradient. Results from this study suggest that the absence of herbivorous reef fishes from the higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere may not reflect a general physiological mechanism as suggested by the TCH, and highlights the need to clarify the evolutionary histories of the marine biotas of each hemisphere.
FIGURE 7 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 7. Size (in mm SL) and maturity information for Azygopus flemingi collected from various locations in marine waters off New Zealand. A. Summary of size information for 122 specimens (sexes combined). B. Summary of size and maturity information for males. C. Summary of size and maturity information for females.
FIGURE 3 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 3. Shape and position of upper jaw relative to ventral margin of orbit of non-migrated eye and presence or absence of wedge-shaped patch of scales between eye and jaw in two species of Azygopus. A. Azygopus flemingi. Note: little or no space between most of jaw and orbit, except posterior end of jaw slightly angled away from orbital rim, and absence of scales between ventral margin of orbit and dorsal margin of jaw. B. Azygopus pinnifasciatus. Note: 1) posterior region of upper jaw angled farther away from ventral margin of orbit; 2) gradually widening space posteriorly between upper jaw and orbit; and 3) lachrymal area over posterior half of upper jaw with wedge-shaped patch of scales (1–3 scales) between upper jaw and ventral rim of orbit.
FIGURE 6 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 6. Ocular-side color patterns featuring ring-shaped markings in addition to extensive spotting found in some Azygopus flemingi. A. NMNZ P.039604, 63.1 mm SL; juvenile female; Southern Norfolk Ridge (34º37.4417'S, 168º57.5667'E); 521–539 m; 03 Jun 2003. B. NMNZ P.032831, 112.4 mm SL; small adult female; Bay of Plenty, Southern Colville Ridge (36º57.750'S, 176º16.890'E); 405 m; 26 September 1995.
FIGURE 2 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 2. Sexual dimorphism in ocular-side nostrils and nasal capsules of mature Azygopus flemingi. A. Female. B. Male.
FIGURE 5 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 5. More recently-collected specimens of Azygopus flemingi Nielsen, 1961 from several locations in marine waters off New Zealand. A. Ocular side of NMNZ P.042401 (123.1 mm SL; female), North Auckland east of Cuvier Island/Colville Channel (36º25.40'S, 176º11.050'E), 422–423 m, 30 May 2006. B. Blind side of Azygopus flemingi (NMNZ P.042401). C. Ocular side of NMNZ P.031030 (122.4 mm SL; female), Hawke's Bay east of Cape Kidnappers (39º50.80'S, 177º28.780'E), 419–450 m, 16 January 1994.
FIGURE 9 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 9. Depth of capture information for 194 specimens of Azygopus flemingi collected in marine waters off New Zealand.
FIGURE 4 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 4. Scales from mid-region of blind side of body in two species of Azygopus. A. Azygopus flemingi (NMNZ P42401; 123.1 mm SL) collected off New Zealand. B. Azygopus pinnifasciatus (AMS I.27065–01; 133.6 mm SL) collected off southern Australia. Note also pepperdot pigmentation over proximal regions of scales. (See text for full explanation of diagnostic differences between species in their blind-side scales).
FIGURE 10 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 10. Radiographs of two species of Azygopus. A. Holotype (ZMUC P853105, 91 mm SL) of Azygopus flemingi Nielsen, 1961, Tasman Sea off the South Island of New Zealand (42º10'S, 170º10'E; 610 m). B. Holotype (AMS E.3600, 128.2 mm SL) of Azygopus pinnifasciatus Norman, 1926, off southern Australia. Red arrows indicate interneural spaces where three pterygiophores are inserted; black arrows indicate interneural spaces where two pterygiophores are inserted.
FIGURE 12 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 12. Specimens of Azygopus pinnifasciatus Norman, 1926. A. Ocular side of holotype (AMS E.3600, 128.2 mm SL), Great Australian Bight, southwest of Eucla in 1913. B. Ocular side of A. pinnifasciatus (AMS I.27065-001, 133.6 mm SL), off Ulladella, New South Wales (35º29'S, 150º46'E) in 1986. C. Blind side of AMS I.27065-001.
FIGURE 8 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 8. Capture locations of Azygopus flemingi around New Zealand. Capture site of holotype and two paratypes indicated by black star; specimens examined in present study indicated by red triangles; specimens not examined but identifications deemed reliable indicated by white circles. Points on map may indicate more than one collection.
FIGURE 11 in The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
FIGURE 11. Comparisons of selected morphometric features for Azygopus flemingi from New Zealand waters and A. pinnifasciatus from waters off southern and southeastern Australia. A. Upper Jaw Length (as percent of SL) versus SL. B. Eye diameter (as percent of SL) versus SL. C. Scatter-plot comparing length of blind-side pectoral fin as percent of Standard Length (SL) versus Standard Length.
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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