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112 results for “soil CO2”
Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from a Central Iowa crop field and accompanying soil edaphic and climatic variables.
To quantify the magnitude of soil nitrous oxide flux and the drivers of nitrous oxide emissions in a representative central Iowa corn-soybean agricultural system, we measured greenhouse gas emissions (N2O and CO2) from 2017 to 2019 (primarily using custom automated chambers) along with soil chemical and physical parameters across a topographic gradient in a typically managed agricultural field near Ames, Iowa, USA. More details can be found in the associated manuscript, Lawrence et al. (2021).
Soil temperature, volumetric water content and depth of thaw for ITEX CO2 flux survey plots 2003-2009.
Soil temperature, moisture content and thaw depth of the ITEX flux survey plots. Survey plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard; in the Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland; at BEO near Barrow, Alaska and at the Anaktuvuk River Burn in Alaska. Measurements were made during the growing seasons 2003 to 2009.
Profiles of 0-50 cm soil CO2 and N2O concentrations collected in the CPCRW from 1998-2002
This table contains concentrations (ppmv) of CO2 and N2O measured at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm depths below the soil surface in closed-canopy black spruce and mixed hardwood sites (@ 3 replicate sites) in the Caribou Poker Creeks Research Watershed. Samples were taken at weekly or bi-weekly intervals from two profiles in each site during growing seasons from June 1, 1999 through September 17, 2002. This period brackets the Frostfire burn of July 1999; because the fire missed the planned burn sites in mixed hardwoods, the mixed hardwood plots were moved (reflected in the site numbering in the database).
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Growing season soil profile CO2 production at 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm, 2005-2007.
This dataset contains CO2 concentrations, diffusion coefficient, and soil CO2 fluxes at each depth interval and soil CO2 production at each replicate. The data were collected during the growing season as well as shoulder seasons.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Off Plot Soil Incubation By Depth II - Soil CO2 Fluxes 2013-2014
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. We investigated C and nitrogen (N) mineralization within the soil profile by incubating soil cores collected adjacent to (but not within) the CiPEHR site. These soil cores spanned the entire active layer and approximately 30 cm of permafrost. Soil cores were separated into 10 cm depth intervals and incubated for 241 days at 15 degC and field moisture was maintained with water additions. This dataset contains CO2 flux rates measured periodically throughout the incubation.
Soil carbon flux: BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Soil pH: BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Radiocarbon content of soil carbon and respired CO2 near T-Van from 2012 to 2015, Seasonal
To test the hypothesis that old carbon may be contributing to the carbon source strength of alpine tundra near T-Van, a chamber (growing season) and two types of subsurface gas wells (remainder of the year) were used to collect respired carbon dioxide samples for radiocarbon analysis from four locations across a soil moisture gradient near T-Van between 2012 and 2015. Near surface soil samples (~10 cm depth) from each site were additionally collected and density fractionated in order to model the contribution of various carbon pools to respired carbon fluxes on a seasonal basis through time. All samples were purified and graphitized by the INSTAAR Laboratory for AMS Radiocarbon Preparation and Research at the University of Colorado Boulder, then shipped to the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Lab at the University of California, Irvine for analysis.
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Amount of seedlings germinated from surface soil of Open Top Chamber plots on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. At the end of the Open Top Chamber study, surface soil was removed from each of the 9 plots, and placed in flats in a greenhouse; mist irrigated frequently, and germinated seedlings were identified by species, to get an idea of the available seed bank after 5 years. There was a great amount of variability; overall there was an increase in seeds in the chambered plots. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
Dataset: Ideas and perspectives: patterns of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes along an altitudinal gradient - a pilot study from an Ecuadorian neotropical montane forest
<p>These datasets contain data from (i) soil CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4,</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O flux measurements (ii) physicochemical soil properties, and (iii) soil temperature and moisture of four tropical forests located on the western flanks of the Andes in northern Ecuador.</p> <p>A manuscript using these datasets has been submitted to Biogeosciences under the title: <strong><em>"Ideas and perspectives: patterns of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes along an altitudinal gradient - a pilot study from an Ecuadorian neotropical montane forest"</em></strong>.</p>
Plant biomass, not plant economics traits, determines responses of soil CO2 efflux to precipitation in the C4 grass Panicum virgatum
<p>1. Plant responses to major environmental drivers like precipitation can influence important aspects of carbon (C) cycling like soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux (J<sub>CO2</sub>). These responses may be predicted by two independent classes of drivers: plant size—larger plants respire more and produce a larger quantity of labile C, and plant economics—plants possessing more acquisitive plant economics strategies (i.e., high metabolic rate and tissue nutrient content) produce higher-quality tissue that respires rapidly and decomposes quickly.</p> <p>2. At two sites in central Texas, USA with similar climates and differing soil characteristics, we examined the response of eight <i>Panicum virgatum</i> genotypes to three annual precipitation levels defined by the driest, average, and wettest years from each site's precipitation history. We evaluated the individual and joint influence of plant genotypes and precipitation on J<sub>CO2</sub> and traits related to plant economics and plant size. We then used confirmatory path analysis to evaluate whether effects of precipitation on J<sub>CO2</sub> were in part related to effects of precipitation on plant economics traits or size ('mediated' effects).</p> <p>3. These genotypes exhibited variation in plant economics traits and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), an aboveground measure of plant size. Increasing precipitation increased J<sub>CO2</sub> and ANPP more than plant economics traits. At both sites, ANPP was the single best predictor of J<sub>CO2</sub>. Moreover, the sites differed in the ways that plant size and plant economics traits combined with precipitation to influence J<sub>CO2</sub>. At the Austin site, the positive effect of precipitation on J<sub>CO2</sub> was mediated primarily by ANPP, offset by a smaller effect of leaf nitrogen content; no direct precipitation effect was detected. At the Temple site, increasing precipitation had positive direct and ANPP-mediated effects on J<sub>CO2</sub>. This suggests that greater water limitation at Austin may strengthen the links between plant size and J<sub>CO2</sub>.</p> <p>4. Synthesis Estimates of C cycling can be improved by accounting for mediation of precipitation effects on J<sub>CO2</sub> by plant economics traits and plant size in resource-limited environments.</p>
Estimates of soil nutrient limitation on the CO2 fertilization effect for tropical vegetation
<p>Data for CO2 fertilization experiments and CMIP6 model simulations used in publication: "Estimates of soil nutrient limitation on the CO2 fertilization effect for tropical vegetation"</p>
Soil disturbance and invasion magnify CO2 effects on grassland productivity, reducing diversity
<p>Climate change, disturbance, and plant invasion threaten grassland ecosystems, but their combined and interactive effects are poorly understood. Here, we examine how the combination of disturbance and plant invasion influences the sensitivity of mixedgrass prairie to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) and warming. We established subplots of intact prairie and disturbed/invaded prairie within a free-air CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment (to 600 ppmv) by infrared warming (+1.5 °C day, 3 °C night) experiment and followed plant and soil responses for five years. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> initially led to moderate increases in biomass and plant diversity in both intact and disturbed/invaded prairie, but these effects shifted due to strong eCO<sub>2</sub> responses of the invasive forb <em>Centaurea diffusa</em>. In the final three years, biomass responses to eCO<sub>2</sub> in disturbed/invaded prairie were 10 times as large as those in intact prairie (+186% vs. +18%), resulting in reduced rather than increased plant diversity (-17% vs. +10%). At the same time, warming interacted with disturbance/invasion and year, reducing the rate of topsoil carbon recovery following disturbance. The strength of these interactions demonstrates the need to incorporate disturbance into predictions of climate change effects. In contrast to expectations from studies in intact ecosystems, eCO<sub>2</sub> may threaten plant diversity in ecosystems subject to soil disturbance and invasion.</p>
Partitioning of water and CO2 fluxes at NEON sites into soil and plant components: a five-year dataset for spatial and temporal analysis
<p>This dataset includes estimates of transpiration, evaporation, soil respiration, and plant net photosynthesis obtained using five partitioning approaches. Flux components are available at 47 NEON sites over a period of five years. Additional meteorological inputs and water-use efficiency data are also included.</p>
Congo Basin forest soil CO2, CH4 and N2O flux data.
<p><span>Tropical forests play an important role in the greenhouse gas exchange between biosphere and atmosphere. Despite holding the second largest tropical forest globally, the Congo basin is generally understudied and ground based greenhouse gas flux data are lacking. In this study, high frequency measurements spanning of sixteen months from automated and manual soil chambers are combined, to characterize spatio-temporal variability in soil greenhouse gas fluxes from a lowland tropical forest in Yangambi, in the Congo Basin. </span></p>
Data from: Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield in Ecosystems
<p>Data from: Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield in Ecosystems</p>
Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peatland forests [dataset]
<p>This contains the forest floor soil respiration data and the water level data used in the model simulations in the paper titled "Modelling alternative harvest effects on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peatland forests " (Li et al, 2024; <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175257</a>)</p>
Mycorrhizal effects on decomposition and soil CO2 flux depend on changes in nitrogen availability during forest succession
<p>Mycorrhizal fungi play a central role in plant nutrition and nutrient cycling, yet our understanding on their effects on free-living microbes, soil carbon (C) decomposition and soil CO2 fluxes remains limited.</p> <p>Here we used trenches lined with mesh screens of varying sizes to isolate mycorrhizal hyphal effects on soil C dynamics in subtropical successional forests.</p> <p>We found that the presence of mycorrhizal hyphae suppressed soil CO2 fluxes by 17% in early-successional forests, but enhanced CO2 losses by 20% and 32% in mid- and late-successional forests, respectively. The inhibitory effects of mycorrhizal fungi on soil CO2 fluxes in the young stands were associated with changes in soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and microbial activities, suggesting that competition between mycorrhizae and saprotrophs for N likely suppressed soil C decomposition. In the mid- and late-successional stands, mycorrhizal enhancement of CO2 release from soil likely resulted from both hyphal respiration and mycorrhizal-induced acceleration of organic matter decay.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our results highlight the sensitivity of mycorrhizal fungi-saprotroph interactions to shifts in nutrient availability and demand, with important consequences for soil carbon dynamics particularly in ecosystems with low nutrient conditions. Incorporating such interactions into models should improve the simulations of forest biogeochemical cycles under global change.</p>
Spectral data associated to the publication: "Reflectance study of ice and Mars soil simulant associations—II. CO2 and H2O ice" by Z. Yoldi et al. (Icarus 386, 2022)
<p>This is the complete set of experimental VIS-NIR reflectance data collected by Z. Yoldi and co-authors for the article "Reflectance study of ice and Mars soil simulant associations—II. CO2 and H2O ice" published in Icarus 386 (2022). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115116.</p> <p>A pre-print of the article is also freely available on ArXiv:</p> <p>https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.13905</p> <p>The article provides the methodology for the spectral aquisitions, discussion of the errors and uncertainties, analysis of the spectra and implications for the composition of Solar System surfaces.</p> <p>The spectral data are organised in folders corresponding to the different types of experiments detailed in the article. In case both hyperspectral and multispectral data were acquired, they are organised in subfolders.</p> <p>The spectral files inside these folders and subfolders have the following naming convention:</p> <p>spectrum_YYYYMMDD_experiment_name_TYPE_XX_YYY.csv</p> <p>Where TYPE is either multi (multispectral) or hyper (hyperspectral), XX indicates different samples within the experiment (see paper, figures and tables) and YYY is a sequential number in case of a temporal evolution (sublimation experiment in "20180207_ternary_mixture" with 12 timesteps).</p> <p> The files are in csv format (columns separated by comma) and the content of each column is indicated in the first line (header).</p>
Exploring Soil Exchangeable Cations and Auditing the Potential of Phoenix dactylifera and Mangifera indica in CO2 Sequestration into Soil Biomass in a Naturally Occurring Tree Patches Using Infrared Gas Analyzer
<p><em>Soil Exchangeable Cations (EC) were audited, and the potential of economic trees in atmospheric CO2 sequestration into soil biomass was investigated. . The experiment indicated that economic trees are perfect for CO2 sequestration. </em></p>
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