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105 results for “southern Appalachians”
Interactive effects of hemlock mortality and nitrogen availability on nutrient pools and fluxes in the southern Appalachian mountains from 2009 to 2011
The impacts of exotic insects and pathogens on forest ecosystems are increasingly recognized, yet the factors influencing the magnitude of effects remain poorly understood. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) exerts strong control on nitrogen (N) dynamics, and its loss due to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is expected to affect nutrient dynamics in impacted stands. We evaluated the potential for variation in N availability to influence the magnitude of effects of hemlock decline on N and P dynamics in mixed hardwood stands. We measured N and P pools and fluxes at three elevations (low, mid, high) subjected to increasing atmospheric N deposition where hemlock was declining or absent (as reference) in western North Carolina. Specifically, this study was conducted at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, a USDA Forest Service experimental forest in the southern Appalachian mountains of western North Carolina, USA from October 2009 to February 2011.
Stream fish assemblage stability in a southern Appalachian stream at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1984 to 1995
Stream fish abundance data was collected seasonally in three 30m sections of stream from 1984 to 1995. Population estimates were obtained using electrofishing (3 pass removal). Habitat availability measurements were recorded biannually along with the electrofishing data starting in fall 1988. Data was collected each fall and spring from 1988-1995, in order to examine changes in fish assemblage structure along the habitat gradient. We used strong inference with Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) to assess the processes capable of explaining long-term (1984–1995) variation in the per capita rate of change of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) populations in the Coweeta Creek drainage (USA). We sampled two fourth- and one fifth-order sites (BCA [uppermost], BCB, and CC [lowermost]) along a downstream gradient, and the study encompassed extensive flow variation.
Dynamics of summer stream temperature in the southern Appalachian Mountains following the removal of riparian rhododendron, 2014 to 2016.
Summer stream temperature was monitored at numerous locations along four streams before, and after, experimentally removing rhododendron from the riparian zones in 2014 to 2016. Two sites, Kit Springs (KS) and Rocky Bald (RB) were left unmanipulated as reference watersheds throughout the course of the study. Holloway (HW) and Split White Oak (SWO) served as the treatment watersheds, upon which rhododendron was removed. All sites are in the Nantahala National Forest, within in the White Oak Creek Watershed, which is apart of the Nantahala River drainage.
Data from: An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid, indirectly impacts Louisiana Waterthrush nest site selection and nest survival in the southern Appalachians
<p>Eastern hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) is declining throughout the eastern United States due to hemlock woolly adelgid (<i>Adelges tsugae</i> Annand), an invasive insect from Asia. In the southern Appalachians, hemlock is concentrated in moist ravines and its decline threatens riparian ecosystems. Previous research on this invasion has focused on adelgid control and how hemlock decline affects community composition or forest processes; few studies have evaluated the consequences for demography of obligate riparian species. The Louisiana Waterthrush (<i>Parkesia motacilla</i>) is an obligate riparian species that could be sensitive to hemlock condition in this region, but how individuals respond to decline is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged recent adelgid treatment efforts in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to evaluate the relationship(s) between hemlock decline and waterthrush habitat selection (foraging and nest site) and vital rates (nest and adult survival). We found that hemlock decline was unrelated to foraging habitat selection and apparent adult survival, but was related to nest site selection through an interaction with percent ground cover of exposed live tree roots: birds selected for nest sites in areas with more exposed live roots but only when hemlock were in poor condition. Nest survival was lower in areas where deciduous species (vs. evergreen species) dominated the understory, suggesting that adelgid invasion could indirectly impact waterthrush fitness depending on how vegetative succession proceeds following hemlock decline. Our results suggest that the short-term consequences of adelgid invasion on this riparian avian species are minimal in this area, but these relationships are likely dynamic and dependent on local habitat features and the predator community response to hemlock decline.Eastern hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) is declining throughout the eastern United States due to hemlock woolly adelgid (<i>Adelges tsugae</i> Annand), an invasive insect from Asia. In the southern Appalachians, hemlock is concentrated in moist ravines and its decline threatens riparian ecosystems. Previous research on this invasion has focused on adelgid control and how hemlock decline affects community composition or forest processes; few studies have evaluated the consequences for demography of obligate riparian species. The Louisiana Waterthrush (<i>Parkesia motacilla</i>) is an obligate riparian species that could be sensitive to hemlock condition in this region, but how individuals respond to decline is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged recent adelgid treatment efforts in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to evaluate the relationship(s) between hemlock decline and waterthrush habitat selection (foraging and nest site) and vital rates (nest and adult survival). We found that hemlock decline was unrelated to foraging habitat selection and apparent adult survival, but was related to nest site selection through an interaction with percent ground cover of exposed live tree roots: birds selected for nest sites in areas with more exposed live roots but only when hemlock were in poor condition. Nest survival was lower in areas where deciduous species (vs. evergreen species) dominated the understory, suggesting that adelgid invasion could indirectly impact waterthrush fitness depending on how vegetative succession proceeds following hemlock decline. Our results suggest that the short-term consequences of adelgid invasion on this riparian avian species are minimal in this area, but these relationships are likely dynamic and dependent on local habitat features and the predator community response to hemlock decline.</p>
Leprocaulon beechingii (Leprocaulaceae), a new species from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
<p><i>Leprocaulon beechingii</i> is described as new to science based on collections from exposed rock outcrops in the southern Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America. Taxonomic placement in <i>Leprocaulon</i>, and delimitation from other members of the genus with usnic acid, is supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and mtSSU sequence data. The species is readily recognized by its occurrence on non-calcareous rocks, <i>normandinoides</i>-type placodioid thallus, and the production of usnic acid and zeorin.</p>
Data from: Biogeographical evidence for common vicariance and rare dispersal in a southern Appalachian harvestman (Sabaconidae, Sabacon cavicolens)
Aim: Species or higher taxa that are obviously dispersal-limited, but which occupy large geographical distributions, represent a biogeographical paradox. Dispersal must have happened, likely under special and infrequent environmental conditions, but details have been lost to history. The overarching goal of our research is to understand the details of a 'common vicariance, rare dispersal' biogeographical history in a widespread but habitat-specialized harvestman species (Sabacon cavicolens) with a southern Appalachian centre of distribution. Location: Eastern North America, southern Appalachians. Methods: We assessed cryptic speciation using mitochondrial and nuclear gene DNA sequence data, testing alternative delimitation hypotheses using multispecies coalescent analyses. We also tested whether riverine barriers are associated with mitochondrial genealogical structuring, focusing on multiple rivers in the southern Blue Ridge physiographical province. Finally, we conducted population genetic analyses to assess female-based range expansion out of the southern Blue Ridge. Results: Genetic analyses suggest a large number of species-level lineages within S. cavicolens, although we prefer a more conservative three-species hypothesis. These putative species are geographically cohesive and allopatric (Ozarks, Cumberland Plateau, southern Blue Ridge), with the Blue Ridge species including multiple divergent mitochondrial haplogroups. Several genealogical breaks in the Blue Ridge species coincide with riverine barriers, separating mostly allopatric mitochondrial lineages. Contrasting with evidence for constrained gene flow and vicariance, two Blue Ridge haplogroups reveal extensive range expansion both northwards and westwards, resulting in the widespread distribution of closely related haplotypes, and occasional sympatry of dispersive haplotypes. Main Conclusions: Hidden beneath the apparently widespread distribution of a single species is a history of old vicariance separating geographically disjunct cryptic species. How these lineages came to occupy such disparate geographies is illustrated by dynamics within the Blue Ridge species, where both in situ vicariance and long-distance dispersal have shaped a 'common vicariance, rare dispersal' biogeographical history.
Leprocaulon beechingii (Leprocaulaceae), a new species from the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
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Data from: The role of glacial‐interglacial climate change in shaping the genetic structure of eastern subterranean termites in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA
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Data from: Within-reach temperature heterogeneity is limited in a southern Appalachian stream network, southeastern USA
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Data from: An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid, indirectly impacts Louisiana Waterthrush nest site selection and nest survival in the southern Appalachians
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Data from: Biogeographical evidence for common vicariance and rare dispersal in a southern Appalachian harvestman (Sabaconidae, Sabacon cavicolens)
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Ecotone might provide key refugium for sky island mammals in the Southern Appalachian Mountains
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Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian mountains in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 to 1994
The seasonal dynamics of root mass were measured on five gradient plots by harvesting roots.
FIGURE 3 in Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA
FIGURE 3. Sams Creek in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Blount County, Tennessee, USA, on 5 June 2020, a representative habitat and collection site of Polycentropus dinkinsorum n. sp. Inset is a map of North America indicating site position (circle).
FIGURE 1. Polycentropus dinkinsorum n in Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA
FIGURE 1. Polycentropus dinkinsorum n. sp., male genitalia. 1A, left lateral (with phallus removed). 1B, dorsal. 1C, segment IX and inferior appendages, ventral. 1D, phallus, left lateral. Abbreviations: d.p. = dorsobasal process of a preanal appendage (paired); hl. p. = horn-like apical projection of terga IX+X; inf. app. = inferior appendage (paired); int. app. = intermediate appendage (paired); IX+X = combined terga IX + X; mv. prot. = mesoventral protuberance; ph. sc. = phallic sclerite; pre. app. = preanal appendage (paired); s.IX = sternum IX.
FIGURE 2 in Polycentropus dinkinsorum (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a newly described caddisfly species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA
FIGURE 2. Current recorded distribution of Polycentropus dinkinsorum n. sp. The square represents the holotype locality and circles represent other collection sites.
FIGURE 40 in New species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from the Southern Appalachians and phylogeography of the A. loweae species group
FIGURE 40. Schematic presentation of the main steps hypothesized for divergence of loweae-group species. Clades and appropriate geographical ranges of taxa are shown by the same color. A, B, C–see the text for explanations.
FIGURE 39 in New species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from the Southern Appalachians and phylogeography of the A. loweae species group
FIGURE 39. Geographical distribution of loweae-group within Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Solid triangles– A. loweae; open triangles –A. cherokee; solid circles–A.steevesi; bold X –A. gimmeli; bold Z –A.merritti. 1–Thunderhead Mt.; 2–Clingmans Dome.
FIGURE 38 in New species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from the Southern Appalachians and phylogeography of the A. loweae species group
FIGURE 38. Geographical distribution of loweae-group species in the southern Appalachians. Solid circles Anillinus steevesi Barr; half solid circle: A. juliae, new species; solid triangles: A. loweae Sokolov & Carlton; open triangles: A. cherokee Sokolov & Carlton; bold Z: A. merritti, new species; bold X: A. gimmeli, new species; open stars: A. fortis (Horn); solid stars: A. erwini Sokolov & Carlton. 1–Great Smoky Mountains; 2–French Broad River valley; 3–Plott Balsam Mountains; 4–Great Balsam Mountains; 5–Coweeta Mountains; 6–Nantahala Mountains; 7–Unicoi Mountains.
FIGURE 37 in New species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from the Southern Appalachians and phylogeography of the A. loweae species group
FIGURE 37. Elevation records of species within the loweae-group (ordered from north-east to south-west). 1–A.erwini; 2–A fortis; 3–A. loweae; 4–A. cherokee; 5–A. merritti; 6–A. gimmeli; 7–A. juliae; 8–A. steevesi.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.