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819 results for “species composition”
PBG01 Plant species composition in the Patch Burning-grazing Experiment at Konza Prairie
‘PBG’ datasets are associated with a long-term, large-scale study that is addressing the effects of fire-grazing interactions in the context of a Patch-Burn Grazing management system designed to promote grassland heterogeneity. Effects of patch-burn grazing management on plant and animal diversity and the nature and variety of wildlife habitat are being assessed in two replicate management units, each consisting of three pastures (watersheds) designated C03A/C03B/C03C and C3SA/C3SB/C3SC. In each patch-burn grazing unit, one watershed is burned and two that are left unburned in a given year. The burning treatments are rotated annually so that each pasture is burned every third year. Each patch-burn grazing unit is paired with an annually-burned pasture for comparison with traditional grazing systems (C01A and C1SB). All grazing units are stocked with cow/calf pairs from approximately 1 May until 1 Oct at a stocking density equal to 3.2 ha per cow/calf. To examine the impact of patch burning and grazing in all 8 units, we monitor changes in plant species composition, residual biomass, grassland bird populations, insect populations, small mammal populations, soil nutrients, and stream water quality1(1C3SA/C3SB/C3SC unit only). The KSU Department of Animal Science monitors cattle performance, including weight gain and body condition to assess the economic feasibility of using patch-burn management on a widespread basis.
PVC01 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie
Canopy coverage and frequency of plant species were estimated visually in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to be grazed (in the future) by native grazers (bison). In each case, one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, and the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower slope deep fertile non-rocky soil (Tully silty clay loam) and a shallow rocky soil (Florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges.
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie
Canopy coverage of all vascular plant species were estimated in 20 circular 10 sq m plots for each of the topographic positions within each included watershed at Konza Prairie.
N fertilization and recovery experiment (2-4-6) plant species composition data for East of Tvan from 1997 to 2017, yearly
The realization that anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is causing significant environmental change in many ecosystems has led to lower emissions of reactive N and deposition rates in many regions. However, the impacts of N deposition on terrestrial ecosystems can be long-lasting, with significant inertia in the return of the biota and biogeochemical processes to baseline levels. To better understand patterns of recovery and the factors that may contribute to slow or no responses following declines in N deposition, we followed plant species composition, microbial abundance, N cycling rates, soil pH, and pools of NO3- and extractable cations in an impacted alpine ecosystem following cessation of 12-year experiment increasing N deposition rates by 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha/yr. Simulated N deposition had resulted in a tripling in the cover of the nitrophilic species Carex rupestris, while the dominant sedge Kobresia myosuroides had decreased by more than half at the highest N input level. In addition nitrification rates were elevated, soil extractable magnesium (Mg2+) and pH decreased, and aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) were elevated at the highest N treatment inputs. Over the nine years following cessation of N additions to the impacted plots only the cover of the nitrophilic C. rupestris showed any recovery to prior levels. Abundances of both bacteria and fungi were lower with N addition in both treatment and recovery plots. Rates of nitrification and pools of NO3- remained elevated in the recovery plots, likely contributing to the lack of biotic response to the cessation of N inputs. In addition, nutrient base cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and soil pH remained depressed, and the toxic metal cations (Al3+ and Mn2+) remained elevated in recovery plots, also potentially influencing biotic recovery. These results emphasize the importance of considering long-term environmental impacts of N deposition associated with legacy effects, such as elevated N cycling and losse
Arthropod species composition in the turf transplant experiment, 2024 - ongoing.
The Turf Transplant Experiment was set up in the summer of 2024. Paired experimental sites were established in two tundra community types - dry meadow and moist meadow - with one site of each community type pair in a lower elevation/warmer area and one site in a higher elevation/cooler area. Subplot turfs (25 cm^2) were transplanted (1) between sites of the same community type at different elevations/temperatures, (2) between plots within the same site or (3) left in place as non-transplant controls. This data package contains measurements of arthropods.
Plant & lichen species composition data for Saddle Nodal Plots, 1971 - ongoing.
To study long-term changes in alpine tundra plant communities, thirty permanently marked plots were surveyed in 1971. These same plots were surveyed at twenty, thirty, forty and fifty year intervals from the initial sampling date; in 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. Due to covid and other events, data for the 50-year time point was collected over three summers, from 2021-2023. Plots are one by ten meters, divided into ten subplot quadrats, and marked with rebar. The presence or absence of each vascular plant species was recorded per plot. The cover was recorded for each species that appeared in a one meter by ten centimeter strip at the base of each quadrat within each plot. The cover of non-vascular plants, soil, rocks, and lichens was also recorded within the strip in most sampling years. Lichen were also surveyed in 1971 and 2021.These data have been used to study the changes in vascular plant and lichen communities and cover across habitats following a moisture gradient on the saddle portion of Niwot Ridge; these habitats include dry fellfield, dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow, snow bank, and shrub tundra. While we have observed some changes in species richness and cover in the plots, overall the plant communities seem fairly stable over time. Lichen species richness has increased in some habitats, while some lichen species have been disappearing from others.
Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and number, 1991-2024
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
PIE LTER marsh vegetation species composition and elevation along nine transects in 2000 and 2001
We selected 9 transects from a set of 40 marsh surveys conducted in 2000 and 2001 to use as a baseline for monitoring changes in species composition and marsh elevation across a broad spatial scale in the Plum Island Estuary. In the early surveys, latitude, longitude and elevation, as well as salt and brackish marsh vegetation composition were documented using cover classes on individual plots. Results from those surveys have been compiled here.
PIE LTER marsh vegetation species composition and elevation along nine transects in 2021
Salt and brackish marsh vegetation distribution was documented using cover classes (modified Braun-Blanquet) on individual plots along 9 transects in the Plum Island Estuary. The plots were also surveyed for elevation rel mNAVD88 using RTK GPS . The plots and transects had been surveyed for vegetation and elevation in 2001. The re-survey is designed to monitor changes in species composition and marsh elevation across a broad spatial scale over the previous 20 years. The survey will also serve as a baseline for future marsh monitoring work with UAVs.
Biomass and Plant Species Composition on Hog and Metompkin Islands, 2020-2022
Beginning in 2020, annual plant surveys were conducted along 3 cross-shore transects on Hog and Metompkin Islands along the Atlantic coast of Virginia. Transects were established starting at the high water mark, and continuing inland until reaching a shrub thicket. Plots were placed 10m apart in beach and swale habitats, and 5m apart across dunes. At each plot, percent composition was measured within a 0.25m^2 quadrat. Aboveground biomass was also obtained within a randomly placed 10x100cm^2 quadrat. Biomass was then dried and weighed. Due to logistical constraints, biomass was not collected in 2022.
Spider species composition in Gaylussacia baccata clones of varying sizes on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts
<p>This research was funded by grants from the Nantucket Land Bank and the Nantucket Land Council in 2008.<br> <br> Sandplain grassland and coastal heathland habitats intermingle to form a mosaic on Nantucket’s glacial outwash plain. Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry) is a dominant species in coastal heathland and forms large clonal monocultures. As these clones expand they replace grassland and reduce overall plant species diversity. In this pilot study I captured spiders in different size classes of G. baccata clones to determine if clone size affects spider species diversity. I also recorded differences in major plant species. Smaller clones had significantly higher numbers of two wolf spider species: Pardosa saxatilis and Schizocosa bilineata. Smaller clones tended to have a higher number of spider species than larger clones. Smaller clones had higher percentages of grass cover and less G. baccata coverage. I suggest that future work should produce separate species area curves for sandplain grassland and coastal heathland habitats to determine an optimum ratio of areas to maximize spider species richness.</p> <p>allSpiderData.csv<br> dataDictionary.csv - Data dictionary for all data files<br> mckenna-foster-report-2009.pdf - report describing project<br> vegetationData.csv</p>
Ground beetle (Coleoptera:Carabidae) species composition of three forests in the Netherlands
<p>During this research the carabid fauna assemblage of two forests, the Amsterdamse Bos and Purmerendse Bos, was determined. Throughout the forests series (locations within the forests) were chosen to place pitfall traps. Each series consisted of five plastic cups that were dug into the soil in such a way that they were flush with the surface. Each cup was located five meters away from the subsequent one. The cups were filled with formaldehyde (diluted water 1: 10) as conservative and a small amount of soap in order to decrease water tension and thus let the organisms submerge. Afterwards the trap was covered with a wooden plate attached onto the soil with nails to protect it from rain and damage. The plates were covered up with plant material as camouflage. A small opening in between the soil and the plate was left so there was space for soil fauna to crawl into the cup (Picture 1). Because carabids are often dispersed throughout an area in small populations instead of being homologous spread (Raino & Niemelä, 2003) a diversity of locations was chosen. Therefore biotic and abiotic conditions were recorded (soil, light invasion, litter and dominant vegetation) to select the most diverse sites. </p> <p>Nine series in the Amsterdamse Bos and eleven series in the Purmerendse Bos were placed. These forests were sampled for a time span of 63 days. When traps were emptied the formaldehyde was refreshed. After the third time all of the traps were removed and holes filled up with soil. </p> <p>The content of emptied traps was washed with water and afterwards the ground beetles were selected and preserved in 95% ethanol. The ground beetles found were identified by making use of “De Loopkevers van Nederland & Vlaanderen” by Boeken, Desender, Drost, van Gijzen, Koese, Muilwijk, Turin & Vermeulen (2002. </p> <p>For each series the quantity of caught individuals was recorded. From the Eyserbos, data collected by supervisor B. Brugge in the years from 2012 to 2014 was used for analysis; during this research the same catching methods were used but the time scale was different. For four years, five series of pitfall traps were placed for one week halfway of June thus for a total of 28 days. Data of the species composition and the ecological characteristics and classification of the three forests was collected. Following classifications and ecological characters of the species that were used for analysis were documented: the status of the species in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Luxemburg, the status of the species in the Netherlands, the distribution in the Netherlands, how important the species’ population in the Netherlands is in its distribution in Europe (so called I-species), which type of habitats a species can migrate through to spread to other habitat patches, the classification of the species by Lindroth (1969), the degree of eurytopicity of the species and the flight capabilities of the species. </p> <p>Data obtained can be found in the file:</p> <p><strong>201703-05_groundbeetle_species_composition_Eyserbos_AmsterdamseBos_and_PurmerendseBos.txt</strong></p> <p>The possible inputs for characteristics can be found in the file</p> <p><strong>201706_Legenda_data_groundbeetles_species_composition_Amsterdamse_and_Purmerendse_bos.txt</strong></p>
Community composition, richness, and density of endobionts from two sponge species in Crete, Greece, June 2021
These data was collected as part of a study titled "The “Single Hotel” hypothesis – Does sponge abundance affect endobionts’ diversity?" that was conducted in the island of Crete, Greece in June 2021. It includes collection of 30 sponge specimens of the common species (Agelas oroides and Sarcotragus foetidus) via SCUBA diving, their dissection and removal and identification of all endobionts living withing them (macroinvertebrates). The diversity of endobionts was then calculated and correlated with sponge properites (such as volume), and the sponges area and site of collection.
Combined data on plant species abundance and composition from LTER and other grasslands in the United States, 1943 - 2010
Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stability of the overall community. While the importance of these mechanisms is debated, few studies have contrasted their importance in an environmental context. We compiled nine long-term datasets of grassland species composition to evaluate the strength of biotic mechanisms of community stability and assess how these mechanisms change across precipitation gradients. Data were collected in replicate plots over time at nine different sites throughout the US (replicates within a site range from 5-100, plot sizes from 0.1 m² to 17 m²; minimum 9 years, maximum 30 years). Species abundance was measured as either percent cover, biomass, or allometrically-derived biomass. At all sites the measurement techniques and management regimes remained constant over the collection period, and the data collection methods were not relativized. For example, sites in which species composition were measured as percent cover do not require their estimates to sum to 100. For sites with long-term experimental treatments, only the control plots were included. These data have been presented in: Lauren M. Hallett, Joanna S. Hsu, Elsa E. Cleland, Scott L. Collins, Timothy L. Dickson, Emily C. Farrer, Laureano A. Gherardi, Katherine L. Gross, Richard J. Hobbs, Laura Turnbull, Katharine N. Suding. 2014. Biotic mechanisms of community stability shift along a precipitation gradient. Ecology 95:1693–1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0895.1
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/342/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/69/18. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Canopy coverage and frequency were recorded in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to grazed by native grazers. In each case one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower-slope deep fertile nonrocky soil (tully silty clay loam), and a shallow rocky soil (florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges. In 1983 another ungrazed annual burn area '1c' was added 'both tully and florence soils' because original area '1d' appeared aberrant.
KKE03 The Konza-Kruger Experiment: Kruger species composition (2006-2010)
The distribution, structure and function of mesic savanna grasslands are strongly driven by fire regimes, grazing by large herbivores, and their interactions. This research addresses a general question about our understanding of savanna grasslands globally: Is our knowledge of fire and grazing sufficiently general to enable us to make accurate predictions of how these ecosystems will respond to changes in these drivers over time? Some evidence suggests that fire and grazing influence savanna grassland structure and function differently in South Africa (SA) compared to North America (NA). These differences have been attributed to the contingent factors of greater biome age, longer evolutionary history with fire and grazing, reduced soil fertility, and greater diversity of plants and large herbivores in SA. An alternative hypothesis is that differences in methods and approaches used to study these systems have led to differing perspectives on the role of these drivers. If the impacts of shared ecosystem drivers truly differ between NA and SA, this calls into question the generality of our understanding of these ecosystems and our ability to forecast how changes in key drivers will affect savanna grasslands globally. Since 2006, an explicitly comparative research program has been conducted to determine the degree of convergence in ecosystem (productivity, N and C cycling) and plant community (composition, diversity, dynamics) responses to fire and grazing in SA and NA. Thus far, initial support has been found for convergence at the ecosystem level and divergence at the community level in response to alterations in both fire regimes and grazing. However, there have also been two unexpected findings (1) the ways in which fire and grazing interact differed between NA and SA, and (2) the rate of change in communities when grazers were removed was much greater in NA than in SA. These unexpected findings raise a number of important new questions: (Q1) Will exclusion of grazi
PEW01 Plant species composition and edaphic properties in wallow and non-wallow plots at Konza Prairie
Bison wallows—bare depressions formed by repeated trampling and dust-bathing—introduce fine-scale heterogeneity to tallgrass prairie soils and plant communities. We compared plant communities and edaphic properties of wallows to adjacent non-wallow plots and cattle-grazed plots. Wallows had reduced organic matter and nitrogen but elevated clay and sodium. Non-fenced wallows had lower plant species richness than fenced wallows and all non-wallows. However, wallows supported distinct plant communities, including wetland species in temporary pools. While bison-grazed areas generally had higher plant diversity, wallows added localized variation not found in cattle or fenced plots. Our results suggest wallows function as small-scale ecosystem engineering features, shaping soil conditions and plant composition.
N fertilization experiment plant species composition data for north of the saddle from 2011 to ongoing, yearly
In August 2010, N fertilization plots were established over a gradient of Geum rossii (Aco) and Deschampsia caespitosa (Des) cover in an area of moist-wet meadow alpine tundra north of the Saddle on Niwot Ridge. A total of 20 plots were set up, with 1X-10X being control plots where no nitrogen (N) was added, and 1N-10N being fertilization plots where N was added. Control and fertilized plots were paired so that pairs had the same percent cover of Aco and Des. Initially in 2010, N addition plots were fertilized at a rate of 28.8 g N x m^2 x yr^-1 (72 g of slow-release Osmocote (40-0-0)). In 2011 fertilization rate was reduced to N x m^2 x yr^-1 (25 g Osmocote (2011-2013), Duration Urea 120, 40-0-0, SGN 150 (2014-on).
Elevation gradient plant species composition data for A1, B1, C1, D1, 1953 - 1996.
Plant species presence and abundance (Kooiman and Korb data) were recorded at four stands along an elevational gradient in the Front Range of Colorado. Each stand location was determined by Dr. John Marr. The Marr species data were recorded from at least 12 3ft x 3ft plots located in the corners of his 66ft x 66ft tree quadrats. Only species presence was recorded, not abundance. The Kooiman and Lindhart as well as the Korb data were collected from 50 85cm x 100cm plots which were systematically located within a sampling strip measuring 2m x 100m. Plots were located every two meters alternating left and right of the sampling strip. Species present in the strip but not in the plots were recorded by Kooiman as well as Korb. Species names in this data set are from Weber and Wittman 1996; the Marr and Kooiman datasets were updated using Weber and Wittman's list.
Aboveground net primary productivity, species composition and species richness data for NutNet site, 2007 - 2017
In 2007, a NutNet (http://www.nutnet.umn.edu/) site was established in a dry meadow site east of T-van on Niwot Ridge to assess multiple resource limitation on alpine grassland productivity and species composition. Nutrient treatments were added every other year starting in 2008. Treatments consisted of eight levels of nutrient addition (control, N, P, micro, N+P, N+micro, P+micro, and N+P+micro), replicated across four blocks. Untreated controls and all-nutrient treatments were replicated twice within each block for a total of 40 experiment plots. Starting in 2016, Potassium (K) was added as potash (K2SO4) to plots treated with micronutrients. Baseline data on above-ground biomass was sampled in 2007, prior to fertilizer application. Biomass clipping was repeated in 2013 and species composition measured in 2013 and 2017.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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