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39 results for “spotted hyena”
Leopard and spotted hyena camera trap dataset
<p><span>Human disturbance has the potential to alter competitive interactions, favoring species better able to adapt to areas used by humans. One such species is the spotted hyena (<em>Crocutu crocuta</em>), which has been successful in human dominated areas throughout Africa, competing through kleptoparasitism with other carnivore species (e.g., leopards [<em>Panthera pardus</em>]). In the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, leopard density declines sharply close to human settlements and hyenas are their only competitors. Using camera trap data and a spatio-temporal occupancy model, we assessed the relative dominance of each species through spatial co-occurrence, altered activity patterns and temporary site avoidance. We tested the hypothesis that hyenas gain a competitive advantage over leopards in human-dominated areas due to their relatively higher tolerance for anthropogenic activities. We found that while hyena occupancy was best predicted by prey occupancy and not strongly affected by landscape factors associated with humans, leopards, </span><span>especially male leopards, were </span><span>less likely to be detected close to human settlements</span><span>. Female leopards, which are smaller than males, exhibited activity shifts and temporary site avoidance in response to hyenas, whereas hyenas shifted their activity patterns in response to male leopards. These results suggest that while hyenas may be behaviorally dominant over female leopards, they are subordinate to male leopards. We found that male leopards and hyenas were less </span><span>likely to co-occur closer to people, especially where prey was scarce, suggesting </span><span>subordinance of hyenas to male leopards may be mitigated by human disturbance</span><span>.</span><span> Furthermore, young male leopards shifted their activity patterns to be more diurnal in response to hyena presence, suggesting that dominance relationship between hyenas and leopards develops with age and is probably related to body size. These results indicate that human disturbance has the potential to affect the competitive relationship between leopards and hyenas in the Udzungwa mountains, but that relationships will vary with sex and body size.</span></p>
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa. in Hyaenidae
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa.
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa. in Hyaenidae
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa.
On following pages: 2. Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta); 3. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena); 4. Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea). in Hyaenidae
On following pages: 2. Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta); 3. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena); 4. Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea).
Diurnal pastoralism does not reduce juvenile recruitment nor elevate allostatic load in spotted hyenas
<p>1. Anthropogenic activity can have substantial effects on wildlife. These effects may vary according to the characteristics of the activity and the species involved. While effects on behavior are well-studied, studies of effects on fitness and physiology are scarce, particularly for group-living species.</p> <p>2. We exploited a natural experimental setup to investigate the effect of diurnal pastoralism on juvenile recruitment and allostatic load in a population of free-ranging spotted hyenas in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, over a 24-year period.</p> <p>3. Pastoralism was restricted to the territories of two of the eight study clans, allowing us to compare juvenile recruitment in exposed and unexposed clans. We also compared fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGMC) – a biomarker of an organism's allostatic load – between exposed and unexposed clans using 975 fecal samples from 475 hyenas.</p> <p>4. We found no detectable difference in juvenile recruitment nor fGMC between the exposed and unexposed clans, indicating that the pastoralism had no substantial deleterious effect on the spotted hyenas. The lack of a deleterious effect likely stems from the combined effect of the predictable and undisruptive nature of the pastoralism, the socio-ecology of spotted hyenas, and the Ngorongoro Crater's consistently abundant prey.</p> <p>5. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to anthropogenic activity may be compatible with the persistence of certain group-living species, especially if the overlap between the species' critical behaviors and the activity is limited. Our study thereby provides new perspectives for ecologists, conservation biologists, and stakeholders who seek to assess human-wildlife conflicts and balance the needs of local human communities and wildlife.</p>
Data from: Effects of trophy hunting leftovers on the ranging behaviour of large carnivores: a case study on spotted hyenas
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Data from: Lifetime selection on a hypoallometric trait in the spotted hyena
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Data from: Socioecological predictors of immune defenses in wild spotted hyenas
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Stable social structure of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) during the dry and wet season in Central Tuli, Botswana
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Leopard and spotted hyena camera trap dataset
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Diurnal pastoralism does not reduce juvenile recruitment nor elevate allostatic load in spotted hyenas
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Data from: Adaptability of large carnivores to changing anthropogenic food sources: diet change of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) during Christian fasting period in northern Ethiopia
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Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system
<p>Species that depend on anthropogenic waste for food can remove pathogens that pose health risks to humans and livestock, thereby saving lives and money. Quantifying these benefits is rare, yet can lead to innovative conservation solutions.</p> <p>To assess these benefits, we examined the feeding ecology and population size of peri-urban spotted hyenas (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) in Mekelle, Ethiopia. We integrated these field data into a disease transmission model to predict: a) the number of anthrax and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infections arising in humans and livestock from infected carcass waste, and b) the costs associated with treating these infections and losing livestock. We compared these public health and economic outcomes under two scenarios: a) hyenas are present, and b) the counterfactual, hyenas are absent.</p> <p>We estimated that hyenas annually remove 4.2% (207 tonnes) of the total carcass waste disposed of by residents and businesses in Mekelle. Furthermore, the scavenging behaviour of hyenas annually prevents five infections of anthrax and bTB in humans, and 140 infections in cattle, sheep and goats. This disease control service potentially saves USD 52,165 due to the treatment costs and livestock loss avoided.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. This human-hyena interaction in Ethiopia is evidence that large carnivores can contribute to human health and economy. To retain these benefits and maintain tolerance of hyenas, we recommend: introducing education programs to promote safe outdoor behaviour around hyenas, training watchdogs to alert residents of hyena presence, constructing bomas to protect livestock from hyena attacks, and preserving the hyenas' access to carcass waste to reduce their dependency on livestock predation. With humans and carnivores coming more frequently into contact, understanding and communicating how these species can benefit humanity will be critical to motivating human-carnivore coexistence worldwide.</p>
Data from: Efficacy of spotlights and thermal cameras to detect lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, depends on species and management regime
<p class="MsoNormal">Accurate abundance estimates can contribute to effective management of large carnivore populations. Lion, <em>Panthera leo</em>, and spotted hyena, <em>Crocuta crocuta</em>, populations are frequently estimated at night by eliciting their approach using broadcasted vocalizations. Spotlights are typically used to observe these species on approach but can disturb animals and adversely affect counts. We compared the efficacy of spotlight with red filters and forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal monocular to enumerate lions and spotted hyenas in Serengeti National Park (SNP; non-hunted area) and Maswa Game Reserve (MGR; hunted area), Tanzania, during 2015−2017. We established 119 call-in sites in SNP and 20 in MGR and conducted repeated call-ins at 1–2 week intervals. During call-ins we conducted systematic paired counts using both devices. We assessed the influence of device order, species, hunting regime, and land cover on species counts. We found that FLIR was more efficacious for counting hyenas in MGR and spotlight for counting lions in SNP. We found evidence for temporary artificial light disturbance in MGR, as counts were higher when FLIR was used as the second device. Habitat type within 200 m of call-in sites did not influence device performances. Greater spotlight efficacy in SNP is a likely consequence of lower perceived risk and less anthropogenic disturbance compared to MGR. To improve accuracy of counts and subsequent population estimates for lions and spotted hyenas, we recommend consideration of variation in device efficacy, based on species surveyed and management regime.</p>
Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system
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Data from: Efficacy of spotlights and thermal cameras to detect lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, depends on species and management regime
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Data from: Society, demography and genetic structure in the spotted hyena
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Data used for "Effects of environmental change on population growth: monitoring time-varying carrying capacity in free-ranging spotted hyenas"
<p>These data are to be used within the context of the R code provided <a title="link to GitHub" href="https://github.com/hyenaproject/Bailey2024K" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. See the linked GitHub repository for details.</p>
Space use and simultaneous movement analyses of lions and spotted hyenas
<p>Relocation dataset of lion and spotted hyena tracking data.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.