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147 results for “subalpine”
Tree seedling germination, precipitation index, and SWE data for subalpine forest, 1940-2010
Annual germination dates for over 450 Engelmann spruce and over 500 subalpine fir seedlings collected across a complex topographic-moisture gradient were compared to climate variability in the Colorado Front Range. This dataset contains the SPEI (standardized-evaporation precipitation index) and snow-water equivalent (SWE) data from 1940 to 2010 used in the study as well as the number of seedlings establishing each year from 1940 to 2010 by species.
Soil moisture, temperature and relative humidity for subalpine forest permanent plots, 2017 - 2021.
We collected microclimate data for 12 permanent forest plots in subalpine forests and at alpine treeline at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. We collected soil temperature (2015-2020), air temperature (2015-2020), air relative humidity (2015-2020), and soil moisture data (2015-2019). Soil temperature, air temperature, and air relative humidity data were collected year-round, but they are not necessarily continuous during the sample period due to instrument failure. The goal of winter soil temperature data collection was to estimate snow duration. Soil moisture was collected every two weeks from 2015-2019 and continuously from June to October in three sites in 2018 and 2019. See data for periods of sampling and methods for details on sampling interval and instrumentation.
Alpine and subalpine vegetation of Mt. Midzhur, Stara Planina, Bulgaria
<p>This dataset contains data used in my diploma thesis. The fieldwork was carried out in the Western Stara Planina Mountains, mainly in the area of Mt. Midzhur. I recorded 78 vegetation plots using the Braun-Blanquet approach. The dataset was classified using modified Twinspan algorithm. A DCA ordination graph was created to present the dissimilarity of the vegetation types. The vegetation was divided into 12 classes. Seven alliances not previously known from Bulgaria and one newly described alliance of subalpine tall-herb vegetation on screes were reported. Numerous associations were newly reported for Bulgaria or were newly described. The role of altitude and soil pH on the vegetation was analyzed using the general linear model; the floristic composition was analyzed on the level of floristic elements.</p>
Data from journal article "Amplifying effects of recurrent drought on the dynamics of tree growth and water use in a subalpine forest"
<p>This dataset contains all data used in the above mentioned publication (DOI: tba). The data was obtained in a field drought experiment in a subalpine forest in the Austrian Central Alps, where adult trees were exposed to either ambient conditions or recurrent summer drought. The experiment was conducted from 2016-2018. All data were measured on individual tree level. All dataset contains the following, pre-processed data (processed as described in the corresponding journal article):<br> - Micrometeorological data<br> - Dendrometer data<br> - Tree ring data<br> - Sapflow data<br> - Stem electrical resistivity data<br> - Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and soluble sugar carbon isotopic composition (d13C) data</p> <p>The metadata.xlsx file contains all metadata, including units and descriptions of the variables.</p>
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Fig. 6 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the subalpine rain páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Fig. 6. In-life photographs of variations within Bolitoglossa bolanosi sp. nov. (A) Paratopotype male subadult UCR 22966, (B) paratype juvenile UCR 24247, (C) paratype adult female UCR 22421, and (D) paratype adult female UCR 24245. Photographs A and C by Erick Arias, B and D by Omar Zúñiga.
Fig. 5 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the subalpine rain páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Fig. 5. Dorsal views of the hand and foot of the holotypes of (A–B) Bolitoglossa bolanosi sp. nov. (UCR 22965) and (C–D) B. pesrubra in preservation. Photograph by Erick Arias.
Fig. 4 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the subalpine rain páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Fig. 4. Holotype of Bolitoglossa bolanosi sp. nov. (UCR 22965) in life on a white background. Photograph by Erick Arias.
Fig. 1 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the subalpine rain páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Fig. 1. (A) Map showing the known populations of the species within the Bolitoglossa subpalmata species group. (B) Map showing the localities for B. bolanosi sp. nov. and the species close to it in the páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca. The open shapes indicate the historical data and the solid shapes indicate the localities with molecular data included herein.
Fig. 2 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the subalpine rain páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Fig. 2. Bayesian phylogenetic inference shows the relationships of the Bolitoglossa subpalmata species group based on the 16S and cyt b mitochondrial DNA gene fragments. Bootstrap proportions from maximum likelihood are shown above the branches, and numbers below the branches are posterior probabilities (multiplied by 100) from the MrBayes analysis. The scale bar refers to the estimated substitutions per site. The support values of any node within the species are not shown. The asterisks represent support>99. NV = no voucher.
Fig. 3 in A new species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the subalpine rain páramo of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica
Fig. 3. Linear discriminant analysis shows the morphological separation between the new species and the two species close to it.
Fig. 3 in Predicting the potential distribution of the subalpine broad-leaved tree species, Betula ermanii Cham. under climate change in South Korea
Fig. 3. The Jackknife test for evaluating the relative importance of environmental variables for Betula ermanii in South Korea.
Figure 2 in Soil fauna contribution to winter decomposition in subalpine grasslands
Figure 2. Litter mass loss of Patzkea paniculata, Dactylis glomerata and the mixture in small mesh (white bars) and large mesh (grey bars) and litterbags, for each location (pots and field), after winter decomposition. The results of the 6 pairwise tests are shown for each location and litter type (ns: p> 0.3, **: p <0.01, ***: p <0.001).
Text-fig. 7. Comparison of lower molars of different Eomyidae in occlusal (left) and labial (right) view. a) Eomys helveticus n. sp. from Rigi 1, M1/2 sin.: Rgi 3, holotype. b) Eomys schluneggeri n. sp. from Rigi 2, M1 dext. (reversed): Rgi 20, holotype. c) Eomys molassicus ENGESSER, 1987 from Rigi 2, M1 sin.: DKRgi13. d) Eomyodon mayoi ENGESSER, 1990 from Krummenau/ Thur, M1 dext. (reversed): Tpl A16. All figures at magnification 35×. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland
Text-fig. 7. Comparison of lower molars of different Eomyidae in occlusal (left) and labial (right) view. a) Eomys helveticus n. sp. from Rigi 1, M1/2 sin.: Rgi 3, holotype. b) Eomys schluneggeri n. sp. from Rigi 2, M1 dext. (reversed): Rgi 20, holotype. c) Eomys molassicus ENGESSER, 1987 from Rigi 2, M1 sin.: DKRgi13. d) Eomyodon mayoi ENGESSER, 1990 from Krummenau/ Thur, M1 dext. (reversed): Tpl A16. All figures at magnification 35×.
Text-fig. 3. Eomys helveticus n. sp. from Rigi 1. a) P4 – M3; P4 sin.: Rgi 11, M1 dext. (reversed): Rgi 14, M2 dext. (reversed): Rgi 12, M3 dext. (reversed): Rgi 17. b) P – M; P sin.: Rgi 2, M sin.: Rgi 3 (holotype), M sin.: Rgi 4, M sin.: Rgi 7. All figures at 4 3 4 1/2 1/2 3 magnification 35×. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland
Text-fig. 3. Eomys helveticus n. sp. from Rigi 1. a) P4 – M3; P4 sin.: Rgi 11, M1 dext. (reversed): Rgi 14, M2 dext. (reversed): Rgi 12, M3 dext. (reversed): Rgi 17. b) P – M; P sin.: Rgi 2, M sin.: Rgi 3 (holotype), M sin.: Rgi 4, M sin.: Rgi 7. All figures at 4 3 4 1/2 1/2 3 magnification 35×.
Text-fig. 2. Lithostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the Rigi section with correlation to the MPTS (Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Time Scale) according to Schlunegger (1995). Asterisk = mammal site. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland
Text-fig. 2. Lithostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the Rigi section with correlation to the MPTS (Magnetostratigraphic Polarity Time Scale) according to Schlunegger (1995). Asterisk = mammal site.
Text-fig. 1. Geographical setting. Topographic map (swissALTI3D) showing the position of the Rigi localities (asterisks) in Central Switzerland. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland
Text-fig. 1. Geographical setting. Topographic map (swissALTI3D) showing the position of the Rigi localities (asterisks) in Central Switzerland.
Text-fig. 6. Eomys molassicus E, 1987 from Rigi 2. a) P4 – M3; P4 dext. (reversed): DKRgi7, M1 sin.: Rgi 45, M2 sin.: DKRgi8, NGESSER M3 dext. (reversed): DKRgi9. b) P – M; P sin.: DKRgi9, M sin.: DKRgi10, M sin.: DKRgi11, M sin.: DKRgi12. All figures at 4 3 4 1 2 3 magnification 35×. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland
Text-fig. 6. Eomys molassicus E, 1987 from Rigi 2. a) P4 – M3; P4 dext. (reversed): DKRgi7, M1 sin.: Rgi 45, M2 sin.: DKRgi8, NGESSER M3 dext. (reversed): DKRgi9. b) P – M; P sin.: DKRgi9, M sin.: DKRgi10, M sin.: DKRgi11, M sin.: DKRgi12. All figures at 4 3 4 1 2 3 magnification 35×.
Text-fig. 4. Eomys schluneggeri n. sp. from Rigi 2. m1 dext. (reversed): Rgi 20, holotype. Magnification 35×. in Eomys Helveticus N. Sp. And Eomys Schluneggeri N. Sp., Two New Small Eomyids Of The Chattian (Mp 25/Mp 26) Subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse Of Switzerland
Text-fig. 4. Eomys schluneggeri n. sp. from Rigi 2. m1 dext. (reversed): Rgi 20, holotype. Magnification 35×.
Data and code for: Wildfire activity in northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forests still within millennial-scale range of variability
<p>Increasing area burned across western North America raises questions about the precedence and magnitude of changes in fire activity, relative to the historical range of variability (HRV) that ecosystems experienced over recent centuries and millennia. Paleoecological records of past fire occurrence provide context for contemporary changes in ecosystems characterized by infrequent, high-severity fire regimes. Here we present a network of 12 fire-history records derived from macroscopic charcoal preserved in sediments of small subalpine lakes within a c. 10,000 km<sup>2</sup> landscape in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains (Northern Rockies). We used this network to characterize landscape-scale burning over the past 2500 yr and evaluate the precedence of widespread regional burning experienced in the early 20<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st </sup>centuries. We further compare the Northern Rockies fire history to a previously published network of fire-history records in the Southern Rockies. In Northern Rockies subalpine forests, widespread fire activity was strongly linked to seasonal climate conditions, in contemporary, historical, and paleo records. The average estimated fire rotation period (FRP) over the past 2500 years was 164 yr (HRV: 127-225 yr), while the contemporary FRP from 1900-2021 CE was 215 yr. Thus, extensive regional burning in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century (e.g., 1910 CE) and in recent decades was within the HRV of recent millennia. Results from the Northern Rockies contrast with the Southern Rockies, which burned with less frequency on average over the past 2500 yr, and where 21<sup>st</sup>-century burning has exceeded the HRV. Our results support expectations that Northern Rockies fire activity will continue to increase with climatic warming, surpassing historical burning if more than one exceptional fire year akin to 1910 occurs within the next several decades. The societal and ecological consequences of climatic warming in subalpine forests will depend, in large part, on the magnitude of fire-regime changes relative to the past.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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