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Subspecies and Distribution. T.o.oryxPallas,1766—SAfricaincludingNamibia,Botswana,Swaziland,andSouthAfrica. T. o. livingstonii Sclater, 1864 — S & E Africa; N limit through Angola and S DR Congo, then N to Rwanda, Uganda, SE Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Kenya, S Somalia, and Tanzania. in Bovidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T.o.oryxPallas,1766—SAfricaincludingNamibia,Botswana,Swaziland,andSouthAfrica. T. o. livingstonii Sclater, 1864 — S & E Africa; N limit through Angola and S DR Congo, then N to Rwanda, Uganda, SE Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Kenya, S Somalia, and Tanzania.
Subspecies and Distribution. D.n.nitratoidesMerriam,1894—SWUSA(flooroftheSanJoaquinValley,SCCali-fornia). D.n.brevinasusGrinnell,1920—SWUSA(W&EedgesoftheSanJoaquinValley,Pano-cheValley,CarrizoPlain,andupperCuyamaValley,SCCalifornia). D. n. exilis Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (a limited distribution on the floor of the N San Joaquin Valley, SC California). in Heteromyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. D.n.nitratoidesMerriam,1894—SWUSA(flooroftheSanJoaquinValley,SCCali-fornia). D.n.brevinasusGrinnell,1920—SWUSA(W&EedgesoftheSanJoaquinValley,Pano-cheValley,CarrizoPlain,andupperCuyamaValley,SCCalifornia). D. n. exilis Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (a limited distribution on the floor of the N San Joaquin Valley, SC California).
Subspecies and Distribution. O.c.cuniculusLinnaeus,1758—N,NE&EIberianPeninsula(Spain). O.c.algirusLoche,1858—S,SW&WIberianPeninsula(Spain,Portugal),NMorocco,NAlgeria(includingHabibasI). O.c.brachyotusTrouessart,1917—SFrance. O.c.cnossiusBate,1906—CreteI. O.c.habetensisCabrera,1923—Tanger-Tetouan-AlHoceimaRegion(NMorocco). O. c. huxleyi Haeckel, 1874 — Mediterranean Is (Balearic Is, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira, and Canary Is). Original distribution after last Ice Age restricted to Iberian Peninsula, W France, and N Africa. Ancient introductions of the nominate subspecies probably during the Ro- man period have spread it throughout Europe, and now it is present in most of W, C & E Europe and the Mediterranean and Macaronesian Is (these mostly old introductions are also shaded on the map). During the 20" century it has been released into the steppes of the Black Sea in Ukraine and Russia (N Caucasus); introduced into Australia in 1788 and again in 1859 where it is now widespread; it is found on many Pacific Is, islands off the coast of South Africa and Namibia, and in New Zealand; successfully introduced only since 1936 into South America, nowadays with a limited range in Chile, Argentina, and Falkland Is, it is also present in the Caribbean Is (all these modern introductions not shaded in the map). Worldwide as domesticated forms. in Leporidae
Subspecies and Distribution. O.c.cuniculusLinnaeus,1758—N,NE&EIberianPeninsula(Spain). O.c.algirusLoche,1858—S,SW&WIberianPeninsula(Spain,Portugal),NMorocco,NAlgeria(includingHabibasI). O.c.brachyotusTrouessart,1917—SFrance. O.c.cnossiusBate,1906—CreteI. O.c.habetensisCabrera,1923—Tanger-Tetouan-AlHoceimaRegion(NMorocco). O. c. huxleyi Haeckel, 1874 — Mediterranean Is (Balearic Is, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira, and Canary Is). Original distribution after last Ice Age restricted to Iberian Peninsula, W France, and N Africa. Ancient introductions of the nominate subspecies probably during the Ro- man period have spread it throughout Europe, and now it is present in most of W, C & E Europe and the Mediterranean and Macaronesian Is (these mostly old introductions are also shaded on the map). During the 20" century it has been released into the steppes of the Black Sea in Ukraine and Russia (N Caucasus); introduced into Australia in 1788 and again in 1859 where it is now widespread; it is found on many Pacific Is, islands off the coast of South Africa and Namibia, and in New Zealand; successfully introduced only since 1936 into South America, nowadays with a limited range in Chile, Argentina, and Falkland Is, it is also present in the Caribbean Is (all these modern introductions not shaded in the map). Worldwide as domesticated forms.
Subspecies and Distribution. S.c.cassiquiarensisLesson,1840—ColombianAmazon(betweenriosVichadaandApaporisWtotheupperriosGuaviareandApaporisintheAndes),SVenezuela(upperOrinoco-Cassiquiare),andtheBrazilianAmazonNoftheRioSolimoes(WoftheRioNegroandRioDeminiandNoftheRioJapura). S. c. albigenavon Pusch, 1942 — C Colombia, in a small area between the E slopes of the Cordillera Oriental and the Eastern Llanos, from Boyaca and Arauca departments S to the upper Rio Guaviare in Meta, and the upper Rio Magdalena in Huila departments to elevations of 1500 m; the E limits of the distribution in the departments of Arauca and Casanare are unknown. in Cebidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.c.cassiquiarensisLesson,1840—ColombianAmazon(betweenriosVichadaandApaporisWtotheupperriosGuaviareandApaporisintheAndes),SVenezuela(upperOrinoco-Cassiquiare),andtheBrazilianAmazonNoftheRioSolimoes(WoftheRioNegroandRioDeminiandNoftheRioJapura). S. c. albigenavon Pusch, 1942 — C Colombia, in a small area between the E slopes of the Cordillera Oriental and the Eastern Llanos, from Boyaca and Arauca departments S to the upper Rio Guaviare in Meta, and the upper Rio Magdalena in Huila departments to elevations of 1500 m; the E limits of the distribution in the departments of Arauca and Casanare are unknown.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.o.olivaceusSchomburgk,1848—mightberestrictedtotheVenezuelanAmazonBasinfromtheupperRioOrinoco,andthroughouttheOrinocosavannaabovethemouthoftheRioMeta,asfarNandWastheSierradePerijaandtheVenezuelanC.o.dela C.o. (C.o. Range), to the left bank of the Rio Essequibo in W Guyana, in forests of the Guiana Shield; distributional limits separating the two subspecies are not well known. C. o. castaneus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851 — Guianas (possibly from the Rio Essequibo in Guyana E through Suriname and French Guiana) and N Brazil, where its distributional limits are not well known but are possibly marked by the rios Negro and Branco and Catrimani (right bank affluent of the Rio Branco) in the W, the Rio Amazonas in the S, and the Atlantic coast in the E, and it also occurs on Caviana and Mexiana Is in the estuary of the Rio Amazonas. Small numbers introduced as pets are now feral on Margarita I off the Venezuelan coast. in Cebidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.o.olivaceusSchomburgk,1848—mightberestrictedtotheVenezuelanAmazonBasinfromtheupperRioOrinoco,andthroughouttheOrinocosavannaabovethemouthoftheRioMeta,asfarNandWastheSierradePerijaandtheVenezuelanC.o.dela C.o. (C.o. Range), to the left bank of the Rio Essequibo in W Guyana, in forests of the Guiana Shield; distributional limits separating the two subspecies are not well known. C. o. castaneus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851 — Guianas (possibly from the Rio Essequibo in Guyana E through Suriname and French Guiana) and N Brazil, where its distributional limits are not well known but are possibly marked by the rios Negro and Branco and Catrimani (right bank affluent of the Rio Branco) in the W, the Rio Amazonas in the S, and the Atlantic coast in the E, and it also occurs on Caviana and Mexiana Is in the estuary of the Rio Amazonas. Small numbers introduced as pets are now feral on Margarita I off the Venezuelan coast.
Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.oerstediiReinhardt,1872—PacificcoastofSECostaRica(PuntarenasProvince)andSWPanama(ChiriquiProvince),fromtheSbankoftheRioGrandedeTérrabatothemouthoftheRioFonsecaandtheArchipelagooftheGolfodeChiriqui;inPanamaelevationsfromsealevelto500m. S. o. citrinellus Thomas, 1904 — historically along the Pacific coast of W Costa Rica in Puntarenas Province (elevations up to 500 m), the NE limit marked by the Rio Tulin in the N Herradura Mts (9° 40' N, 84° 35° W) and Dota Mts (9° 37' N, 84° 35° W), and the S limit by the N bank of the Rio Grande de Térraba (8° 25' N, 84° 25' W); its populations are entirely fragmented. in Cebidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.oerstediiReinhardt,1872—PacificcoastofSECostaRica(PuntarenasProvince)andSWPanama(ChiriquiProvince),fromtheSbankoftheRioGrandedeTérrabatothemouthoftheRioFonsecaandtheArchipelagooftheGolfodeChiriqui;inPanamaelevationsfromsealevelto500m. S. o. citrinellus Thomas, 1904 — historically along the Pacific coast of W Costa Rica in Puntarenas Province (elevations up to 500 m), the NE limit marked by the Rio Tulin in the N Herradura Mts (9° 40' N, 84° 35° W) and Dota Mts (9° 37' N, 84° 35° W), and the S limit by the N bank of the Rio Grande de Térraba (8° 25' N, 84° 25' W); its populations are entirely fragmented.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.m.melanocephalusHumboldt,1812—NWAmazoninSVenezuelaandNWBrazil,betweentheupperRioOrinocoandupperRioNegro. C. m. ayresi Boubli et al., 2008 — NW Amazon in Brazil, evidently limited to a small area comprising the Rio Curuduri Basin and the middle to lower Rio Araca N of the Rio Negro. in Phitheciidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.m.melanocephalusHumboldt,1812—NWAmazoninSVenezuelaandNWBrazil,betweentheupperRioOrinocoandupperRioNegro. C. m. ayresi Boubli et al., 2008 — NW Amazon in Brazil, evidently limited to a small area comprising the Rio Curuduri Basin and the middle to lower Rio Araca N of the Rio Negro.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.l.lateralisGould,1842—patchilyacrossSWesternAustralia,includingCapeRange,LittleSandyDesert,andthenearKellerberrininWheatbelt;alsoBarrowIandSalisburyI. P.l.hackettiThomas,1905—islandsofWilson,Mondrain,andWestall(RechercheArchipelago),WesternAustralia.Mayhaveoccurredhistoricallyalsoonadjacentmainland. P. l. pearson: Thomas, 1922 — North Pearson I, Investigator Group, South Australia. Introduced to South and Middle Pearson, Thistle, and Wedge Is, South Australia. A hitherto undescribed subspecies, the West Kimberley race, occurs (distributional limits uncertain) in Edgar, Grant, and Erskine Ranges and on Mt Wynne, Mt Anderson, and Mt Alexander, in S West Kimberley, Western Australia. A second undescribed subspecies, the MacDonnell Ranges race, is present in MacDonnell Ranges of C Australia, extending to E Western Australia and N South Australia. in Macropodidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.l.lateralisGould,1842—patchilyacrossSWesternAustralia,includingCapeRange,LittleSandyDesert,andthenearKellerberrininWheatbelt;alsoBarrowIandSalisburyI. P.l.hackettiThomas,1905—islandsofWilson,Mondrain,andWestall(RechercheArchipelago),WesternAustralia.Mayhaveoccurredhistoricallyalsoonadjacentmainland. P. l. pearson: Thomas, 1922 — North Pearson I, Investigator Group, South Australia. Introduced to South and Middle Pearson, Thistle, and Wedge Is, South Australia. A hitherto undescribed subspecies, the West Kimberley race, occurs (distributional limits uncertain) in Edgar, Grant, and Erskine Ranges and on Mt Wynne, Mt Anderson, and Mt Alexander, in S West Kimberley, Western Australia. A second undescribed subspecies, the MacDonnell Ranges race, is present in MacDonnell Ranges of C Australia, extending to E Western Australia and N South Australia.
Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.alstoniMerriam,1898—WCMichoacanEtoECVeracruzstates(CMexico). N. a. perotensis Merriam, 1898 — restricted to limited areas surrounding the Cofre de Perote Volcano in Veracruz State (CE Mexico). in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.alstoniMerriam,1898—WCMichoacanEtoECVeracruzstates(CMexico). N. a. perotensis Merriam, 1898 — restricted to limited areas surrounding the Cofre de Perote Volcano in Veracruz State (CE Mexico).
Subspecies and Distribution. A.a.argentatusSevertzov,1879—PamirMtsinEUzbekistan,Tajikistan,WChina,andNAfghanistan. A.a.blanfordiScully,1880—KashmirinNPakistanandNWIndia. A.a.parvidensSchlitter&Setzer,1973—KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvinceinNPakistan. A.a.phasmaG.S.Miller,1912—EKarakoruminSWChina(Xizang). A.a.severtzoviTichomirov&Korchagin,1889—TianShanMtsinKazakhstanandKyrgyzstan. A.a.subluteusThomas,1914—TianShanMtsinEKazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,andNWChina(Xinjiang). A.a.tarasoviRossolimo&Pavlinov,1992—TianShanMtsinKyrgyzstanandNWChina(Xinjiang). A. a. worthingtoni G. S. Miller, 1906 — Basin of Tekes, Tian Shan Mts, Xinjiang, NW China. Subspecies range limits poorly resolved and not all populations have subspecific names, including some mountain ranges in S & E Kazkhstan, E Uzbekistan, and NW China (Karatau, Nuratau, Dzungarian Alatau, Tarbagatai, and Saur Mts). in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A.a.argentatusSevertzov,1879—PamirMtsinEUzbekistan,Tajikistan,WChina,andNAfghanistan. A.a.blanfordiScully,1880—KashmirinNPakistanandNWIndia. A.a.parvidensSchlitter&Setzer,1973—KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvinceinNPakistan. A.a.phasmaG.S.Miller,1912—EKarakoruminSWChina(Xizang). A.a.severtzoviTichomirov&Korchagin,1889—TianShanMtsinKazakhstanandKyrgyzstan. A.a.subluteusThomas,1914—TianShanMtsinEKazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,andNWChina(Xinjiang). A.a.tarasoviRossolimo&Pavlinov,1992—TianShanMtsinKyrgyzstanandNWChina(Xinjiang). A. a. worthingtoni G. S. Miller, 1906 — Basin of Tekes, Tian Shan Mts, Xinjiang, NW China. Subspecies range limits poorly resolved and not all populations have subspecific names, including some mountain ranges in S & E Kazkhstan, E Uzbekistan, and NW China (Karatau, Nuratau, Dzungarian Alatau, Tarbagatai, and Saur Mts).
Subspecies and Distribution. C.h.hectoriVanBeneden,1881—threepopulationsdistributedaroundNewZealand'sSouthIsland. C. h. maui Baker, Smith & Pichler, 2002 — one population limited to the NW coast of New Zealand's North Island. in Delphinidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.h.hectoriVanBeneden,1881—threepopulationsdistributedaroundNewZealand'sSouthIsland. C. h. maui Baker, Smith & Pichler, 2002 — one population limited to the NW coast of New Zealand's North Island.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar. in Soricidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.parvusSay,1823—C&EUSAandSWCanadafromSWWyomingandCColoradoEtoNewYork,andfromCWisconsin,CMichigan,andSEOntarioStoTexasandFlorida. C. p. flonidanus Merriam, 1895 — NE Ohio, NW Tennessee, S Georgia, and N & S Florida; distributional limits are uncertain. in Soricidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.parvusSay,1823—C&EUSAandSWCanadafromSWWyomingandCColoradoEtoNewYork,andfromCWisconsin,CMichigan,andSEOntarioStoTexasandFlorida. C. p. flonidanus Merriam, 1895 — NE Ohio, NW Tennessee, S Georgia, and N & S Florida; distributional limits are uncertain.
Subspecies and Distribution. S.b.bedfordiaeThomas,1911—WSichuanandNEYunnan,China. S.b.gomphusG.M.Allen,1923—mostofYunnan,China,andadjacentMyanmar. S.b.nepalensisWeigel,1969—Nepal;recordsfromSTibet(=Xizang),China,mightbethissubspecies. S. b. wardi Thomas, 1911 — Gansu, Shaanxi, Chongqing, and W Hubei, China; distribution limits between subspecies bedfordiae and wardi are not clear. in Soricidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.b.bedfordiaeThomas,1911—WSichuanandNEYunnan,China. S.b.gomphusG.M.Allen,1923—mostofYunnan,China,andadjacentMyanmar. S.b.nepalensisWeigel,1969—Nepal;recordsfromSTibet(=Xizang),China,mightbethissubspecies. S. b. wardi Thomas, 1911 — Gansu, Shaanxi, Chongqing, and W Hubei, China; distribution limits between subspecies bedfordiae and wardi are not clear.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.w.wolfiMeyer,1891—DRCongo,betweentheCongoandSankururivers;StotheKasaiRiver(7°30"S);theCongo-LualabariversystemappearstobethemajorbarrierintheNandE. C.w.elegans—Dubois&Matschie,1912—DRCongobetweentheLomamiandLualabarivers(2—4°S),StothesavannaandNtothebarrierofaswampforestthatseparatesitfromthesubspecieswolfi. C. w. pyrogaster Lonnberg, 1919 — DR Congo S of Kasai River, limited to a narrow area between the Kwango River in the W and the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River, in the E. in Cercopithecidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.w.wolfiMeyer,1891—DRCongo,betweentheCongoandSankururivers;StotheKasaiRiver(7°30"S);theCongo-LualabariversystemappearstobethemajorbarrierintheNandE. C.w.elegans—Dubois&Matschie,1912—DRCongobetweentheLomamiandLualabarivers(2—4°S),StothesavannaandNtothebarrierofaswampforestthatseparatesitfromthesubspecieswolfi. C. w. pyrogaster Lonnberg, 1919 — DR Congo S of Kasai River, limited to a narrow area between the Kwango River in the W and the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River, in the E.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.cynocephalusLinnaeus,1766—Tanzania,Malawi,EZambia(EofLuangwaRiver),andNMozambique. P. c. ibeanus Thomas, 1893 — SE Somalia, E Kenya (including Manda I), and NE Tanzania; possibly in extreme SE Ethiopia but the N limit in Somalia is not known. in Cercopithecidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.cynocephalusLinnaeus,1766—Tanzania,Malawi,EZambia(EofLuangwaRiver),andNMozambique. P. c. ibeanus Thomas, 1893 — SE Somalia, E Kenya (including Manda I), and NE Tanzania; possibly in extreme SE Ethiopia but the N limit in Somalia is not known.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.a.assamensisMcClelland,1839—S&SEAsia,200-2750mabovesealevel,EofthegreatbendoftheBrahmaputraRiver,inSWChina(SEXizangAutonomousRegion[=Tibet],SWYunnan,Guizhou,SWGuangxiprovinces),NEIndia(EArunachalPradesh,EAssam,Nagaland,Meghalaya,M.a.,Mizoram,andTripurastates),SandEthroughN&EMyanmar,N&WThailand,Laos,andNVietnam. M. a. pelops Hodgson, 1840 — Himalayas up to 3100 m above sea level, from C Nepal (W limit Tipling, 83° 36' E) E through NE India (N West Bengal, Sikkim, W Assam states), and Bhutan (E limit M.a. River, 90° 58" E), with a widely disjunct record, of what may be a geographic relict, in coastal SW Bangladesh (Sundarbans). in Cercopithecidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.a.assamensisMcClelland,1839—S&SEAsia,200-2750mabovesealevel,EofthegreatbendoftheBrahmaputraRiver,inSWChina(SEXizangAutonomousRegion[=Tibet],SWYunnan,Guizhou,SWGuangxiprovinces),NEIndia(EArunachalPradesh,EAssam,Nagaland,Meghalaya,M.a.,Mizoram,andTripurastates),SandEthroughN&EMyanmar,N&WThailand,Laos,andNVietnam. M. a. pelops Hodgson, 1840 — Himalayas up to 3100 m above sea level, from C Nepal (W limit Tipling, 83° 36' E) E through NE India (N West Bengal, Sikkim, W Assam states), and Bhutan (E limit M.a. River, 90° 58" E), with a widely disjunct record, of what may be a geographic relict, in coastal SW Bangladesh (Sundarbans).
Subspecies and Distribution. A. g. guariba Humboldt, 1812 — Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the Rio Sao Francisco (although the Rio Paraguacu is the northernmost known locality) to the Rio Doce; however, based on his studies of morphology and pelage color patterns Gregorin in 2006 indicated that it extends from the Rio Paraguacu in Bahia State, S along the coast across the lower Rio Jequitinhonha extending inland somewhat into Minas Gerais State, S through the Rio Doce valley as far the Rio Paraiba do Sul Basin in Rio de Janeiro. A. g. clamitans Cabrera, 1940 — Brazilian Atlantic Forest S of Rio Doce (but Gregorin has recently identified howlers of the upper Rio Doce, Rio Matip6 and Caratinga, and the middle and upper Rio Jequitinhonha as marking the N limits of this subspecies) through the S of Espirito Santo to Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sulstates (S limit is Rio Camaqua Basin in Rio Grande do Sul, 31° 10" S, where the Atlantic Forest gives way to the Pampas grasslands), and inland in the forested E of Minas Gerais ("Zona da Mata") and the Brazilian Highlands; also in NE Argentina (E of the Mts in Misiones Province to ¢.28° S). in Atelidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A. g. guariba Humboldt, 1812 — Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the Rio Sao Francisco (although the Rio Paraguacu is the northernmost known locality) to the Rio Doce; however, based on his studies of morphology and pelage color patterns Gregorin in 2006 indicated that it extends from the Rio Paraguacu in Bahia State, S along the coast across the lower Rio Jequitinhonha extending inland somewhat into Minas Gerais State, S through the Rio Doce valley as far the Rio Paraiba do Sul Basin in Rio de Janeiro. A. g. clamitans Cabrera, 1940 — Brazilian Atlantic Forest S of Rio Doce (but Gregorin has recently identified howlers of the upper Rio Doce, Rio Matip6 and Caratinga, and the middle and upper Rio Jequitinhonha as marking the N limits of this subspecies) through the S of Espirito Santo to Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sulstates (S limit is Rio Camaqua Basin in Rio Grande do Sul, 31° 10" S, where the Atlantic Forest gives way to the Pampas grasslands), and inland in the forested E of Minas Gerais ("Zona da Mata") and the Brazilian Highlands; also in NE Argentina (E of the Mts in Misiones Province to ¢.28° S).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.b.bilabiatumWagner,1843—E&SBrazil,Paraguay,andNEArgentina(Misiones). P.b. magnum Owen & Webster, 1983 — SE Bolivia (Santa Cruz Department) and NW Argentina (Salta Province). Records from Suriname (including the type of S. microdon by W. K. H. Peters in 1863) are controversial; several authors consider that this was probably a mistake in the annotated locality. Despite intense collecting efforts in Suriname in the last 40 years, there was no record of Pygoderma; its northern limit is E Brazil, and it is only known from Cerrado and Mata Atlantica ecoregions. No voucheris securely assigned to a Suriname location, so it is not included as part ofits distribution. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.b.bilabiatumWagner,1843—E&SBrazil,Paraguay,andNEArgentina(Misiones). P.b. magnum Owen & Webster, 1983 — SE Bolivia (Santa Cruz Department) and NW Argentina (Salta Province). Records from Suriname (including the type of S. microdon by W. K. H. Peters in 1863) are controversial; several authors consider that this was probably a mistake in the annotated locality. Despite intense collecting efforts in Suriname in the last 40 years, there was no record of Pygoderma; its northern limit is E Brazil, and it is only known from Cerrado and Mata Atlantica ecoregions. No voucheris securely assigned to a Suriname location, so it is not included as part ofits distribution.
Subspecies and Distribution. H.l.larLinnaeus,1771—MalayPeninsula,from9°NtotheMudahRiverandSofthePerakRiver. H.l.carpenteriGroves,1968—EMyanmar,NWLaos,andNWThailand,fromChiengDaoat19°22°Nto¢.16°N.H..entelloides1.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1842—SMyanmarandSWThailand,fromc.15°No10°N. H.l.vestitusG.S.Miller,1942—NSumatra,NWofLakeTobaandtheSingkilRiver. H. l. yunnanensis Ma & Wang, 1986 — S China (SW Yunnan Province), the northernmost subspecies, originally between the Nujiang (= Salween) and Lancangjiang (= Mekong) rivers in the counties of Cangyuan, Menglian, and Ximeng; by the 1960s limited to the Nangun River at elevations of 1000-1500 m, but now probably extinct there. in Hylobatidae
Subspecies and Distribution. H.l.larLinnaeus,1771—MalayPeninsula,from9°NtotheMudahRiverandSofthePerakRiver. H.l.carpenteriGroves,1968—EMyanmar,NWLaos,andNWThailand,fromChiengDaoat19°22°Nto¢.16°N.H..entelloides1.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1842—SMyanmarandSWThailand,fromc.15°No10°N. H.l.vestitusG.S.Miller,1942—NSumatra,NWofLakeTobaandtheSingkilRiver. H. l. yunnanensis Ma & Wang, 1986 — S China (SW Yunnan Province), the northernmost subspecies, originally between the Nujiang (= Salween) and Lancangjiang (= Mekong) rivers in the counties of Cangyuan, Menglian, and Ximeng; by the 1960s limited to the Nangun River at elevations of 1000-1500 m, but now probably extinct there.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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OpenNeuro
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