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Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER Core Data Process Data 1984 - 2016
Data useful for calculating and evaluating primary production processes were collected from 6 lakes from 1984-2016. Chlorophyll a and pheophytin were measured by the same fluorometric method from 1984-2016. In some years chlorophyll and pheophytin were separated into size fractions (total, and a 'small' fraction that passed a 35 um mesh screen). Primary production was measured by the 14C method from 1984-1998. Dissolved inorganic carbon for primary production calculation was calculated from Gran alkalinity titration and air-equilibrated pH until 1987 when this method was replaced by gas chromatography. Until 1995 alkaline phosphatase activity was measured as an indicator of phosphorus deficiency.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER Core Data Zooplankton 1984 - 2019
Zooplankton data from 1984-2019. Sampled approximately weekly with two net hauls through the water column (30 cm diameter net, 80 um mesh). There have been over eight zooplankton counters during this period, so species-level identifications (TAX, below) are not as consistent as those for some of the other datasets. Sampling Frequency: varies; Number of sites: 8
Long-term fish size data for Wisconsin Lakes Department of Natural Resources and North Temperate Lakes LTER 1944 - 2012 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/345/4, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/357/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset describes long-term (1944-2012) variations in individual fish total lengths from Wisconsin lakes. The dataset includes information on 1.9 million individual fish, representing 19 species. Data were collected by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resource fisheries biologists as part of routine lake fisheries assessments. Individual survey methodologies varied over space and time and are described in more detail by Rypel, A. et al., 2016. Seventy-Year Retrospective on Size-Structure Changes in the Recreational Fisheries of Wisconsin. Fisheries, 41, pp.230-243. Available at: http://afs.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03632415.2016.1160894
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER – Daily Bloom Data for Whole Lake Experiments 2011 - 2019
Daily measurements of algal bloom variables (chlorophyll, phycocyanin fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, and pH) from the surface waters of Paul, Peter, and Tuesday lakes from mid-May to early September for the years 2011 to 2019, excluding 2012 and 2017. In some years, Peter (2013-2015, 2019) and Tuesday (2013-2015) lakes had inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus added to them daily to cause algal blooms while Paul Lake served as an unmanipulated reference.
Soil nitrogen availability vs. acidification: effects on soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration, and soil physicochemical properties in mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA (2019-2022)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains soil physicochemical properties (soil pH, resin available nitrogen), soil temperature, in situ soil respiration, and heterotrophic respiration measured from laboratory incubations of soils collected from experimental plots. Soil pH was measured both pre-treatment (2009-2010) and after 8 and 11 years of experimental treatment. All other properties were measured between 9 and 12 years after treatment initiation.
Ant Functional Diversity in Temperate Zone Forests: A Comparison with Neotropical Ants 2010
Predicted impacts of climatic change on ant functional diversity and distributions in eastern North American forests Aims--Climatic change is expected to rearrange species assemblages and ultimately affect organism-mediated ecosystem processes. We focus on identifying patterns and relationships between common ant species (representing 99% of total ant records) richness and functional diversity; modelling how these patterns may change at local and regional scales in future climatic conditions; and interpreting how these changes might influence ant-mediated ecosystem processes. Location--Forested ecosystems of eastern North America. Methods--We used a previously published dataset to evaluate functional diversity at 67 sites in the eastern U.S. and quantified 14 taxonomic, morphometric and natural history traits for 70 common ant species in the region. We used functional diversity metrics, functional groups and species distribution modelling methods to address our aims. We used stacked species distribution models and stacked functional group models to predict species assemblages and functional richness at the 67 sites and at a regional scale for current and future climatic conditions. Results--Species richness and functional diversity are positively correlated throughout the region. Under future climate scenarios, species richness and functional group richness were predicted to decrease in southern ecoregions and increase in northern ecoregions. This may be due to increased thermal stress for species in the southern extent of their ranges and increased habitat suitability in the northern ecoregions. Decomposers, arthropod community regulators and seed dispersers are forecast to be the most threatened ant functional groups. Main Conclusions--Climate change will likely lead to major changes in ant species richness and functional group richness in the forests of the north-eastern United States, and this may substantially alter ant-mediated ecosystem processes and services
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Groundwater Chemistry 1984 - current
Water chemistry is measured annually in 11 monitoring wells to characterize regional groundwater chemistry in the Trout Lake area. The chemical parameters measured include pH, conductivity, total alkalinity, disolved inorganic and organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrae, ammonia, total phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, soium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, iron, manganese, total silica and dissolved reactive silica. Chemical data areavailable at a quarterly sampling frequency for some years. In addition (see related data set - Groundwater Level), water levels in 37 monitoring wells are measured several times per year. The wells are scattered throughout the Trout Lake hydrological basin and the data are used to calibrate and test regional groundwater flow models. Sampling Frequency: annually - with some earlier data from quarterly sampling Number of sites: 11
Lake Metabolism at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000
Recent literature suggests that for many lakes and rivers, the respiratory breakdown of organic matter (R) exceeds production of organic matter by photosynthesis (gross primary production; GPP) within the water body. This metabolic balance (GPP less than R; heterotrophy ) implies that allochthonous organic matter supports a portion of the aquatic ecosystems respiration. Evidence that many lakes are heterotrophic comes from diverse approaches, and debate remains over the circumstances in which heterotrophy exists. The methods used to estimate GPP and R and the limited extent of lake types studied, especially with respect to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, are two reasons for differing conclusions. In this study, O2 and CO2 sondes were deployed during July and August, 2000 to measure diel gas dynamics in the surface waters of 25 lakes in the Northern Highland Lake district of Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The lakes were chosen to span wide and orthogonal ranges in DOC and TP concentrations. From these data, we calculated GPP, R and net ecosystem production (NEP=GPP-R). Over the broad range in TP and DOC among the lakes, diel CO2 and O2 changed on a near 1:1 molar ratio. Metabolism estimates from the two gases were comparable, except at high pH. Most lakes in our data set had -NEP, but GPP and R appeared to be controlled by different factors. TP correlated strongly with GPP, whereas DOC correlated with R. At low DOC concentrations, GPP and R were nearly equal, but at higher DOC, GPP and R uncoupled and lakes had -NEP. Strong correlations between lake metabolism and landscape related variables suggest that allochthonous carbon influences lake metabolism. Sampling Frequency: Chemical parameters and physical properties sampled from 1 to 4 times during the summer. Time series data step is 30 minutes. Number of sites: Time series data for 25 lakes. Chemical and physical data from 31 lakes.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Primary Production - Trout Lake Area 1986 - 2007
Crystal, Sparkling and Trout lakes are sampled approximately fortnightly throughout the ice free period and water is returned to the lab for 3 hour in vivo incubations at ambient temperature. On an annual rotation, one of the lakes is sampled to the bottom of the photic zone (ie. 0.5% of surface light) while only the epilimnion of the other 2 lakes is sampled. All samples are integrated by thermal layer and 14C uptake is deternimed at 10 light levels using a metal-halide lamp. All samples are acidified and bubbled before liquid scintillation counting and uptake is dark bottle corrected. DIC and chlorophyll are also measured. Each P-I (photosynthetic uptake vs irradiance ) set is further reduced to 3 parameters (alpha, beta, and Pmax) based on the work of Platt 1980. In addition, thermal information and lake light transparency profiles (collected approximately fortnightly on these three LTER lakes) along with daily incident PAR at 30 minute intervals (measured at Noble F. Lee Municipal Airport, Woodruff, WI) provide input to a mechanistic model of lake primary productivity. Primary productivity for a lake is calculated from productivity parameters derived from the laboratory uptake experiments, coupled with the lakes' thermal and light regimes. 1. PI parameters: Productivity (P), as a function of irradiance (I), is described by a hyperbolic tangent curve with three parameters (Platt 1980). The three parameters describe the initial slope of the curve, the I at which maximum P occurs, and the decay rate of P, following maximum P. All three parameters are fit simultaneously to laboratory observations, using minimization of a least squares objective function (Matlab v. 6, Mathworks, Inc.). The parameters allow for the calculation of P, as a function of I, for a given thermal stratum of a given lake on a given day. 2. LEC: Light extinction coefficients (LEC) for each lake are calculated as the slope of the best fit line through the natural logs of observations of light at
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Manure Managment in Urbanizing Settings 2003 - 2004
The management of manure in urbanizing settings is a critical issue in the Lake Mendota watershed. The primary focus of this project was to examine the difficulties faced by livestock operations when managing manure on field systems that are fragmented by development. A survey regarding manure management was sent to Dane County, WI farms within the Lake Mendota watershed. The survey was conducted in two phases; March to May 2003 and March to May 2004. This dataset and accompanying survey entitled "Manure Management on the Urban Fringe" is available for users wishing to ascertain animal feeding operation size and management patterns in the Lake Mendota watershed. The data also include the distance from animal feeding operations to nearest urban centers via Euclidean (crow flies) and Road Network distances. Results suggest that exurban developments exert a strong influence on manure management routines of livestock producers. This influence is very local. Farmers in an urbanizing setting were more likely to encounter problems during manure hauling when the fields they were accessing were in close proximity to urban developments, regardless of their proximity to the urban core. The distances and times required to haul manure between the farm and the most distant field increased in the last five years. Land rental rates steadily increased at the same time that lease lengths shortened. Cash grain land tends to be sparse as livestock producers compete with developers for tracts on which to distribute manure. Manure brokering is a possible strategy to monitor land availability and coordinate manure placement between farms Cabot, P. E., S. K. Bowen, and P. J. Nowak. 2004. Manure management in urbanizing settings. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59:235-243. The survey "Manure Management on the Urban Fringe" was developed with assistance from Roger Schmidt and Charmaine Tryon-Petith with the Integrated Crop and Pest Management Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological - Trout Lake Buoy2 - ADCP 2005 - 2006
This instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is associated with this buoy. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. The thermistors are placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 13m, and meteorological sensors measure relative humidity, air temperature and wind parameters. In the fall of 2005, the buoy also included 4 Greenspan dissolved oxygen sensors placed at depths from the lake surface to 10m. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Trout Lake Buoy2 - ADCP 2005 - 2006
This instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 13m. The Trout Lake buoy is also equipped with meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure and weather conditions. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is associated with this buoy. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Dissolved Oxygen Data - Trout Lake Buoy2 - ADCP 2005
During the fall 2005, this instrumented buoy on Trout Lake was equipped with 4 Greenspan dissolved oxygen sensors placed at depths from the lake surface to 10m. Parameters measured at each depth included dissolved oxygen (DO), DO saturation and water temperature. Currently, this buoy measures air temperature, relative humidity and various wind parameters. It also is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 13m. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is associated with this buoy. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Dissolved oxygen (DO) data were collected for period 27 Aug 2005 through 3 Nov 2005. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Coordinated Field Studies: Riparian Littoral Sites 2001 - 2004
General descriptive data for sites sampled as part of the "cross-lake comparison" segment of the Biocomplexity Project (Landscape Context - Coordinated Field Studies). The goal of the study was to explore the links between terrestrial and aquatic systems across a gradient of residential development and lake landscape position. Specifically, this project attempted to relate the abundance of Coarse Wood in the littoral zone with abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic features of the adjacent shoreline. Sampling Frequency: each site sampled once Number of sites: 488 sites on 61 Vilas County lakes were sampled from 2001-2004 (approximately 15 different lakes each year; eight sites per lake).
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Littoral Plots 2001 - 2009
In 2001 - 2004 the abundance of coarse wood and other aspects of the physical structure of the littoral zone were surveyed along transects that followed the 0.5 m depth contour at 488 sites in Vilas County. These data were collected as part of the "cross-lake comparison" segment of the Biocomplexity Project (Landscape Context - Coordinated Field Studies). The study explored the links between terrestrial and aquatic systems across a gradient of residential development and lake landscape position. Specifically, this project attempted to relate the abundance of Coarse Wood in the littoral zone with abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic features of the adjacent shoreline. Each of the 488 sites was a 50 m stretch of shoreline. The transects started and ended at the beginning and end of the site; the length of each transect, therefore, varied. Logs which were at least 150 cm in length were counted; more detailed descriptions were taken of logs at least 10 cm in diameter and 150 cm long. Information on littoral and shoreline substrate was also collected. Sampling Frequency: each site sampled once Number of sites: 488 sites on 61 Vilas County lakes were sampled from 2001-2004 (approximately 15 different lakes each year; eight sites per lake).
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Riparian Plots 2001 - 2004
Living and dead trees and abiotic and anthropogenic characteristics of the shoreline were surveyed at 488 sites around lakes in Vilas County. These data were collected as part of the "cross-lake comparison" segment of the Biocomplexity Project (Landscape Context - Coordinated Field Studies). The study explored the links between terrestrial and aquatic systems across a gradient of residential development and lake landscape position. Specifically, this project attempted to relate the abundance of coarse wood in the littoral zone with abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic features of the adjacent shore. At each of the 488 sites, three 100 sq m plots, extending from the shoreline 10 m inland, were sampled. Additional plots farther inland were sampled at some sites. At each plot the survey team recorded the general appearance of the plot, measured all trees at least 5 cm dbh, measured and described downed wood and snags at least 10 cm in diameter, and recorded any overhanging trees. Saplings (at least 30 cm tall, but less than 5 cm dbh) were counted in two 5m x 5m plots per site. Sampling Frequency: each site sampled once Number of sites: 488 sites on 61 Vilas County lakes were sampled from 2001-2004 (approximately 15 different lakes each year; eight sites per lake).
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Littoral Macrophytes 2001 - 2004
The aquatic vegetation of 60 lakes selected for the "cross-lake comparison" segment of the Biocomplexity Project was surveyed during the month of August in years 2001 through 2004. The study lakes are located in Vilas County, Wisconsin and were chosen to represent a range of positions on gradients of both human development and landscape position. The purpose of the macrophyte portion of the "cross-lake comparison" study was to evaluate the roles of landscape position and human development in the presence and composition of macrophyte communities.
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Predation Study Data 2000 - 2004
These data were collected to track changes in dietary composition, changes in age and growth structure, and changes in species and size of prey of fish predators in Sparkling Lake, Vilas County, WI, USA. Sampling began in May of 2000 and ended in September of 2004. Fish were collected with a boat-mounted electrofishing system, usually by conducting a complete lap around Sparkling Lake shortly after dark. Commonly captured species were rock bass, smallmouth bass, and walleye. Less common species were pumpkinseed sunfish and yellow perch. Dietary Composition: Fish stomach contents were collected by gastric lavage, and fish were released after capture. Stomach contents were sorted and counted by major taxonomic groups, dried in polystyrene weighboats at 57 deg C for 48hrs, and then weighed to 0.001g. The count under a taxonomic group heading indicates how many individuals of that group were found in that diet sample. The mass of that group is given in the adjacent ''net wt'' column. Diets varied across sampling dates and years, with a trend towards decreased abundance of the exotics rusty crayfish and rainbow smelt and increased reliance on native minnows. Prey Data: Fish stomach contents were collected by gastric lavage, and fish were released after capture. Once collected, crayfish and fish prey were measured unless advanced digestion had occurred. If possible, the carapace, right chela and left chela of crayfish prey were measured . Due to digestion, it was usually not possible to get all three measurements. The total length of prey fish was recorded. Young-of-year smelt and crayfish were often too small or digested to measure; these were often just counted. Gut labels on each sampling date correspond with the same gut labels in other datasets. Prey fish and crayfish size and composition varied across sampling dates and years, with a trend towards decreased abundance of rusty crayfish and rainbow smelt and increased reliance on native minnows. Age Growth Data: Scale
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Study Lakes
The seven NTL-LTER primary study lakes in the Trout Lake Region include Allequash Lake, Big Muskellunge Lake, Crystal Bog, Crystal Lake, Sparkling Lake, Trout Lake, and Trout Bog. This data set provides locations for these lakes, as well as attributes including the lake names, NTL-LTER lake identification codes, Water Body Identification Codes (WBICs), and other fields that may be used to reference individual lakes.
North Temperate Lakes LTER Northern Highland Lake District Coarse Woody Debris Logs
Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important, but often neglected, component of lake ecosystems. It is ecologically valuable because it creates littoral habitat complexity but it is susceptible to manipulation by riparian process, in particular removal by property owners. The objective of this study is to determine the spatial scales at which human and environmental factors contribute to coarse woody debris input and output dynamics. Coarse woody debris, boat docks, and riparian trees (with the potential of becoming CWD) around the five lakes of the NTL-LTER site (Trout Lake, Allequash Lake (north basin), Sparkling Lake, Crystal Lake, and Big Muskellunge Lake) were measured in 1996 and 1997. CWD was defined as logs: greater than 2 m length, greater than 15 cm diameter, mostly submersed in lake, less than 25 m from shore, and less than 2 m water depth. Locations were determined as average of greater than 30 dGPS positions. Numbered aluminum tags were attached to each log to facilitate the long-term study of CWD. Return visits to Sparkling and Trout Lakes in 1997 found some tags had been removed by ice or vandals. Heavier tags were attached to these logs. The 1997 re-survey and tag check was not complete.
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