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81 results for “temperate grasslands”
Data from: Increasing photosynthetic benefit with decreasing irrigation frequency in an Australian temperate grassland exposed to elevated carbon dioxide
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Linking leaf economic traits with forage quality across temperate grasslands under ambient and drought conditions
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Local and landscape environmental heterogeneity drive ant community structure in temperate semi-natural upland grasslands
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Data from: Rooting depth and specific leaf area modify the impact of experimental drought duration on temperate grassland species
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Data from: Plant traits and tissue stoichiometry explain nutrient transfer in common arbuscular mycorrhizal networks of temperate grasslands
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Data from: Soil carbon maintained by perennial grasslands over 30 years but lost in field crop systems in a temperate Mollisol
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Nutrient effects on drought responses vary across common temperate grassland species
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Plant functional diversity regulates the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities in temperate grasslands of northern China
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Grazing regulates temperate grassland multidimensional stability facing extreme winter snowfall reductions by influencing below-ground bud density
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Abiotic environments prevail over plant functional traits in shaping phyllosphere fungal communities of temperate grasslands in China
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Deepened snow cover mitigates soil carbon loss from intensive land use in a semi-arid temperate grassland
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Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species
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Data from: Assemblies of leaf and root mycobiomes in a temperate grassland: Dispersal limitation overpowers selection
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Functional attributes of conifers expanding into temperate semi-arid grasslands modulate carbon and nitrogen fluxes in response to prescribed fire
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Data from: Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonisation levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important plant symbionts, but we know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional group on the AMF community composition. To examine effects of the surrounding plant community, of host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a long-term field experiment. Within four types of manipulated grassland plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12 weeks, and AMF in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we characterised the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool) and quantified plot abiotic conditions. The largest determinant of AMF community composition was the pool of available AMF, varying at metre scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was the host functional group. The differences between grasses and dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect on AMF colonisation intensity in grass hosts. Using a manipulative field experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host and surrounding vegetation.
Climate change and defoliation interact to affect root length across northern temperate grasslands
<p>1. Grassland plants, especially their root systems, are dynamic and can buffer changes resulting from exposure to multiple stressors; however, the interactive stressor effects on root dynamics and associated aboveground growth are poorly understood.</p> <p>2. Here, we examine the effects of changed precipitation and air temperature, and defoliation intensity on root length dynamics and aboveground biomass using the third year data from a multifactor experiment conducted across three northern temperate grasslands.</p> <p>3. We found that root length was more sensitive to the changes in environmental and management conditions than root mass, demonstrating the importance of root length as an indicator of rapid root system changes. Across all sites, warming, altered precipitation, and defoliation intensity interacted to affect root length while aboveground biomass was only affected by defoliation intensity, indicating that the root system was more responsive than aboveground biomass when climatic conditions change. Overall, drought reduced root length, particularly under low defoliation intensity, as well as in combination with warming and heavy defoliation, highlighting the risk of additive effects of such environmental stresses. Across unclipped plots, aboveground biomass was positively associated with total root length, the latter of which further interacted with precipitation, to affect aboveground biomass. Compared to defoliated communities, non-defoliated plant communities exhibited a greater ability to maintain aboveground biomass under drought conditions via increases in root system efficiency (the amount of aboveground biomass produced per unit of root length invested).</p> <p>4. Our results highlight the rapid change of root length in the face of interactive stressors. We postulate that the degree of stability in aboveground biomass is driven by the altered root system dynamics or species turnover. Future studies are warranted that more directly assess how root length responses under climate change impact other important plant traits in grasslands.</p>
Mowing does not redress the negative effect of nutrient addition on alpha and beta diversity in a temperate grassland
<p>Species loss due to an increasing number of added nutrients has been explained by both light competition through biomass increase and by niche dimension reduction as a result of species specific limiting soil resources trade-offs. Disturbances, by reducing community biomass, species dominance and increasing light availability, may counteract above ground nutrient effects. However, it is unknown if diversity loss at local or spatial scales generated by increasing number of added nutrients can be redressed with canopy disturbance.</p> <p>We evaluated if local (alpha) and spatial scale (beta) diversity loss generated by the number of added nutrients can be reverted by disturbances in Flooding Pampa grasslands, Argentina. In a 4-yr replicated field experiment, we added soil resources combining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to obtain 0, 1, 2 or 3 nutrients and manipulated the regime of canopy disturbance by seasonal mowing and biomass removal.</p> <p>We found that the increasing number of added nutrients strongly reduced local and spatial plant diversity, despite biomass and light changes generated by mowing. In mown plots, nutrient driven local diversity loss was intensified along time, thus increasing species dominance. While mowing did not affect dominant species loss, increasing number of added nutrients promoted rare species loss and reduced spatial dissimilarity. Furthermore, mowing increased local and spatial diversity regardless light or biomass effects, suggesting alternative pathway effects for disturbance.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our results demonstrated that even when disturbance generated a positive effect on local and spatial diversity, it did not completely counteract the negative effect of number of added nutrients. Thus, the relative importance of above and belowground resource competition may change when chronic disturbances alter community dominance. Under low light availability, above-ground competition may drive species richness loss but when disturbance reduces light limitation, the increasing number of added nutrients may reduce niche dimensionality and thus species coexistence. In sum, faced with the need to manage eutrophized grasslands, our study showed that disturbance may not completely mitigate the negative effect of multiple nutrient inputs on local and spatial grassland diversi</p>
Data from: Are belowground clonal traits good predictors of ecosystem functioning in temperate grasslands?
<p>Dataset contains data on biomass distribution, soil characteristics and trait data for 52 temperate grasslands. Data are presented at community level. Biomass distribution (aboveground biomass, rhizome biomass, and root biomass) and soil chemistry data are original. The trait data are from existing databases and are presented as averages for a community (not weighted by species abundance).</p>
Data from: Fine-scale belowground species associations in temperate grassland
Evaluating how belowground processes contribute to plant community dynamics is hampered by limited information on the spatial structure of root communities at the scale that plants interact belowground. In this study, roots were mapped to the nearest one mm and molecularly identified by species on vertical (0–15 cm deep) surfaces of soil blocks excavated from dry and mesic grasslands in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to examine the spatial relationships among species at the scale that roots interact. Our results indicated that average interspecific root – root distances for the majority of species were within a distance (3 mm) that roots have been shown to compete for resources. Most species placed their roots at random, although low root numbers for many species probably led to overestimating the occurrence of random patterns. According to theory, we expected that most of the remaining species would segregate their root systems to avoid competition. Instead we found that more species aggregated than segregated from others. Based on previous investigations, we hypothesize that species aggregate to increase uptake of water, nitrogen and/or phosphorus made available by neighbouring roots, or as a consequence of a reduction in the pathogenicity of soil biota growing in multispecies mixtures. Our results indicate that YNP grassland root communities are organized as closely interdigitating networks of species that potentially can support strong interactions among many species combinations. Future root research should address the prevalence and functional consequences of species aggregation across plant communities.
Data from: Yield of temperate forage grassland species is either largely resistant or resilient to experimental summer drought
Due to climate change, an increasing frequency and severity of drought events are expected to impair grassland productivity, particularly of intensively managed temperate grasslands. To assess drought impacts, a common field experiment to manipulate precipitation was set up at three sites (two Swiss and one Irish) using monocultures and mixtures with two and four key forage species. Species differed in their functional traits: a shallow-rooted non-legume (Lolium perenne L.), a deep-rooted non-legume (Cichorium intybus L.), a shallow-rooted legume (Trifolium repens L.) and a deep-rooted legume (Trifolium pratense L.). A nine-week summer drought was simulated and soil water status and above-ground biomass yield were compared to a rainfed control. Based on soil water measurements, the drought induced severe stress at both Swiss sites and extreme stress at the Irish site. Under severe drought, the legumes were more drought-resistant and showed an average change in above-ground biomass (CAB, compared to rainfed control) of only -8% and -24% (for the two Swiss sites) while the non-legumes had an average CAB of -51% and -68%. However, under extreme drought, all species were substantially impaired, with an average CAB of -85%. During a six-week post-drought period with adequate water supply (Swiss sites), formerly drought-stressed species were highly resilient and attained (legumes) or clearly outperformed (non-legumes) the yield level of the rainfed controls. As a result, aggregated over the drought and the post-drought periods, a negative drought impact was largely absent. Significant overyielding by multi-species mixtures was evident under rainfed control (+38% predicted CAB across all sites, P < 0.05) and persisted under severe drought conditions (+50%, P < 0.05). This overyielding was so large that drought-stressed mixtures at least attained the same yield as the average of the rainfed monocultures. Yields of selected species of intensively managed temperate grasslands are either resistant to a single severe drought or are highly resilient as soon as soil moisture levels recover after the drought event. Combining species in mixtures can compensate for yield reductions caused by severe drought and it offers a practical management tool to adapt forage production to climate change.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.