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63 results for “terrestrial ecology”
Figure 2 in Terrestrial invertebrates surviving San Ambrosio island's ecological catastrophe reinforce biogeographic affinities between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands
Figure 2. Deforestation of the Thamnoseris lacerata forest. (a) Historical picture taken around 1980 showing the extent of the T. lacerata forest on San Ambrosio. Photo credit: "Isla San Ambrosio, 1980" In: Chile a color, Geografía. Colección Biblioteca Antártica, Vol. I. pag. 437. Direction and production: Isabel Margarita Aguirre and other authors. Editorial Antártica 1983, Santiago de Chile. (b) Picture taken in September 2018, showing the same approximate location of a deforested landscape on San Ambrosio. Photo credit: Lukas Mekis / Island Conservation.
A global ecological signal of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates
<p>To determine the distribution and causes of extinction threat across functional groups of terrestrial vertebrates, we assembled a dataset on ecological traits for 18,016 species and tested, using phylogenetic comparative methods, which categories of habitat association, mode of locomotion, and feeding mode best predict extinction risk. We found that cave-dwelling amphibians, brachiating mammals (all of which are primates), aerial and scavenging birds, and pedal squamates are all disproportionately threatened with extinction. Across four vertebrate classes, agriculture, followed by logging, and then invasive species and disease are the most common risk factors of extinction. The most endangered species show simultaneous risk from multiple threat types. The disproportionate loss of species with certain functional traits, combined with increasing anthropogenic pressures, is likely to disrupt ecosystem functions globally if left unabated. A shift in focus from species- to trait-centric conservation practices will allow for the protection of at-risk functional diversity from regional to global scales.</p>
Figure 6 in Three terrestrial Pleistocene coucals (Centropus: Cuculidae) from southern Australia: biogeographical and ecological significance
Figure 6. Body mass estimates for extant cuculids, using eight regression equations derived from Campbell & Marcus (1992); estimates are expressed as a proportion of published mean body mass for each species (Dunning, 2008; Erritzøe et al., 2012) (e.g. a value of 2 on the y-axis indicates that the estimated body mass is double the average for that species). Abbreviations: C., Centropus; E., Eudynamys; S., Scythrops.
Figure 9 in Three terrestrial Pleistocene coucals (Centropus: Cuculidae) from southern Australia: biogeographical and ecological significance
Figure 9. Subtrees of the phylogeny shown in Figure 8, showing differences in topology amongst the 16 shortest trees on which the consensus tree is based (topologies shown at A, B, C, and D were each recovered four times). Changes in the positions of Coua, Centropus phasianinus, Centropus violaceus, and Centropus maximus sp. nov. show that there was conflict in the relationships of the Centropus and Coua taxa.
Figure 4 in Three terrestrial Pleistocene coucals (Centropus: Cuculidae) from southern Australia: biogeographical and ecological significance
Figure 4. Referred material of Centropus bairdi sp. nov. from Leaena's Breath Cave, Nullarbor Plain, south-central Australia. Right tibiotarsus WAM 09.3.279 in cranial (A) and caudal (B) aspects; left tarsometatarsus WAM 09.3.280 in dorsal (C), plantar (D), and proximal (E) aspects; left tarsometatarsus of Centropus phasianinus MV B.12969 (F) in plantar aspect provided for comparison. Abbreviations: ccl, crista cnemialis lateralis; cf, crista fibularis; cl, condylus lateralis; cm, cotyla medialis; ei, eminentia intercotylaris; fg, facies gastrocnemialis; fdl, canal for tendon of m. flexor digitorum longus; fhl, canal for tendon of m. flexor hallucis longus; fpht, fossa parahypotarsalis medialis; fvp, foramina vascularia proximalia; ii, incisura intercondylaris; ps, pons supratendineus; se, sulcus extensorius; sf, sulcus flexorius; tfb, tuberculum m. fibularis brevis; ttc, tuberositas m. tibialis cranialis. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 1 in Three terrestrial Pleistocene coucals (Centropus: Cuculidae) from southern Australia: biogeographical and ecological significance
Figure 1. Map of key localities mentioned in the text, showing the range of extant Centropus phasianinus, and showing landbridge connections between Australia and Melanesia at different Pleistocene sea level low-stands (–40 and –130 m) relative to modern sea level; (modified from Sahul and Sunda Shelf Basemap, CartoGIS CAP, 2013, Map 00-101; downloaded from http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/mapsonline/base-maps/sunda-and-sahul-shelf, 08-05-2015).
Figure 8 in Three terrestrial Pleistocene coucals (Centropus: Cuculidae) from southern Australia: biogeographical and ecological significance
Figure 8. Phylogeny of cuculids, including the extinct Australian species, Centropus maximus sp. nov., based upon the 135-character osteological phylogeny of Hughes (2000); bootstrap consensus of 16 shortest trees (tree length = 308, consistency index = 0.59, retention index = 0.87); numbers above branches/nodes are bootstrap support values, expressed as percentages; taxon names in parentheses reflect current synonyms of taxa included in Hughes's (2000) original analysis.
Figure 7 in Three terrestrial Pleistocene coucals (Centropus: Cuculidae) from southern Australia: biogeographical and ecological significance
Figure 7. Simpson log ratio diagram of extinct and extant Centropus bones; zero line represents the standard species channel-billed cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae against which all values are calculated. Abbreviations: HL, humerus length; HP, humerus proximal width; HM, humerus midshaft width; HD, humerus distal width; UL, ulna length; CMCL, carpometacarpus length; KD, keel depth; CL, coracoid medial length; FL, femur length; FP, femur proximal width; FM, femur midshaft width; FD, femur distal width; TTL, tibiotarsus length; TTP, tibiotarsus proximal width; TTM, tibiotarsus midshaft width; TTD, tibiotarsus depth; TML, tarsometatarsus length; TMP, tarsometatarsus proximal width; TMD, tarsometatarsus distal width. Gaps in lines reflect absent data owing to incomplete specimens.
Ecomorphological relationships and invasion history of non-native terrestrial bird species on O'ahu, Hawai'i suggests ecological fitting during community assembly
The widespread introduction of species has created novel communities in many areas of the world. Since introduced species tend to have generalized ecologies and often lack shared evolutionary history with other species in their communities, it would be expected that the relationship between form and function (i.e. ecomorphology) may change in novel communities. We tested this expectation in a subset of the novel bird community on O'ahu, Hawai'i. By relating foraging behavior observations to morphology obtained from live birds at four sites across the island, we found many relationships between species' morphology and foraging ecology that mirrored relationships found in the literature for native dominated bird communities. Both movement and certain foraging behaviors were related to a species' tarsus to wing ratio. Further, bill morphology was related to gleaning, frugivory, and flycatching behaviors. The commonness of significant ecomorphological relationships suggests that, within O'ahu's novel bird community, form is strongly related to function. We hypothesize that ecological fitting likely played a major role in the assembly of this novel community conserving the relationships between form and function found in many other bird communities. To further support this hypothesis, we used niche data from EltonTraits 1.0 to determine if the establishment of bird species introduced to O'ahu was related to the distinctiveness of their ecological niche from the incumbent community. Introduced species were more likely to establish on O'ahu if their diets were less similar to the bird species already present on the island. Our results support the idea that ecological fitting is an important mechanism in shaping ecological communities, especially in the Anthropocene, thereby influencing novel community assembly and functioning.
Data from: Comparative feeding behaviour of native and introduced terrestrial snails tracks their ecological impacts
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Ecomorphological relationships and invasion history of non-native terrestrial bird species on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i suggests ecological fitting during community assembly
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A global ecological signal of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates
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Data from: Unexpected spatial population ecology of a widespread terrestrial salamander near its southern range edge
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Data from: Independent reversals to terrestriality in squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae) support ecologically mediated modes of adaptation
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Data from: Ecological resistance surfaces predict fine scale genetic differentiation in a terrestrial woodland salamander
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Supplementary material 1 from: Cerrato C, Rocchia E, Brunetti M, Bionda R, Bassano B, Provenzale A, Bonelli S, Viterbi R (2019) Butterfly distribution along altitudinal gradients: temporal changes over a short time period. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 91-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30728
Supplementary data
Figure 3 in Terrestrial invertebrates surviving San Ambrosio island's ecological catastrophe reinforce biogeographic affinities between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands
Figure 3. Land snail. Tornatellides (Ambrosiella) kuscheli (Achatinellidae) Endemic.
Supplementary material 1 from: Bradshaw CJA (2019) Opportunities to improve the future of South Australia's terrestrial biodiversity. Rethinking Ecology 4: 45-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/rethinkingecology.4.32570
: Data type: Literature review
Figure 1 from: Adams B, Wall D, Virginia R, Broos E, Knox M (2014) Ecological Biogeography of the Terrestrial Nematodes of Victoria Land, Antarctica. ZooKeys 419: 29-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.419.7180
Figure 1 - Victoria Land, Antarctica. Labeled areas represent study locations and major geographic features referenced in the tables and text. Box inset of the McMurdo Dry Valleys is rotated 180 °and expanded in Figure 2.
Figure 2 from: Adams B, Wall D, Virginia R, Broos E, Knox M (2014) Ecological Biogeography of the Terrestrial Nematodes of Victoria Land, Antarctica. ZooKeys 419: 29-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.419.7180
Figure 2 - McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Labeled areas represent study locations and major geographic features referenced in the tables and text.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.