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57 results for “threatened plants”
FIGURE 3. A–C,F,H–L,O–P Stevekenia nothocestri, D–E,G,M–N,Q Stevekenia aiea. A in A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)
FIGURE 3. A–C,F,H–L,O–P Stevekenia nothocestri, D–E,G,M–N,Q Stevekenia aiea. A—male terminalia; B—sperm pump with comparative size of paramere; C—aedeagus; D—male terminalia; E—aedeagus; F,G—paramere (external surface); H—female terminalia; I—female subgenital plate (ventral view); J—female proctiger (dorsal view); K detail of dorsum of female proctiger indicating position of raised pores flanking anal ring; L female abdomen (with eggs) indicating long setae on sternites; M—female terminalia (with egg) indicating position of raised pore flanking anal ring, inset illustration of anal ring shape and circumanal pores; N—ovipositor; O–Q—eggs indicating pedicel, tail, plug-like structure, and surface cellular outgrowths (illustrated).
FIGURE 2. A–H, N, P–Q Stevekenia nothocestri, I–M,O,R Stevekenia aiea. A in A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)
FIGURE 2. A–H, N, P–Q Stevekenia nothocestri, I–M,O,R Stevekenia aiea. A—head (dorsal view above, ventral view below) indicating position of posterior eye rim extensions (outlined), lateral ocelli, and anterior vertex extensions (in dorsal view) and position of medial ocellus below vertex extensions (in ventral view); B—head (dorso-anterior view) indicating short vertex with anterior vertex extensions; C—head (ventro-anterior view); D—head (lateral view) indicating position of posterior eye rim extension; E—single disk rhinarium on antennal segment 6 (illustration inset); F—multiple disk rhinaria on antennal segment 4; G—head and antenna; H—proboscis; I—head (dorsal view above, ventral view below) indicating position of posterior eye rim extensions, lateral ocelli, and anterior vertex extensions (in dorsal view) and position of medial ocellus below vertex extensions (in ventral view); J—detail of diverging anterior vertex extensions; K—head and antenna; L—proboscis; M,N—hind leg; O,P—genual spine at base of hind tibia; Q—apical tibial spurs and tarsi; R—detail of pair of apical tibial spurs not conjoined basally; S—detail of hind tarsal claws and arolium.
FIGURE 1. A–G Stevekenia nothocestri, H–L Stevekenia aiea. A in A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)
FIGURE 1. A–G Stevekenia nothocestri, H–L Stevekenia aiea. A—fore wing; B—hind wing; C—detail of fore wing cell m2 indicating position of two clusters of marginal radular spines, inset illustrates disbursed distribution of spines; D—detail of long setae on fore wing ventral margin and veins; E—dorsum of thorax; F—female habitus (cluster of eggs in abdomen); Ghead and thorax; H—fore wing (male); I—fore wing (female); J—hind wing (female); K—detail of fore wing cells m1 and m2 indicating position of single clusters of marginal radular spines towards posterior in each cell, inset illustrates narrow distribution of spines; L—detail of long setae on fore wing ventral margin and veins.
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
FIGURE 1. Cardamine panatohea. A. Mature plant with prostrate inflorescences. B. Plant with rosette leaves. C. Rosette leaves. D in Cardamine panatohea (Brassicaceae), a new, threatened, alpine species from New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Cardamine panatohea. A. Mature plant with prostrate inflorescences. B. Plant with rosette leaves. C. Rosette leaves. D. Hairs on leaf adaxial surface. E. Flowers top view. F. Flowers side view. G. Inflorescence with axillary rosettes. H. Inflorescence with siliques. Scale bars: C, G = 10 mm; D = 5 mm.
Data from: Plant – herbivorous beetle networks: molecular characterization of trophic ecology within a threatened steppic environment
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Data from: Concordance in evolutionary history of threatened plant and insect populations warrant unified conservation management approaches
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Data from: Anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall variation threaten the stability of plant‐ant interactions in the Brazilian Caatinga
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Climate warming threatens the persistence of a community of disturbance-adapted native annual plants
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Data from: Can physiographic regions substitute for genetically-determined conservation units? A case study with the threatened plant, Silene spaldingii
Protecting genetic diversity throughout the range of a species is important for conservation, as doing so provides for long-term evolutionary potential and persistence under a changing environment. Conservation of diversity at the intraspecific level requires identification of all genetically distinct population segments within species; i.e., conservation units (CUs). Silene spaldingii occurs in grasslands of the Columbia Plateau region of western North America and is listed as threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act. The recovery plan identified five physiographic regions across the range of the species to use as surrogates for genetic CUs. We collected leaf samples from an average of 26 plants from each of 19 of the largest populations across all five physiographic regions and used variable microsatellite and chloroplast DNA markers to determine how genetic variation is distributed across the range of the species and how well physiographic regions reflect population structure within this species. Results of several multivariate analyses clustered our samples into four genetic groups which did not correspond well with the physiographic regions. We observed little genetic differentiation among populations in the main range of the species which encompasses nearly all of four contiguous physiographic regions. However, three other distinct genetic groups were identified: two in the disjunct northeast corner and one at the southeast edge of the main range. Modification of the CUs to reflect the genetic groups rather than the physiographic regions would result in CUs which better reflect historical patterns of population structure. Moreover, use of the genetic units to inform translocation and genetic rescue efforts could improve our ability to mimic natural patterns of gene flow. Our results suggest that physiographic regions may not always be an accurate reflection of population structure for threatened or endangered species.
Data from: Interacting livestock and fire may both threaten and increase viability of a fire-adapted Mediterranean carnivorous plant
1. Quantifying interactive effects of environmental drivers on population dynamics can be critical for a robust analysis of population viability. Fire regimes, among the most widespread disturbances driving population dynamics, are increasingly modified by and interact with human activities. However, viability of fire-adapted species is typically assessed overlooking disturbance interactions, potentially resulting in suboptimal management actions. 2. We investigated whether increasing human disturbances in fire-prone ecosystems may pose a threat or an opportunity to improve population viability, using demographic data of the carnivorous, post-fire recruiting plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum, endemic to heathlands in the southwestern Mediterranean Basin. We built integral projection models and simulated population dynamics under different combinations of two key disturbance types affecting populations: fire and livestock browsing and trampling. We used perturbation analyses to determine potential long-term consequences of maintaining fundamentally different disturbance types. 3. Despite most populations inhabiting browsed habitats, simulations showed a greater extinction risk in populations under high livestock pressure compared with ones under low or moderate pressures. Extinction risk decreased when fire return intervals shortened in populations under low or moderate livestock pressure; however, the opposite pattern emerged in heavily browsed populations, where short intervals between fires increased extinction. 4. Elasticity analyses showed that decreases in viability under frequent disturbance interactions (heavy browsing and frequent fire) may be explained by selection against seed dormancy in populations with frequent browsing and trampling. This may potentially cause populations to collapse when fires kill above-ground plants without populations being able to recover from a seed bank. 5. Synthesis and applications: Incorporating disturbance interactions can result in a different assessment of viability of a fire-adapted species than considering fire regimes alone. In Mediterranean ecosystems, fire management may be more effective when integrating moderate human activities. However, replacing fires by human disturbances, a currently widespread strategy in many fire-prone ecosystems, is not recommended since it may fundamentally alter population dynamics and selection pressures and decrease viability of fire-adapted species.
Data from: Mining microsatellite markers from public expressed sequence tags databases for the study of threatened plants
Background: Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are widely used in population genetic studies but their classical development is costly and time-consuming. The ever-increasing available DNA datasets generated by high-throughput techniques offer an inexpensive alternative for SSRs discovery. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) have been widely used as SSR source for plants of economic relevance but their application to non-model species is still modest. Methods: Here, we explored the use of publicly available ESTs (GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology Information-NCBI) for SSRs development in non-model plants, focusing on genera listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We also search two model genera with fully annotated genomes for EST-SSRs, Arabidopsis and Oryza, and used them as controls for genome distribution analyses. Overall, we downloaded 16 031 555 sequences for 258 plant genera which were mined for SSRsand their primers with the help of QDD1. Genome distribution analyses in Oryza and Arabidopsis were done by blasting the sequences with SSR against the Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana reference genomes implemented in the Basal Local Alignment Tool (BLAST) of the NCBI website. Finally, we performed an empirical test to determine the performance of our EST-SSRs in a few individuals from four species of two eudicot genera, Trifolium and Centaurea. Results: We explored a total of 14 498 726 EST sequences from the dbEST database (NCBI) in 257 plant genera from the IUCN Red List. We identify a very large number (17 102) of ready-to-test EST-SSRs in most plant genera (193) at no cost. Overall, dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats were the prevalent types but the abundance of the various types of repeat differed between taxonomic groups. Control genomes revealed that trinucleotide repeats were mostly located in coding regions while dinucleotide repeats were largely associated with untranslated regions. Our results from the empirical test revealed considerable amplification success and transferability between congenerics. Conclusions: The present work represents the first large-scale study developing SSRs by utilizing publicly accessible EST databases in threatened plants. Here we provide a very large number of ready-to-test EST-SSR (17 102) for 193 genera. The cross-species transferability suggests that the number of possible target species would be large. Since trinucleotide repeats are abundant and mainly linked to exons they might be useful in evolutionary and conservation studies. Altogether, our study highly supports the use of EST databases as an extremely affordable and fast alternative for SSR developing in threatened plants.
Supplementary material 3 from: Mulema J, Phiri S, Bbebe N, Chandipo R, Chijikwa M, Chimutingiza H, Kachapulula P, Kankuma Mwanda F, Matimelo M, Mazimba-Sikazwe E, Mfune S, Mkulama M, Moonga M, Mphande W, Mufwaya M, Mulenga R, Mweemba B, Ndalamei Mabote D, Nkunika P, Nthenga I, Tembo M, Chowa J, Odunga S, Opisa S, Kasoma C, Charles L, Makale F, Rwomushana I, Phiri NA (2024) Rapid risk assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia. NeoBiota 91: 145-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.91.113801
Plant pathogenic bacteria assessment for Zambia
Supplementary material 4 from: Mulema J, Phiri S, Bbebe N, Chandipo R, Chijikwa M, Chimutingiza H, Kachapulula P, Kankuma Mwanda F, Matimelo M, Mazimba-Sikazwe E, Mfune S, Mkulama M, Moonga M, Mphande W, Mufwaya M, Mulenga R, Mweemba B, Ndalamei Mabote D, Nkunika P, Nthenga I, Tembo M, Chowa J, Odunga S, Opisa S, Kasoma C, Charles L, Makale F, Rwomushana I, Phiri NA (2024) Rapid risk assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia. NeoBiota 91: 145-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.91.113801
Plant pathogenic protist assessment for Zambia
Supplementary material 2 from: Mulema J, Phiri S, Bbebe N, Chandipo R, Chijikwa M, Chimutingiza H, Kachapulula P, Kankuma Mwanda F, Matimelo M, Mazimba-Sikazwe E, Mfune S, Mkulama M, Moonga M, Mphande W, Mufwaya M, Mulenga R, Mweemba B, Ndalamei Mabote D, Nkunika P, Nthenga I, Tembo M, Chowa J, Odunga S, Opisa S, Kasoma C, Charles L, Makale F, Rwomushana I, Phiri NA (2024) Rapid risk assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia. NeoBiota 91: 145-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.91.113801
Guidelines for scoring species
Supplementary material 5 from: Mulema J, Phiri S, Bbebe N, Chandipo R, Chijikwa M, Chimutingiza H, Kachapulula P, Kankuma Mwanda F, Matimelo M, Mazimba-Sikazwe E, Mfune S, Mkulama M, Moonga M, Mphande W, Mufwaya M, Mulenga R, Mweemba B, Ndalamei Mabote D, Nkunika P, Nthenga I, Tembo M, Chowa J, Odunga S, Opisa S, Kasoma C, Charles L, Makale F, Rwomushana I, Phiri NA (2024) Rapid risk assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia. NeoBiota 91: 145-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.91.113801
Assessment for vector species
Supplementary material 1 from: Mulema J, Phiri S, Bbebe N, Chandipo R, Chijikwa M, Chimutingiza H, Kachapulula P, Kankuma Mwanda F, Matimelo M, Mazimba-Sikazwe E, Mfune S, Mkulama M, Moonga M, Mphande W, Mufwaya M, Mulenga R, Mweemba B, Ndalamei Mabote D, Nkunika P, Nthenga I, Tembo M, Chowa J, Odunga S, Opisa S, Kasoma C, Charles L, Makale F, Rwomushana I, Phiri NA (2024) Rapid risk assessment of plant pathogenic bacteria and protists likely to threaten agriculture, biodiversity and forestry in Zambia. NeoBiota 91: 145-178. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.91.113801
All data from horizon scanning for Zambia
Supplementary material 1 from: Neuenschwander P, Adomou AC (2017) Reconstituting a rainforest patch in southern Benin for the protection of threatened plants. Nature Conservation 21: 57-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.21.13906
Table A. Comprehensive list of all plant species of Drabo Gbo, Benin. : Data type: species data
Figure 3 from: Nualart N, Ibáñez N, Luque P, Pedrol J, Vilar L, Guàrdia R (2017) Dataset of herbarium specimens of threatened vascular plants in Catalonia. PhytoKeys 77: 41-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.77.11542
Figure 3 - Families with 18 or more specimens (number of the taxa in the upper axis and number of specimens in the lower axis).
Figure 6 from: Nualart N, Ibáñez N, Luque P, Pedrol J, Vilar L, Guàrdia R (2017) Dataset of herbarium specimens of threatened vascular plants in Catalonia. PhytoKeys 77: 41-62. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.77.11542
Figure 6 - Comparative map of the number of taxa of the dataset and that according to Sáez et al. (2010: 733). Gray color indicates that all the taxa cited in this book have a specimen in the herbaria studied; yellow-red color indicates that the dataset doesn't include all the taxa published in this book and green color indicates that there are more taxa in the dataset that those published in this book.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.