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Fig. 13 in Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New World Syscia Species (Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Fig. 13. Distribution map, face view, lateral view of petiole-AIV, and dorsal view of AIII-AIV of Syscia latepunctata (holotype worker), S. borowieci (holotype worker), S. volucris (holotype worker), S. JTL076 (queen, CASENT0614221),S. JTL064 (worker, CASENT0631661), S. JTL033 (worker, CASENT0611831),S. grandis (holotype worker), and S. JTL003 (worker, INB0003213589). Species are in order of mean HW, which is shown in the lower left of the distribution map. Scale bars 0.2 mm. On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 9 in Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New World Syscia Species (Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Fig. 9. Distribution map, face view, lateral view of petiole-AIV, and dorsal view of AIII-AIV of Syscia pervagata (holotype worker), S. peten (holotype worker), S. JTL074 (worker, MCZ-ENT00511564), S. brachyptera (holotype worker), S. valenzuelai (holotype worker), S. JTL071 (worker, FMNHINS0000095759), S. quisquillis (holotype worker), S. sumnichti (holotype worker), S. JTL060 (worker, CASENT0644220), and S. JTL085 (worker, CASENT0602939). Scale bars 0.2 mm. Species are in order of mean HW, which is shown in the lower left of the distribution map. On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 2 in Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New World Syscia Species (Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Fig. 2. Variation in Syscia subpetiolar process. (A) Subtriangular with flat to concave posterior margin. (B) Subtriangular with convex posterior margin. (C) Subtriangular with small tooth on posterior margin. (D) Subquadrate. (E) Subtriangular with large acute tooth on posterior margin. F. With fenestra and notch on posterior margin.

Fig. 4 in Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New World Syscia Species (Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Fig. 4. Illustrations of Syscia measurements. HL: head length, HW: head width, MSL: mesosoma length, AIIIL: abdominal tergite III length, AIIIW: abdominal tergite III width, AIVL: abdominal tergite IV length, AIIVW: abdominal tergite IV width.

Fig. 12 in Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New World Syscia Species (Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Fig. 12. Distribution map, face view, lateral view of petiole-AIV, and dorsal view of AIII-AIV of Syscia tolteca (lectotype worker), S. atitlana (holotype worker), S. lacandona (holotype worker), S. JTL049 (worker, CASENT0644222), S. JTL065 (worker, CASENT0602939), S. amblyogyna (holotype worker), S. ticomontana (holotype worker), S. JTL017 (worker, INB0003693097), S. JTL079 (worker, CASENT0642985), and S. transisthmica (holotype worker). Species are in order of mean HW, which is shown in the lower left of the distribution map. Scale bars 0.2 mm. On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality (not shown for S. tolteca, with type locality 'Guatemala').

Fig. 8 in Integrating UCE Phylogenomics With Traditional Taxonomy Reveals a Trove of New World Syscia Species (Formicidae: Dorylinae)

Fig. 8. Distribution map, face view, lateral view of petiole-AIV, and dorsal view of AIII-AIV of Syscia minuta (holotype worker), S. parva (holotype worker), S. JTL067 (worker, CASENT0644012), S. pollula (holotype worker), S. JTL069 (worker, CASENT0644008), S. JTL068 (queen, CASENT0613276), S. austrella (holotype worker), S. JTL037 (worker, CASENT0635747), S. quisquillis Arizona form (worker, FMNHINS0000095772), and S. boudinoti (holotype worker). Species are in order of mean HW, which is shown in the lower left of the distribution map. Scale bars 0.1 mm for S. minuta to S. JTL037, 0.2 mm for S. quisquillis Arizona form and S. boudinoti. On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

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The evolution of the Aristolochia pallida complex (Aristolochiaceae) contradicts traditional taxonomy and reflects large-scale glacial refugia in the Mediterranean

The taxonomy of the Mediterranean Aristolochia pallida complex has been under debate for several decades with the following species currently recognized: A. pallida, A. lutea, A. nardiana, A. microstoma, A. merxmuelleri, A. croatica and A. castellana. These taxa are distributed from Iberia to Turkey. To reconstruct phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns, we employed cpDNA sequence variation using both non-coding (intron and spacer) and protein-coding regions (i.e. trnK intron, matK gene and trnK-psbA spacer). Our results show that the morphology-based traditional taxonomy was not corroborated by our phylogenetic analyses. Aristolochia pallida, A. lutea, A. nardiana and A. microstoma were not monophyletic. Instead, strong geographic signals were detected. Two major clades, one exclusively occurring in Greece and a second one of pan-Mediterranean distribution, were found. Several subclades distributed in Greece, NW Turkey, Italy, as well as amphi-Adriatic subclades and a subgroup of southern France and Spain were revealed. The distribution areas of these groups are in close vicinity to hypothesised glacial refugia areas in the Mediterranean. According to molecular clock analyses, the diversification of this complex started around 3–3.3 my, before the onset of glaciation cycles, and the further evolution of and within major lineages falls into the Pleistocene. Based on these data, we conclude that the Aristolochia pallida alliance survived in different Mediterranean refugia rarely with low, but often with a high potential for range extension, and a high degree of morphological plasticity.

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Phylogenomics of piranhas and pacus (Serrasalmidae) uncovers how dietary convergence and parallelism obfuscate traditional morphological taxonomy

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publicAug 2021View details →

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The evolution of the Aristolochia pallida complex (Aristolochiaceae) contradicts traditional taxonomy and reflects large-scale glacial refugia in the Mediterranean

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publicSep 2023View details →

FIG. 12 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters

FIG. 12. — Satyrus marinus, sea-satyr. Conrad Gessner (1558: 1197). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.

FIG. 10 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters

FIG. 10. — Episcopus marinus, sea-bishop. Conrad Gessner (1558: 520). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.

FIG. 8 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters

FIG. 8. — Monstrous whale mistaken for an island. Conrad Gessner (1558: 138). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.

FIG. 7. — Monstrous whale attacking a in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters

FIG. 7. — Monstrous whale attacking a ship. Conrad Gessner (1558: 138). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.

FIG. 2 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters

FIG. 2. — Simia marina, sea-monkey. Conrad Gessner (1558: 1054). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.

FIG. 5 in Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters

FIG. 5. — Cetus britannicus, English whale. Conrad Gessner (1558: 251). Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Rar. 2234.

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Integrating UCE phylogenomics with traditional taxonomy reveals a trove of New World Syscia species (Formicidae, Dorylinae)

The ant genus Syscia is part of the cryptic ant fauna inhabiting leaf litter and rotten wood in the Asian and American tropics. It is a distinct clade within the Dorylinae, the subfamily from which army ants arose. Prior to this work the genus comprised seven species, each known from a single or very few collections. Extensive collecting in Middle America revealed an unexpected and challenging diversity of morphological forms. Locally distinct forms could be identified at many sites but assignment of specimens to species spanning multiple sites was problematic. To improve species delimitation, Ultra-Conserved Element (UCE) phylogenomic data were sequenced for all forms, both within and among sites, and a phylogeny was inferred. Informed by phylogeny, species delimitation was based on monophyly, absence of within-clade sympatry, and a subjective degree of morphological uniformity. UCE phylogenomic results for 130 specimens were complemented by analysis of mitochondrial COI (DNA barcode) data for an expanded taxon set. The resulting taxonomy augments the number of known species in the New World from 3 to 57. We describe and name 31 new species, and 23 species are assigned morphospecies codes pending improved specimen coverage. Queens may be fully alate or brachypterous, and there is a wide variety of intercaste female forms. Identification based on morphology alone is very difficult due to continuous character variation and high similarity of phylogenetically distant species. An identification aid is provided in the form of a set of distribution maps and standard views, with species ordered by size.

Figure 1c from: Gutiérrez EE, Helgen KM, McDonough MM, Bauer F, Hawkins MTR, Escobedo-Morales LA, Patterson BD, Maldonado JE (2017) A gene-tree test of the traditional taxonomy of American deer: the importance of voucher specimens, geographic data, and dense sampling. ZooKeys 697: 87-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.15124

Figure 1c - Phylogenetic tree of cytochrome-b sequences of Odocoileini (continuation). This is a strict consensus topology resulting from the Bayesian inference analysis. Nodal support is indicated at each node, except where the relationship received negligible support. Posterior probabilities (from the Bayesian inference analysis) and bootstrap values (from the maximum-likelihood analysis) are indicated before and after the slashes ("/") at branches of interest (i.e., nodal support for fairly shallow relationships within intraspecific haplogroups are omitted). The scale represents substitutions per site. For each terminal, country of origin and next-largest administrative unit (state, department, province, etc.) are provided (when reported by the team that generated them; see detailed voucher and locality information in supplementary file 1 for sequences that we generated). GenBank accession numbers are indicated for each terminal.

Figure 1b from: Gutiérrez EE, Helgen KM, McDonough MM, Bauer F, Hawkins MTR, Escobedo-Morales LA, Patterson BD, Maldonado JE (2017) A gene-tree test of the traditional taxonomy of American deer: the importance of voucher specimens, geographic data, and dense sampling. ZooKeys 697: 87-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.15124

Figure 1b - Phylogenetic tree of cytochrome-b sequences of Odocoileini (continuation). This is a strict consensus topology resulting from the Bayesian inference analysis. Nodal support is indicated at each node, except where the relationship received negligible support. Posterior probabilities (from the Bayesian inference analysis) and bootstrap values (from the maximum-likelihood analysis) are indicated before and after the slashes ("/") at branches of interest (i.e., nodal support for fairly shallow relationships within intraspecific haplogroups are omitted). The scale represents substitutions per site. For each terminal, country of origin and next-largest administrative unit (state, department, province, etc.) are provided (when reported by the team that generated them; see detailed voucher and locality information in supplementary file 1 for sequences that we generated). GenBank accession numbers are indicated for each terminal.

Figure 3 from: Gutiérrez EE, Helgen KM, McDonough MM, Bauer F, Hawkins MTR, Escobedo-Morales LA, Patterson BD, Maldonado JE (2017) A gene-tree test of the traditional taxonomy of American deer: the importance of voucher specimens, geographic data, and dense sampling. ZooKeys 697: 87-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.15124

Figure 3 - Hind foot bones of Mazama rufina (A) and Pudu puda (B) sensu Hershkovitz (1982). According to Hershkovitz (1982; see also Brooke 1874, 1878), the union of the cuboideonavicular and external and middle cuneiform tarsal bones into a single bone in Pudu is the only osteological characteristic shared by P. puda and P. mephistophiles that consistently separates them from all other living deer, with exception of the genera Elaphodus and Muntiacus.

Figure 2 from: Gutiérrez EE, Helgen KM, McDonough MM, Bauer F, Hawkins MTR, Escobedo-Morales LA, Patterson BD, Maldonado JE (2017) A gene-tree test of the traditional taxonomy of American deer: the importance of voucher specimens, geographic data, and dense sampling. ZooKeys 697: 87-131. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.697.15124

Figure 2 - Overall morphological appearance of "M." pandora (panels A–C) and that of the genus Odocoileus (panels D–F). Notice the grayish pelage and divergent antlers larger than in other species currently classified in Mazama. "M." pandora, panels A and C individuals kept in captivity at the Parque Zoológico del Bicentenario Animaya, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico (photographs by Luis A. Escobedo-Morales)—provenance unknown; panel B individual kept in captivity in Tekax, Yucatán, Mexico (photograph by Rosa María González Marín)—provenance unknown. Odocoileus virginianus (see proposals by Molina and Molinari 1999 and Molinari 2007); panels D and E Monteredondo, Parque Nacional Chingaza, ca. 47 km (by road) E Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia (photographs by Aideé Vargas-Espinoza and Irene Aconcha, respectively); panel F Laguna de Mucubají, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Mérida, Venezuela (photograph by Rodrigo Díaz Lupanow).