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64 results for “vegetation diversity”

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zenodo36/100

Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relation to vegetation structure and land-use

Using these data we investigated the relation between vegetation structure, land use and the diversity of species and traits in butterflies for the Netherlands. The research paper, now accepted for publication but not yet online, in the journal "Global Ecology and Biogeography", has the title "Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relation to vegetation structure and land-use". Please see the methods used to create the dataset in the above mentioned manuscript. A description of the raster layers used in the above mentioned manuscript and available here has been uploaded together with the raster layers.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Aug 2017View details →

dryad36/100

Bird and vegetation diversity in Chaco forests under different cattle management practices

Birds play key roles in forest dynamics, favoring the resilience of forests to cattle ranching. Generalist species may benefit from changes in the vegetation structure caused by cattle grazing while specialist species are usually negatively affected. Therefore, studying changes in taxonomic and functional bird diversity can provide valuable information in order to propose sustainable cattle management practices. Here, we study the influence of different cattle management practices (Cattle Exclusion: FCE; Continuous grazing: FCG; Rotational grazing: FRG; Seasonal grazing: FSG) on the understory vegetation structure, and the bird taxonomic and functional diversity in humid Chaco forests of Argentina. Forests under grazing had an open (FCG) or semi-open (FRG and FSG) understory, whereas FCE presented a closed understory with higher plant richness. Generalized linear models revealed a decrease in bird richness and abundance under most cattle management practices compared to FCE. However, FRG was most similar to FCE in terms of vegetation structure and showed no differences in bird richness. FCE presented the lowest values of functional diversity while FCG and FRG showed the highest values. A fourth-corner analysis showed that FCE was associated with insectivorous species which forage and nest in the shrub layer, reflecting a possible loss of ecosystem services in forests with cattle grazing. We propose FRG as the most appropriate cattle management option and the least detrimental to bird assemblages. However, maintaining protected areas that exclude cattle ranching activities will be key to striking a balance between the conservation of most specialist species and beef production.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Differential effects of vegetation and climate on termite diversity and damage

Species diversity shapes ecosystem services. Despite the advantages that this relationship has for pest management, few studies have investigated the links between infrastructure damage (i.e. the percentage amount of infrastructures infested by termites), species richness and the environment. Moreover, it is not clear that which proportion of species richness (total/functional-dominant/common/rare) contributes most to infrastructure damage. We correlated termite species richness with termite infestation throughout 83 cities in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. Species were classified according to whether or not they fed on wood, and based upon their distributional range, whether they were common or rare. We analyzed the relative importance and the direct/indirect effects of climate, vegetation, anthropogenic activities, and the species richness of four functional categories of termites on the damage levels of eight infrastructure types in populated (i.e. urban and rural building, green space and sea wall) and remote areas (i.e. ancient building, large-old tree, agroforest and reservoir dam). Common species favoured populated areas, whereas rare species favoured remote areas. Common species, with preferences for deciduous vegetation, caused more damage to the infrastructures of populated areas. Rare species, with preferences for evergreen vegetation, caused more damage in remote areas. Reforestation project which emphasised evergreen trees increased the number of rare species but reduced the number of common species. Elevation and drought risk were positively correlated with rare species richness but neutrally with common species richness. Structural equation models showed that vegetation predominantly influenced infrastructure damage in populated areas via altering common species richness, whereas climate predominantly and directly influenced infrastructure damage in remote areas. Notably, elevation and drought risk were positively correlated with infrastructure damage especially in remote areas. Synthesis and applications. Termites cause global economic losses of 15~40 billion dollars per year. Our study reveals that managing city forests and green space, for example increasing the proportion of evergreen trees, is a sustainable means of suppressing common termites and thereby reducing infrastructure damage in populated areas. Conservation strategies, supported by regular inspections, will become increasingly important as climate change not only threatens the survival of less harmful rare species, but also increases infrastructure damage in remote areas.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Correlations between dominant vegetation type and composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in a subtropical forest

Single and mixed vegetation types have significant effects on soil parameters and the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities. To understand the influence of different vegetation types on the structure of soil bacterial community across soil depth in a subtropical forest, we assessed the relative abundance of edaphic bacterial community and soil parameters, including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve in Fujian Province, southeastern China. The study area constitutes pine coniferous forest (CF) of pinus taiwanensis, broad-leaved forest (BF) of castanopsis fabri, and a mixed forest comprising CF and BF (MF). Quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA were used to analyze the abundance, diversity, and composition of soil bacteria. The results showed that the pH, CEC and diversity of tree species are all associated with the composition of the bacterial community in the soil. It was found that CEC, soluble organic nitrogen (DON) and pH largely affected the structure of soil bacterial community in A horizon, whereas CEC, moisture content (MC) and organic phosphorus (OP) affected the structure of soil bacterial community in B horizon. We found that the dominant taxa in the CF and BF were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, respectively. The results of both mental and random forest (RF) analyses displayed groups according to vegetation types, indicating that the bacterial communities in the research site were significantly influenced by vegetation types in subtropical forests. The study highlights the ecological effects of forest management and elucidates the differences in the functional structure of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation types and soil depths.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Germplasm diversity of sunflower volatile terpenoid profiles across vegetative and reproductive organs

Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is the fourth most important oilseed crop globally and is known to have experienced multiple genetic bottlenecks during domestication and improvement. Homogenization of crop germplasm may limit breeding efforts to improve pest and pathogen resistance or optimize other biotic interactions like pollinator attraction. Such interactions are often strongly influenced by plant phytochemistry, especially volatile compounds like terpenoids. Here we use solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) to evaluate volatile phytochemistry across leaves, involucral bracts, disc florets, and ray floret petals in a collection of twelve inbred lines selected to represent a cross-section of sunflower germplasm diversity. Results indicate considerable compositional diversity of volatiles among lines, though substantial reduction in total volatile abundance relative to wild H. annuus. From leaves and bracts to disc florets and petals, we observe a strong increase in the proportion of monoterpenoids relative to sesquiterpenoids accompanying the transition to reproductive structures, with consistently over 85% monoterpenoids in disc florets and petals. This pattern is driven by substantially higher production of monoterpenoids (especially alpha-pinene and sabinene) in reproductive structures. Sesquiterpenoid production is roughly similar across organs, and in leaves varies among lines from 21–55% of volatiles, dominated by cadinene-type sesquiterpenoids. This work suggests that the compositional diversity of volatile terpenoids within cultivated germplasm may be sufficient for many breeding applications, though for breeding increased volatile production the use of wild H. annuus and other wild Helianthus germplasm may be necessary.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad36/100