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73 results for “water loss”
Cutaneous Evaporative Water Loss in Lizards is Variable across Body Regions and Plastic in Response to Humidity
<p>Data and code associated with the 2022 publication in Herpetologica (doi:10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00030.1).</p>
Data for: Temperate and tropical lizards are vulnerable to climate warming due to increased water loss and heat stress
<p><span>Climate warming has imposed profound impacts on species globally. Understanding the vulnerabilities of species from different latitudinal regions to warming climates is critical for biological conservation. </span><span>Using five species of <em>Takydromus </em>lizards as a study system, we quantified physiological and life-history responses and geography range change across latitudes under climate warming. Using integrated biophysical models and hybrid species distribution models, w</span><span>e found: (1) thermal safety margin is larger at high latitudes, and is predicted to decrease under climate warming for lizards at all latitudes; (2) climate warming will speed up embryonic development and increase annual activity time of adult lizards, but will exacerbate water loss of adults across all latitudes; and (3) species across latitudes are predicted to experience habitat contraction under climate warming due to different limitations: tropical and subtropical species are vulnerable due to increased extremely high temperatures, whereas temperate species are vulnerable due to both extremely high temperatures and increased water loss. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability of species from different latitudinal regions to climate warming in ectotherms and also highlights the importance of integrating environmental factors, behavior, physiology, and life-history responses in predicting the risk of species to climate warming.</span></p>
Data from: Water availability and temperature as modifiers of evaporative water loss in tropical frogs
<p>Water plays a notable role in the ecology of most terrestrial organisms due to the risks associated with water loss. Specifically, water loss in terrestrial animals happens through evaporation across respiratory tissues or epidermis. Amphibians are ideal systems for studying how abiotic factors impact water loss since their bodies often respond quickly to environmental changes. While the effect of temperature on water loss is well known across many taxa, we are still learning how temperature in combination with humidity or water availability affects water loss. Here, we tested how standing water sources (availability) and temperature (26 and 36°C) together affect water loss in anuran amphibians using a Bayesian framework. We also present a conceptual model for considering how water availability and temperature may interact, resulting in body mass changes. After accounting for phylogenetic and time autocorrelation, we determined how different variables (water loss and uptake rates, temperature, and body size) affect body mass in three species of tropical frogs (<em>Rhinella marina</em>, <em>Phyllobates terribilis</em>, and <em>Xenopus tropicalis</em>). We found that all variables impacted body mass changes with greater similarities between <em>P. terribilis</em> and <em>X.</em> <em>tropicalis</em>, but only temperature showed a notable effect in <em>P. terribilis</em>. Furthermore, we describe how the behavior of <em>P. terribilis</em> might affect its water budget. This study shows how organisms might manage water budgets across different environments and is important for developing our models of evaporative water loss and species distributions.</p>
Flexibility of cutaneous evaporative water loss in response to hydration in pregnant Prairie Rattlesnakes and their neonates
<p>Data and code associated with the paper published in the Journal of Experimental Biology in 2025.</p>
Water loss, not overheating, limits the activity period of an endothermic Sonoran Desert bee
<ol> <li>Desert animals must manage the physiological stresses of heat and desiccation; evaporative heat loss mitigates overheating but exacerbates water stress. Small endothermic flying insects may be particularly vulnerable to overheating and water stress as a result of high surface area to volume ratios, but we lack quantitative understanding of the relative magnitude of these abiotic stressors in flying desert invertebrates, despite their ecological importance.</li> <li>During the hottest and driest weeks of the year, many thousands of males of the Sonoran Desert digger bee (<em>Centris</em> <em>caesalpiniae</em>) flew near-continuously at elevated thorax temperatures for hours at mating aggregation sites, while occasionally fighting other males and digging for females.</li> <li>To determine whether incapacitating high temperatures or water loss limited the activity period of male <em>C. caesalpiniae</em>, we assessed wet and dry body mass and water content through the activity period, crop volume and sugar content, microclimate selection, water loss rate and metabolic water production during flight, critical water content, and maximum critical temperature.</li> <li>Body masses and sizes of males declined through the morning and smaller bees had higher fractional water contents. Crop volume and sugar content did not vary through the day or with bee size.</li> <li>Maximum critical temperature during flight was 51°C, similar to those measured for other bees, and well above temperatures reached in the field, suggesting that avoidance of over-heating does not limit activity in this desert bee.</li> <li>The critical water content of <em>Centris</em> bees averaged 50%. Measures of net water loss rate indicated that males approached lethal water loss limits within four hours, suggesting that desiccation tolerance limits activity. Remarkably, male <em>C. caesalpiniae </em>were not observed to forage at floral or water sources during the activity period, and foraged over multiple days, suggesting selection to maintain reproductive success and that these males have a mechanism to rehydrate when not at the mating aggregation.</li> </ol>
Data from: Snake oil in action: Geographic and seasonal variability in epidermal lipids shape evaporative water loss in snakes
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Data for: Temperate and tropical lizards are vulnerable to climate warming due to increased water loss and heat stress
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Water loss, not overheating, limits the activity period of an endothermic Sonoran Desert bee
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Heat and water loss vs shelter: a dilemma in thermoregulatory decision-making for a retreat-dwelling nocturnal gecko
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Data from: Variations in bark structural properties affect both water loss and carbon economics in neotropical savanna trees in the Cerrado region of Brazil
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Data from: Water availability and temperature as modifiers of evaporative water loss in tropical frogs
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Inter- and intraspecific variation in juvenile metabolism and water loss among five biphasic amphibian species
<p>Population persistence is informed by the ability of individuals to cope with local abiotic conditions, which is commonly mediated by physiological traits. Among biphasic amphibians, juveniles—which are infrequently studied but play a key role in amphibian population dynamics—are the first life stage to experience terrestrial conditions following the aquatic larval stage. To illuminate phenotypic variation that may allow juveniles to survive the physiological challenges presented by this transition, we examined respiratory surface area water loss (<i>RSAWL</i>) and standard metabolic rates (SMR) among juveniles reared under common larval conditions for five salamander species (<i>Ambystoma annulatum, A. maculatum, A. opacum, A. talpoideum, </i>and <i>A. texanum</i>) collected across ~200 km of latitude in Missouri, USA. We found that SMR described 34% of variation in <i>RSAWL</i>, suggesting that physiological water conservation may be limited by energetic regulation among these species, and vice versa<i>. </i>On average, species differed in juvenile SMR and residual values of <i>RSAWL</i> (corrected for body size/shape) by 0.04 mL CO<sub>2</sub><span><span> </span></span> and 0.16, respectively, possibly because of distinct species ecologies. For example, <i>A. annulatum </i>had higher SMR and <i>RSAWL</i> compared to broadly distributed study species, potentially associated with a relatively narrow range of environmental conditions experienced across the small geographic distribution of <i>A. annulatum</i>. Latitude correlated negatively with temperature and precipitation, and positively with <i>RSAWL, </i>suggesting that variation in <i>RSAWL</i> may be adaptive to local conditions. We provide evidence that species differences likely have a genetic basis, reflecting selection favoring species divergence to effectively use distinct microhabitats.</p>
Ontogeny, phylogeny, and mechanisms of adaptive changes in evaporative water loss in geckos
<p>Body-size dependence of metabolic rate, body surface and scale morphology complicate disentangling the contribution of these characteristics to adaptive changes in total evaporative water loss (TEWL) of reptiles. To separate adaptive changes from size-related dependence, we compared intra- and interspecific scaling of several candidate traits in eyelid geckos (Eublepharidae), a group exhibiting large variation in body size and TEWL. The intraspecific allometry of TEWL of an eublepharid species fits the geometric surface-mass relationship. However, evolutionary shifts to both higher and lower evaporation were strongly correlated with habitat aridity and cannot be explained by shifts in body size alone. The intraspecific allometry of standard metabolic rate is nearly the same as the interspecific allometry. Unlike for mammals and birds, this pattern rules out respiratory water loss as a driver of the adaptive changes in TEWL among eublepharids. Scale morphology was independent of TEWL variation as well, but the correlation between cutaneous water loss and TEWL suggests a crucial role of skin permeability in adaptation to habitat aridity. Our analyses demonstrate how powerful a comparison of intra- and interspecific allometries can be for detecting body size-dependent mechanisms of adaptive changes in ecophysiological traits correlated with body size.</p>
An emerging fungal pathogen is associated with increased resting metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss rate in a winter‐active snake
<p>1. Energy allocation tradeoffs associated with mounting metabolically costly immune responses may serve as sublethal mechanisms by which pathogens reduce host fitness. The emergence of cutaneous fungal pathogens, which invade the skin of their host and have the potential to disturb energy and water balance, highlight the importance of host physiology in determining individual- and population-level effects of disease.</p> <p>2. Snake fungal disease (SFD, ophidiomycosis), caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola</i> (<i>Oo</i>), is an emerging disease afflicting wild snake populations throughout eastern North America. Emaciation and dehydration are phenotypic correlates of SFD, but it is unknown if such declines in host condition occur via effects of <i>Oo</i> infection on host physiology (i.e., increased rates of metabolism and evaporative water loss, respectively).</p> <p>3. We used flow-through respirometry to assess the energetic and hydric consequences of natural <i>Oo</i> infection in winter-active pygmy rattlesnakes (<i>Sistrurus miliarius</i>). We measured resting metabolic rate (CO<sub>2</sub> production rate) and total evaporative water loss rate of winter-acclimatized <i>S. miliarius</i> as a function of SFD status and acute temperature (17, 25, and 32°C). We also used regression models characterizing individual variation in the thermal-sensitivity of resting metabolic rate to predict the theoretical effects of behavioral fever on daily resting CO<sub>2</sub> production by free-ranging <i>S. miliarius</i> with SFD in winter.</p> <p>4. Natural infection by <i>Oo</i> was associated with significant increases in resting metabolic rate (30–45%) and total evaporative water loss rate (30–40%) across all measurement temperatures. Under simulated scenarios of behavioral fever, <i>Oo</i> infection was predicted to increase daily resting CO<sub>2</sub> production rate by 58–102%.</p> <p>5. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the immune response to <i>Oo</i> infection is energetically costly and may contribute to declining host condition. Our modeling efforts combining the cumulative effects of increased immune activity and increased body temperature on metabolism represent a novel approach to quantifying the total daily energetic cost of infection in ectothermic vertebrates undergoing behavioral fever.</p>
Dataset for a physics informed deep learning method with adaptively weighted loss for modeling soil water flows
<p>The data for the 11 scenarios generated by Hydrus-1D is located in data.zip</p> <p>The code for the physics-informed neural networks with adaptively weighted loss used to simulate water flow in loam soils is located at PINN_adaptively_weighted_loss_loam.zip</p>
Data from: Fine with heat, problems with water: microclimate alters water loss in a thermally adapted insular lizard
Global change, including habitat isolation and climate change, has both short- and long-term impacts on wildlife populations. For example, genetic drift and inbreeding result in genetic impoverishment in small, isolated populations, while species undergo range shifts or adaptive phenotypic change in response to shifts in environmental temperatures. In this study, we utilize a model system in which Holocene landscape changes have occurred to examine long-term effects of population isolation. To examine how isolation may constrain responses to climate change, we characterized ecophysiology across land-bridge island populations of Erhard's wall lizard Podarcis erhardii. We hypothesized that 1) small, isolated populations that are likely genetically depauperate would exhibit lower phenotypic variability; and 2) populations would be adapted to local microhabitat conditions. We compared a population at a low elevation site on the large island of Naxos with two small populations on nearby islets to determine the effects of population fragmentation. We further compared the low elevation Naxos population with two high elevation sites characterized by disparate microclimates to examine the effects of microclimate. To assess the thermal biology and ecophysiological limits of the study species we measured operative body temperatures (Te), field body temperatures (Tb), preferred temperatures (Tp), thermal tolerances (CTmax and CTmin), and evaporative water loss (EWL). Our results indicate that small, isolated populations did not exhibit thermal biology or evaporative water loss, while EWL and thermoregulatory effort varied according to microhabitat characteristics. This study integrates fine-scale measurements with environmental data to provide a holistic view of the relationships between ecophysiology, fragmentation, and microclimate. Our methods can be applied to other ectotherms to gain a better understanding of potential impacts of global change on natural populations.
Maps for Soil loss by water from climate change scenarios for Austria
<p><span>The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.</span></p> <p><span>This dataset contains the change of modelled annual soil loss rates for changing R-factor according to RCP4.5 and RPC8.5 climate scenarios, relative to modelled soil loss in the base scenario, using R-factor calculated for the 1990-2021 period. For each climate scenario, four periods were considered: 1991-2020, 2021-2040, 2041-2060 and 2061-2080. The RUSLE-based soil loss calculations were done according to the SERENA/EJP-Soil soil erosion cookbook and are described in the respective project deliverables D3.3 and D3.4.</span></p>
Effects of Replacing Diet Beverages With Water on Weight Loss and Plasma Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02412774. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Ontogeny, phylogeny, and mechanisms of adaptive changes in evaporative water loss in geckos
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Data from: Foraging activity pattern is shaped by water loss rates in a diurnal desert rodent
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.