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40 results for “wood traits”
Data and code from: Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales
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Wood trait preferences of Neotropical xylophagous beetles
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Data from: Wood anatomical and hydraulic traits of Tamarix species across a large Eurasian gradient show a stronger climatic than phylogenetic signal
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Data from: Biophysical dependences among functional wood traits
1. Wood properties and especially wood density have been used as functional traits organized along major axes of species life history and strategy. Beyond statistical analyses, a better mechanistic understanding of relationships among wood traits is essential for ecologically relevant interpretation of wood trait variations. 2. A set of theoretical relationships mechanistically linking wood basic density with some other wood traits is derived from cellular material physics. These theoretical models picture basic physical constraints and thus provide null-hypotheses for further ecological studies. Analysis is applied to data from two original datasets and several datasets extracted from literature. 3. Results emphasize the strong physical constraint behind the link between basic density and maximal storable water on the one hand, and elastic modulus on the other hand. Beyond these basic physical constraints, the developed framework reveals physically less expected trends: the amount of free water available for physiological needs increases in less dense wood of fast growing species, the cell wall stiffness decreases with density in temperate species and is higher in sapling stages in the rainforest understorey where competition for light is associated to high mechanical risk. 4. We emphasize the use of theoretically independent traits derived from models of cellular material physics to investigate the functional variation of wood traits together with their environmental and phylogenetic variations. Although the current study is limited to basic density, green wood lumen saturation and wood specific modulus, we further emphasize the identification of complementary independent wood traits representing other biomechanical functions, nutrient storage, hydraulic conductance and resistance to drought.
Data from: Radial variation of wood functional traits reflect size-related adaptations of tree mechanics and hydraulics
1) Wood serves for mechanical support, water transport and storage. These functions are provided for by different cells with a large variation in wood anatomy among species but also within individual trees. The latter often reflects ontogenetic adjustments, related to tree size or age, which can be studied by looking at patterns of radial variation in wood. 2) We quantified radial variation in wood density (WD) and wood anatomy and ask how ontogenetic changes of wood functions are controlled in five canopy tree species in western Thailand. We ask if there are trade-offs between these main functions of wood, how ontogenetic trends are linked to differences in growth trajectories and shade tolerance among tree species and if wood properties are mainly controlled by tree age or by size. 3) In all species studied, vessel fraction, vessel size, theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and fibre wall thickness significantly increased with tree diameter. While the ray fraction also increased in all species except Neolitsea, axial parenchyma changed significantly only in Afzelia, the species with by far the largest axial parenchyma fraction. The average WD and Kh reflect the phenology, with deciduous and shade-intolerant Toona and Melia having low WD and high Kh, and shade-tolerant brevi-deciduous Chukrasia and evergreen Neolitsea having higher WD and low Kh. Deciduous Afzelia, however, had the lowest Kh and second-highest WD. The radial gradients in WD and Kh also reflect within-species differences in growth rates during ontogeny. 4) The relationship between WD and its underlying anatomical components varied substantially among species. Modulating fibre wall thickness and vessel size enables growing trees to increase water transport capacity and mechanical strength at the same time. Across species, tree diameter had a stronger effect than age on all parameters except for fibres. 5) Given the very substantial within-tree size-related variation in wood traits, tree size is an essential parameter to include in comparative studies on the functional ecology of wood. Analyzing ontogenetic changes in wood can advance our understanding of the different ecological strategies of trees.
Data from: Impact of environmental conditions on wood anatomical traits of green alder (Alnus alnobetula) at the alpine treeline
<p><strong>The data file</strong> (<em>Alnus alnobetula</em>_Wood anatomy.xlsx) contains all raw data, which have been used to create Figures 3-7 in the article.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data are documented in the following article</strong>:</p> <p>Gruber A, G Wieser, M Fink, W Oberhuber (2024) Impact of environmental conditions on wood anatomical traits of green alder (<em>Alnus alnobetula</em>) at the alpine treeline.<strong> Forests, 15, 24; doi:10.3390/f15010024 <br></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>Due to land use change, green alder (<em>Alnus alnobetula</em>), formerly restricted to moist slopes, is now expanding to drier south-facing sites at the alpine treeline. To evaluate wood anatomical adaptations, we analyzed vessel characteristics (mean vessel area, MVA; vessel density, VD; and theoretic conductive area, TCA) and axial parenchyma abundance, as well as their distribution in the annual ring at a moist north-facing and a dry south-facing site at the alpine treeline (2150 m asl) on Mt. Patscherkofel (Central European Alps, Austria). Results revealed that lower soil water availability and enhanced evaporative demand did not affect MVA, while VD and TCA were significantly reduced at the dry south-facing site. This suggests that in <em>A. alnobetula</em>, vessel size is a static trait whereas vessel number responds plastic. Harsh environmental conditions at the distributional limit of <em>A. alnobetula</em> led to a near semi-ring-porous distribution of vessels and an accumulation of parenchyma in the late growing season. We conclude that in a warmer and drier climate, physiological stress may set limits to the distribution of <em>A. alnobetula</em> at drought-prone sites at the alpine treeline.</p>
Vessel dimorphism and wood traits in lianas and trees among three contrasting environments
<p>There are data and R-codes for "Vessel dimorphism and wood traits in lianas and trees among three contrasting environments" which will be published.</p>
Data for: Decomposability of leaf and wood litter are not correlated across species: Effects of litter traits on decomposition in field and laboratory conditions
<ol> <li>Changes in tree species composition have important effects on the overall rate of litter decomposition at a community level because litter decomposability varies among species and between leaf and wood litter. To understand how changes in tree species composition affect litter dynamics and carbon sequestration at the ecosystem level, it is important to clarify interspecific variations in leaf and wood litter decomposability and the traits driving the variation.</li> <li>Using field data, field experiments, and laboratory experiments, we explored rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition and their relationships to traits of ten deciduous hardwood species in a temperate forest in Japan. Rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition at the community level were also estimated by considering species-specific litter inputs and decomposition rates.</li> <li>Rates of leaf and wood litter decomposition were not correlated under either field or controlled laboratory conditions. This is probably because the traits that affect decomposition rate differ between leaf and wood litter. Interspecific variation in litter decomposability of leaves and wood was generally consistent between field conditions and laboratory experiments using a single fungus, suggesting that the decomposing fungi set the species-specific decomposition rates. Moreover, the leaf and wood traits that affected decomposition by their specific fungi were different. The aboveground input of wood litter was less than half that of leaf litter, but its half-life was >3 times longer, suggesting that wood and leaves make similar contributions to litter accumulation.</li> <li>Focusing on either leaf or wood litter alone may produce misleading estimates of how species composition changes affect litter dynamics at the community level. Our results provide insight into predicting the response of carbon dynamics to future climate change.</li> </ol>
Leaf, wood and root traits and demographic rates of temperate tree species
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Data from: Radial variation of wood functional traits reflect size-related adaptations of tree mechanics and hydraulics
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Accuracy of genomic selection for growth and wood quality traits in two control-pollinated progeny trials using exome capture as genotyping platform in Norway spruce
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Data from: Biophysical dependences among functional wood traits
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Data for: Decomposability of leaf and wood litter are not correlated across species: Effects of litter traits on decomposition in field and laboratory conditions
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Radial changes in wood functional traits in a rain forest from Eastern Amazonia
<p>Trees can modify their wood structure in response to changes in mechanical, hydraulic and storage demands during their life-cycles. Thus, examining radial variations in wood traits is important to expand our knowledge of tree functioning and species ecological strategies. Yet, several aspects of radial changes in wood functional traits are still poorly understood, especially in tropical angiosperm trees.</p> <p>Here, we examined radial shifts in wood traits in trunks of lowland tropical forest species and explored their potential ecological implications. We measured wood specific gravity (WSG) and eight wood anatomical traits in 19 tree species with contrasting shade-tolerance. We first examined radial variations in WSG and wood anatomical traits. Then, we asked if anatomical traits drove radial variations in WSG, and whether WSG, vessel fraction and vessel composition, <em>i.e.,</em> the ratio between vessel lumen area and number, vary independently from each other along the radius gradients.</p> <p>Most species had significant radials shifts in WSG and/or wood anatomical traits. Positive radial gradients in WSG were explained by different combinations of fiber and parenchyma traits, while negative radial shifts were mainly unrelated to anatomical traits. We also found that, in general, WSG, vessel fraction and vessel composition were unrelated in any radial position.</p> <p>This study illustrates the substantial radial variations in wood functional traits that occur in tree species from a lowland tropical forest. Our results provide valuable insights into stem allocation patterns during tree development, which would be important to increase our knowledge on tree functioning and life-history variations across coexisting species.</p> <p> </p>
Figure 2 from: Cao C, Yu P, Hayashi F (2019) Allometry and morphological trait relationship in the sexually dimorphic Chinese dobsonfly, Acanthacorydalis asiatica (Wood-Mason, 1884) (Megaloptera, Corydalidae). ZooKeys 854: 119-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.854.32897
Figure 2 Log-log relationships between the prothorax length (PL) and the head width (HW in A), mandible length (ML in B), wing length (WL in C), and genital (ectoproct) length (GL in D) in male and female Acanthacorydalisasiatica. Regression lines: Ay = 0.829 x + 0.211 in males and y = 0.773 x + 0.310 in females By = 1.663 x − 0.428 in males and y = 1.113 x − 0.181 in females Cy = 0.582 x + 1.046 in males and y = 0.903 x + 0.823 in females Dy = 0.605 x − 0.094 in males. For statistical tests, see the text.
Figure 1 from: Cao C, Yu P, Hayashi F (2019) Allometry and morphological trait relationship in the sexually dimorphic Chinese dobsonfly, Acanthacorydalis asiatica (Wood-Mason, 1884) (Megaloptera, Corydalidae). ZooKeys 854: 119-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.854.32897
Figure 1 Acanthacorydalisasiatica in the dorsal view. A Large male B small male C female. Abbreviations: HW, head width; GL, genital (ectoproct) length in the lateral view; ML, mandible length; PL, prothorax length; WL, wing length. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Ecological adaptation drives wood frog population divergence in life history traits
<p class="MsoCommentText">Phenotypic variation among populations is thought to be generated from spatial heterogeneity in environments that exert selection pressures that overcome the effects of gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we tested for evidence of isolation by distance or by ecology (i.e., ecological adaptation) to generate variation in early life history traits and phenotypic plasticity among 13 wood frog populations spanning 1200 km and 7° latitude. We conducted a common garden experiment and related trait variation to an ecological gradient derived from an ecological niche model (ENM) validated to account for population density variation. Shorter larval periods, smaller body weight and relative leg lengths were exhibited by populations with colder mean annual temperatures, greater precipitation, and less seasonality in precipitation, and higher population density (high suitability ENM values). After accounting for neutral genetic variation, the <i>Q<sub>ST</sub>–F<sub>ST </sub></i>analysis supported ecological selection as the key process generating population divergence. Further, the relationship between ecology and traits was dependent upon larval density. Specifically, high suitability/high-density populations in the northern part of the range were better at coping with greater conspecific competition, evidenced by greater post-metamorphic survival and no difference in body weight when reared under stressful conditions of high larval density. Our results support that both climate and competition selection pressures drive clinal variation in larval and metamorphic traits in this species. Range-wide studies like this one are essential for accurate predictions of population's responses to ongoing ecological change.</p>
Ecological adaptation drives wood frog population divergence in life history traits
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RNA-Seq using two populations reveals genes and alleles controlling wood traits and growth in Eucalyptus nitens
GEO Series GSE56592. Eucalyptus nitens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
ArchiWood: dataset of legacy documents about wood anatomical, morphological, and architectural traits for plant species in Madagascar
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Digitization of a part of CIRAD's' xylotheque, one of the most important collections of tropical timber in the world, now allows researchers, experts in the field, trainers and archaeologists to have a new source of homogenized information. This corpus constitutes a unique database on the botanical characteristics of many species of Madagascar and could feed the research in both ecological and systematic fields by the possibility to define traits and criteria usable for example in phylogeny or functional ecology.</p> <p>The island of Madagascar presents a remarkable floristic diversity, with a very high rate of endemism, making it a permanent laboratory for the study of the mechanisms governing evolution.</p> <p>The digitization project was conducted in close coordination with other projects currently underway involving the same partners. 995 species are concerned by the ArchiWood project: 3 planes of anatomical sections for each species, associated with a total of 100 field notebooks (architectural sketches) and 20,000 slides.</p> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>This dataset is composed of digitized legacy documents, all related to Madagascar biodiversity:</p> <ul> <li>More than 2,300 illustrations and notes taken from field notebooks</li> <li>More than 1,200 anatomical cuts</li> <li>More than 70 photographs of plants and landscapes</li> </ul> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p><em>Digitization of anatomical cuts</em><br> For each species, there are 3 anatomical cuts associated with the 3 planes of symmetry of the material: radial, tangential and longitudinal. Each cut was scanned using an Olympus DP71 digital camera fitted on an Olympus BX60 microscope. The shooting software that drives the camera is Archimed from Microvision Instruments. The image format is 24 bits colored TIFF. Each image is 1600 x 1200 pixels for 3 different magnifications of the microscope: x40 (overview of the cut), x200 (main features anatomical from IAWA), x400 (highlighting fine lines such as punctuations).</p> <p><em>Digitization of sketches (from field notebooks) </em><br> The digitized information in the field notebooks is made up of architectural sketches (with descriptive notes). The slides include additional remarkable visual information of field sketches (flowers, fruits, overview, geographical implantation conditions…). The sketches were scanned using a resolution of 300 dpi, 24 bits colors in JPEG format.</p> <p><em>Digitization of photographs (24 x 36 mm)</em><br> The photographs were scanned at 600 dpi, 24 bits colors in JPEG format.</p> <p><strong>File management and data quality control</strong></p> <p>Controlling images and adding metadata operations were carried out by the researchers concerned in their field of activity (anatomy, botany, architecture). The homogenization and final harmonization of the metadata and data was carried out by the data manager.<br> </p>
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