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1,723 results for “Alpine”
Resampling alpine herbarium records reveals changes in plant traits over space and time - dataset
<p><strong>Data overview:</strong></p> <p>These data correspond to the analyses conducted for the article "Resampling alpine herbarium records reveals changes in plant traits over space and time" by Francesca Jaroszynska, Christian Rixen, Sarah Woodin, Jonathan Lenoir and Sonja Wipf, in Journal of Ecology</p> <p><strong>Metadata for jaroszynska_herbarium_traits_data.csv:</strong></p> <p>date = date; date of collection</p> <p>time = factor; time of collection (historical or recent)</p> <p>elevation = numerical; elevation in metres above sea level of the sample collection site</p> <p>selevation = numerical; scaled <em>elevation</em></p> <p>selevation2 = numerical; elevation in metres above sea level of sample collection site (elevation/1000).</p> <p>sSlope = numerical; scaled slope (slope/10)</p> <p>slope = numerical; computed slope based on elevation</p> <p>trait = string; name of the measured trait</p> <ul> <li> <p>crFlowerN = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; number of flowers</p> </li> <li> <p>crHeight = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; plant height</p> </li> <li> <p>crLeafL = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; length of longest leaf</p> </li> <li> <p>crRosetteLeafN = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; number of leaves in rosette</p> </li> <li> <p>paBasalLeafL = numerical; Poa alpina; basal leaf length</p> </li> <li> <p>paInflorescenceL = numerical; Poa alpina; inflorescence length</p> </li> <li> <p>paHeight = numerical; Poa alpina; plant height</p> </li> <li> <p>pvInfL = numerical; Polygonum viviparum; length of inflorescence</p> </li> <li> <p>pvLA = numerical; Polygonum viviparum; leaf area (length x width)</p> </li> <li> <p>pvLeafL = numerical; Polygonum viviparum; leaf length</p> </li> <li> <p>pvRepH= numerical; Polygonum viviparum; plant height</p> </li> <li> <p>rgFlowerStemL = numerical; Ranunculus glacialis; flowering stem length</p> </li> <li> <p>rgLeafStemL = numerical; Ranunculus glacialis; petiole length</p> </li> <li> <p>rgLeafW = numerical; Ranunculus glacialis; leaf width</p> </li> <li> <p>rgFlowerN = integer; Ranunculus glacialis; number of flowers</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>traitGroup = factor; the group to which each trait belongs (VegHeight = vegetative height, ReprHeight = reproductive height, ReprOut = reproductive output, PhotoCap = photosynthetic capacity)</p> <p>value = numerical; value of the trait measured</p> <p>species = factor; species code (car_res = Cardamine resedifolia, ran_glac = Ranunculus glacialis, pol_viv = Polygonum viviparum, poa_alp = Poa alpina)</p> <p>transect = string; transect along which the herbarium sample was taken</p> <p>confidence = factor; reliability of the metadata associated with the herbarium sample, assigned by the authors Jaroszynska and Wipf (low, medium, high)</p> <p>northness = numerical; northness</p> <p>eastness = numerical; eastness</p> <p>observer = string; botanist who conducted the collection</p> <p>sheet = string; unique identifier for the collection sheet</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata for jaroszynska_climate_traits_data.csv:</strong></p> <p>year = year; year of sample collection</p> <p>Month = integer; month of sample colection</p> <p>Temperature = numerical; monthly average temperature (ºC)</p> <p>Precipitation = numerical; monthly total precipitation (mm)</p> <p>yearMonth = string; year.month</p> <p>season = factor; season associated to the corresponding month (spring, summer, autumn, winter)</p> <p>timePeriod = factor; climate period referring to the time before, after, or during the baseline reference period (see article for further details)</p> <p>meanAnnTemp = numerical; mean annual temperature (ºC)</p> <p>sumAnnPrecip = numerical; total annual precipitation (mm)</p> <p>meanSeaTemp = numerical; mean seasonal temperature (ªC)</p> <p>sumSeaPrecip = numerical; total seasonal precipitation (mm)</p> <p>meanRefTemp = numerical; mean seasonal temperature for reference period (ªC)</p> <p>temp_anomaly = numerical; temerature anomaly from the reference period (ªC)</p> <p>lagMonths = string; used in seasonal calculation</p> <p>seasonal_precip = numerical; seasonal precipitation (mm)</p> <p>precip_anomaly = numerical; seasonal precipitation anomaly (mm)</p>
Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
<p>1. The consequences of community metrics (e.g., co-flowering diversity and floral density) and plant traits (e.g., pollinator dependency and trait similarity) on pollen limitation may depend on pollinator-mediated competitive or facilitative interactions among plants in co-flowering communities, which could vary with community contexts (i.e. different altitude communities) and under human disturbances (e.g., livestock grazing). However, the mechanisms to alleviate pollen limitation under the different contexts, considering pollinator-mediated interactions among neighbor plants are unclear.</p> <p>2. We investigated pollen limitation under grazing versus ungrazing conditions in low versus high altitude alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediating pollen limitation associated with livestock grazing.</p> <p>3. Pollen limitation is prevalent in alpine grasslands, irrespective of community contexts. Grazing exclusion decreased pollen limitation in the two sites but in different ways. In the high-altitude site, pollen limitation was reduced by the exclusion of grazers through increased trait similarity (suggesting facilitation). While pollen limitation was reduced by decreased trait similarity (suggesting competition avoidance) under grazing exclusion in the low-altitude site.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and Applications: This study suggests that flower trait distribution patterns (i.e. trait similarity) influence pollen limitation through reducing competition in the low-altitude site or enhancing facilitation in the high-altitude site under grazing exclusion in alpine grasslands. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of pollen limitation in co-flowering alpine grassland communities under distinct human disturbances at different altitudes, emphasizing the role of pollinator-mediated interactions among plants on plant reproductive success.</p>
Alpine climate and soils heterogeneity data and simulation results
<p>We developed metrics of climatic and edaphic heterogeneity, using principal components analyses and the shoelace algorithm, and added elevation range. We applied commonality analysis to partition the unique and shared explanation of the observed vascular plant species richness among selected metrics. A simulation was developed to separate the relative importance of area and heterogeneity at different extents and representations of spatial nestedness, and the heterogeneity – effective area tradeoff was evaluated by altering spatial discreteness.</p> <p>The simulations revealed that heterogeneity was consistently more important, but less so among smaller areas. This qualitative pattern was maintained regardless of whether and how nestedness was represented. The heterogeneity – effective area tradeoff occurred in a few simulations of more discrete habitats.</p>
Near-bed stratification controls bottom hypoxia in ice-covered alpine lakes
<p>Dataset supporting the study of the development of near-bottom hypoxia in high-altitude lakes.</p> <p>Herein, hypoxia is set for dissolved oxygen concentrations equal to or below 2 mg/l</p> <p>Variables: Lake (name of the lake), Year (corresponding winter of measurements),Max_depth (lake'smax depth, in m),Lake_surface (lake's surface area in m2), Drainage_ratio (unitless), Percent_macrophyte_cover (lake's average macrophyte cover, in %), Catchement_NDVI (unitless),Secchi (Secchi depth in m, measured over the previous summer), ice_duration (estimated duration of the ice cover, in days), T_ice_on (average water column temperature at the date of ice_on, in °C), DOinit (average concentration in dissolved oxygen at ice-on, in mg/l), DOinitsat (average saturation in dissolved oxygen_DO_ at ice-on, in %), time_under_hypoxia (duration in days of near-bottom hypoxia under the ice), time_to_hypoxia (time in days to reach near-bottom hypoxia under the ice, after the onset of ice), Kexp (near_bottom DO decay rate under the ice, in /d), Klm (rate of near_bottom DO decrease under the ice, in mg/l/d), Kheat (deep warming rate under the ice, in /d).</p> <p>see the corresponding paper for more details</p> <p> </p>
Nimble code and dataset for: Estimating true density in large, alpine herbivores using Google Earth imagery
<p>This nimble code will estimate elk density from the count data (DO_data_list.RData) and covariates (DO_constants_list.RData). Data and covariates include: a 'y' matrix of double observer counts with 3315 rows (1 for each 250 m square plot) and 3 columns for the observer 1's exclusive counts, observer 2's exclusive counts, and the count of elk detected by both observers. The double-observe protocol was only employed in 372 random cells. 'n' is a vector of total counts – the total number of uniquely detected elk in each plot. 'obs1tot' is a vector of the total count of elk by just observer 1, who counted elk in all 3315 cells. There are two dummy indicator variables that are all 1's ('obs1constraint' and 'obs2constraint') to constrain unobserved but estimated counts to sum to expected totals. For example, observer 1 was the only observer in 2943 plots. This single count would be the equivalent of the sum of the exclusive observer 1 counts and the joint observer 1 and 2 counts in a double-observer protocol. Additionally, the sum of observer 2s exclusive counts and observer 1's total counts must equal the total count of unique individuals in a cell. The covariates 'meadow' and 'deadfall' are the additive log-ratio transformations of the proportion of open meadow and burned forest, respectively, in each 250-m plot. The 'nonforest' covariate is the number of hectares in each plot that was not conifer forest. 'M' is the total number of plots. 'firstsearch' is an indicator variable, indicating which plots were part of the first search area in the alpine >2750 m above sea level. 'domethod' is an indicator variable, indicating which plots were searched using the double-observer protocol. </p>
Temperature drives the coordination between aboveground nutrient conservation and belowground nutrient acquisition in alpine coniferous forests
<p><span>Aboveground nutrient conservation via resorption processes and belowground nutrient acquisition from soils are two important mechanisms for plants to maintain nutrition and ecosystem functions. However, </span><span>the mechanism by which plants coordinate these two nutrient strategies</span><span>, especially for ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-dominated conifers in alpine forests, remains unclear.</span></p> <p><span>We investigated the relationships between aboveground nutrient conservation and belowground nutrient acquisition and their environmental drivers by measuring leaf </span><span>nutrient (i.e., nitrogen [N] and phosphorous [P]) resorption efficiency, resource foraging- and uptake-related </span><span>root morphological </span><span>(root diameter [RD], specific root length [SRL]/area [SRA])</span><span> and physiological </span><span>(root tissue density [RTD], root N and P concentration)</span><span> traits</span><span>, mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR), rhizosphere effect on soil N and P cycling, and environmental factors of 40 ECM coniferous populations on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China.</span></p> <p><span>Our results show that w</span><span>ith increasing leaf </span><span>nutrient (N and P) resorption efficiency</span><span>, conifers shifted from depending on the 'outsourcing' strategy by mycorrhizal fungi (high MCR) to relying on the 'do-it-yourself' strategy of root mining (high rhizosphere effect on N- and P-mining</span><span>-</span><span>related enzyme activities) rather than on root foraging (high SRL and SRA) and </span><span>preferred</span><span> more conservative roots (high RTD and low root N and P concentrations). </span><span>Temperature was the main factor driving a negative relationship of ECM fungi foraging, root uptake and a positive relationship of root mining with leaf nutrient resorption</span><span>,</span><span> while precipitation resulted in a decoupled relationship between root foraging and leaf nutrient resorption.</span></p> <p><span>Our findings</span> <span>demonstrate temperature-driven and diverse </span><span>collaborations</span><span> (e.g., tradeoff or synergy) between </span><span>belowground nutrient acquisition</span><span> and </span><span>aboveground nutrient conservation strategies</span><span> in alpine ECM conifers and</span><span> highlight that </span><span>the preference </span><span>for</span><span> belowground nutrient acquisition strategies could influence </span><span>the aboveground </span><span>nutrient utilization strategy. This is insightful for a holistic understanding of the adaptation and responses of alpine forests to climatic change.</span></p>
Season-dependent impact of forage quality on stress in Alpine chamois
<p>Chronically heightened stress levels in wildlife species may have detrimental effects on individual life history traits, for example through the increased likelihood of disease, parasitic infections, and overall reduced fitness. Understanding the drivers of stress may thus have great potential for informing wildlife conservation. Although the role of climate and individual status is well studied in stress ecology, the impact of related stressors such as dietary quality is of increasing interest to wildlife research and conservation. In this study, fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) in Alpine chamois <em>Rupicapra r. rupicapra,</em> used as bioindicators of stress, and their relationship with forage quality – measured as the percentage of fecal crude protein (CP) – were investigated. Data collection took place in 2011 and 2012 in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Western Italian Alps), on 22 individually marked adult males. The relationship between FCMs and CPs was analyzed through linear models and seperated between winter and summer months, accounting for the effect of potentially confounding exogenous and endogenous variables. After AICc-based model selection, we found that forage quality was negatively related to FCM levels in Alpine chamois during the summer months, meaning that higher quality forage was associated with the decreased expression of stress hormones. However, during the winter months, we did not find a significant relationship, potentially as a result of forage quality being ubiquitously poor. Although the mechanisms through which dietary variations impact FCM concentrations in wildlife populations are largely unknown, the occurrence of significant relationships between forage quality and stress levels supports potentially important implications for the long-term effect of climatic changes on the fitness of wildlife populations.</p>
Absolute Gravity Measurements at the Alpine Research Centre in Obergurl (Austria) in September 2021
<p>This report contains the results of absolute gravity measurements carried out at Alpine Research Centre (University of Innsbruck) in Obergurgl. The measurements took place on the pier 0-173-02 (Figure 1) in September 2021.</p> <p>The absolute gravimeter FG5X#216 was operated by Olivier Francis and Raquel Navarro Buendía from the University of Luxembourg.</p> <p>The measurements are part of an on-going research collaboration between the Geophysics Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg and Christian Ullrich and Helmut Titz from the Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (BEV, Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying) in Vienna, Austria.</p> <p>It is the fourth time we measured at this site. Measurements were previously performed in June, September 2018 and 2019. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we could not take measurements in 2020.</p>
Identifying the environmental drivers of corridors and predicting connectivity between seasonal ranges in multiple populations of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) as tools for conserving migration
<p># GPS locations of Alpine ibex</p> <p>This dataset contains migratory tracks of Alpine ibex identified using the application Migration Mapper (https://migrationinitiative.org/content/migration-mapper) and used in the work <strong>Identifying the environmental drivers of corridors and predicting connectivity between seasonal ranges in multiple populations of Alpine ibex (<em>Capra ibex</em>) as tools for conserving migration</strong></p> <p># Dataset structure</p> <p>Each row of the dataset represents a GPS location with its coordinates contained in the x (longitude) and y(latitude) columns. Coordinates are given in wgs84 (epsg 4326).<br> The column t1_ informs on the date and time the location was recorded.<br> The id and pop columns provide information about the identity of the animal and the population to which it belongs.</p> <p> </p>
Temperature sensitivity of tree recruitment at alpine treelines increases along latitudinal gradients
<p>Alpine treeline is highly sensitive to temperature change, and treelines worldwide have been rapidly responding to temperature warming by increasing tree density. However, often inconsistent or even conflicting results regarding the response of tree recruitment to temperature change across regions, still challenge our profound comprehension of warming-induced treeline dynamics. Here, we identified the temperature sensitivity of tree recruitment within alpine treeline ecotones (i.e., the strength of the relationship between tree recruitment and temperature change), and tested whether and how the temperature sensitivity changed along latitudinal gradients by examining 124 alpine treelines across North America and Asia. Our analyses demonstrated that temperature changes could significantly influence tree recruitment at treeline ecotones and the sensitivity of tree recruitment to temperature change was significantly and positively associated with latitude, showing that tree recruitment was more sensitive to temperature change at high latitudes than at low latitudes. Our findings highlighted the heterogeneous responses of tree recruitment at alpine treelines to temperature changes across latitudinal gradients, which should be incorporated into assessment models to improve future projections of global warming impacts across alpine ecosystems.</p>
Absolute Gravity Measurements at the Alpine Research Centre in Obergurgl (Austria) in June 2019
<p> This report contains the results of absolute gravity measurements carried out at Alpine Research Centre (University of Innsbruck) in Obergurgl in June 2019. The absolute gravimeter FG5X#216 was operated by Olivier Francis and Sajad Tabibi from the University of Luxembourg. The measurements are part of an on-going research collaboration between the Geophysics Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg and Christian Ullrich from the Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (BEV, Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying) in Vienna, Austria. It is the third time we measured at this site. Measurements were previously performed in June and September 2018.</p>
Precipitation, rather than temperature drives coordination of multidimensional root traits with ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests
<ol> <li><span>The interactions between roots and mycorrhizal fungi are critical for our understanding of the multidimensional root economics space. Our knowledge on their relationships comes mainly from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, and less is known about how roots are coordinated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities, especially in ECM-dominated alpine forests that are highly sensitive to climate change worldwide.</span></li> <li> <span>Here, we investigated the coordination between roots and ECM fungi and their drivers by measuring </span><span>multiple</span><span> root traits, ECM fungal </span><span>composition and environmental factors of 47 coniferous populations across the alpine coniferous forests </span><span>on the Tibetan Plateau.</span> </li> <li> <span>Our results reveal two independent fine-root trait dimensions, i.e., root foraging dimension and root uptake dimension, which are represented by</span> <span>root diameter-specific root length, root tissue density-root N concentration. Importantly, the hyphal exploration-type-based ECM foraging correlated significantly with both root foraging and root uptake dimension. Further, in the low-temperature plateau, it is precipitation-induced changes in soil moisture, soil nutrients and pH that drive the proportion of </span><span>longer-</span><span>distance hyphal exploration types to increase with </span><span>higher root </span><span>foraging </span><span>by higher </span><span>specific root length, and </span><span>to </span><span>decrease with </span><span>higher </span><span>uptake </span><span>by higher </span><span>root N concentration.</span> </li> <li> <span><em>Synthesis</em>.</span><span> The coordination of multidimensional root traits with ECM fungi differs greatly from the well-recognized pattern in AM plants that mycorrhizal fungi connect predominantly with root foraging and that roots and mycorrhizal fungi are temperature sensitive. These findings provide a new insight for our holistic understanding of how roots and mycorrhizal fungi vary collaboratively and hence driving plant community assembly and responses to the changing climate.</span> </li> </ol>
Data for "Upward migration of calanoid copepods is driven by high food quality in surface waters in an alpine lake"
<p>In this study, we explored why zooplankton migrated to surface waters at night from the perspective of their physiological characteristics and adaptability to the environment. The calanoid Arctodiaptomus sp. accumulated large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and astaxanthin, which relieved oxidative stress to fatty acids. The concentrations of lutein, a precursor of astaxanthin synthesis, were highest in surface water, indicating the enhancement of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to precursor synthesis, which was confirmed by our indoor experiment. The calanoids migrated to surface water at night to obtain high concentrations of lutein and PUFAs from their diets. Relevant data for this study include: the vertical distribution of <em>Arctodiaptomus</em> sp. during the day and at night; concentrations of total astaxanthin, free astaxanthin, astaxanthin esters in <em>Arctodiaptomus</em> sp. at night and during the day; fatty acid concentration and the ratio of SAFAs (saturated fatty acids), MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), and PUFAs in<em> Arctodiaptomus</em> sp. during the day and at night; the carotenoid concentrations in seston at different depth of Lake Heihai during the day and at night; the lutein concentration in seston under UVR and dark treatment; main characteristics of Lake Heihai; fatty acid concentrations and the ratio of SAFAs , MUFAs, and PUFAs of seston in Lake Heihai; the relative abundance of Chlorophytes with the size of greater than 5 μm and 0.2-5 μm in different layers of Lake Heihai; fatty acid concentrations of the calanoids in Fuxian Lake.</p>
Compositional shifts of alpine plant communities across the High Andes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Climate change is transforming mountain summit plant communities worldwide, but we know little about such changes in the High Andes. Understanding large-scale patterns of vegetation changes across the Andes, and the factors driving these changes, is fundamental to predicting the effects of global warming. We assessed trends in vegetation cover, species richness (SR) and community-level thermal niches (CTN) and tested whether they are explained by summits' climatic conditions and soil temperature trends.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: High Andes</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>: Between 2011/2012 and 2017/2019</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Vascular plants</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using permanent vegetation plots placed on 45 mountain summits and soil temperature loggers situated along a ~6,800 km N-S gradient, we measured species and their percentage cover and estimated CTN in two surveys (intervals between 5-8 years). We then estimated the annual rate of changes for the three variables and used generalized linear models to assess their relationship with rates of change in the locally recorded soil temperatures, annual precipitation, and the minimum air temperatures of each summit.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Over time, there was an average loss of vegetation cover (mean = -0.26 %/yr), and a gain in SR across summits (mean = 0.38 species m<sup>2</sup>/yr), but most summits had significant increases in SR and vegetation cover. Changes in SR were positively related to minimum air temperature and soil temperature rate of change. Most plant communities experienced shifts in their composition by including greater abundances of species with broader thermal niches and higher optima. However, the measured changes in soil temperature did not explain the observed changes in CTN.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: High-Andean vegetation is changing in cover and SR and is shifting towards species with wider thermal niche breadths. The weak relationship with soil temperature trends could have resulted from the short study period that only marginally captures changes in vegetation through time.</p>
Data of "Inferring the Basal Friction Law from long term observations of Glacier Length, Thickness and Velocity changes on an Alpine Glacier"
<p>This dataset contains the surface velocity and elevation of Argentière Glacier in 2003 and 2018 used in:</p> <p>Gilbert, A., Gimbert, F., Gagliardini, O., & Vincent, C. (2023). Inferring the Basal Friction Law From Long Term Changes of Glacier Length, Thickness and Velocity on an Alpine Glacier. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>50</em>(16), e2023GL104503. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104503">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104503</a></p> <p>Surface DEM files contain elevation Z on a 20X20 meter grid (geotif files, coordinnate are in Lambert 2E ( EPSG:27572 ) )</p> <p>Horizontal Velocity files contain measured horizontal velocities Vh in m/yr on a 20X20 meter grid (geotif files, coordinnate are in Lambert 2E ( EPSG:27572 ) )</p>
Data for: Water depth and transparency drive the quantity and quality of organic matter in sediments of Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau
<p>The primary objectives of the study were to: (i) determine OM quantity and quality in the sediments of alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, (ii) identify the primary environmental regulators of OM quantity and quality, and (iii) reveal OM transformations in the water column and sediments.</p> <p>Firstly, we collected sediments and lake water from 20 lakes with diverse morphology and sizes across the entire Tibetan Plateau.</p> <p>Secondly, We analyzed the bulk sedimentary OM and two leachable pools of the sedimentary OM, i.e., water-soluble OM and alkaline-extracted OM combining elemental and stable isotopic analysis, optical measurements (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy), and ultrahigh-resolution molecular techniques (i.e., electrospray ionization-assisted Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI FT-ICR MS). We also measured the lake water physicochemical characteristics (i.e., depth, transparency, salinity, turbidity, DO, pH, TN, TP and Chl a), as well as the composition of dissolved OM in water column via optical measurements.</p> <p>Thirdly, we performed statistical analysis to determine the primary environmental control and predictors of the spatial variability in sedimentary OM on the Tibetan Plateau. The statistical analysis included non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc test, redundancy analysis, and linear regression models.</p> <p>Main results of the study are that (i) sedimentary water-soluble OM and alkaline-extracted OM were both dominated by low-molecular-weight, low-aromaticity compounds with low contributions of terrestrial humic substances, suggesting that sedimentary leachable OM was primarily regulated by in-lake sources and processes; (ii) water depth, water transparency, and total phosphorus concentration in water column explained ~50% variance of sedimentary bulk and leachable OM, substantiating the importance of autochthonous sources and primary productivity in regulating the quantity and quality of sedimentary OM; (iii) in comparison to lake surface water DOM, water-soluble OM and alkaline-extracted OM from sediments had higher proportions of terrestrial humic-like substances, suggesting preferential preservation of allochthonous materials in the sediments.</p>
Data from: Parallel shifts in trout feeding morphology suggest rapid adaptation to alpine lake environments
<p>Eco-evolutionary interactions following ecosystem change provide critical insight into the ability of organisms to adapt to shifting resource landscapes. Here we explore evidence for the rapid parallel evolution of trout feeding morphology following eco-evolutionary interactions with zooplankton in alpine lakes stocked at different points in time in the Wind River Range (Wyoming, USA). In this system, trout predation has altered the zooplankton species community and driven a decrease in average zooplankton size. In some lakes that were stocked decades ago, we find shifts in gill raker traits consistent with the hypothesis that trout have rapidly adapted to exploit available smaller-bodied zooplankton more effectively. We explore this morphological response in multiple lake populations across two species of trout (cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii, and golden trout Oncorhynchus aguabonita) and examine the impact of resource availability on morphological variation in gill raker number among lakes. Furthermore, we present genetic data to provide evidence that historically stocked cutthroat trout populations likely derive from multiple population sources, and incorporate variation from genomic relatedness in our exploration of environmental predictors of feeding morphology. These findings describe rapid adaptation and eco-evolutionary interactions in trout and document an evolutionary response to novel, contemporary ecosystem change.</p>
Phylogenomics reveal extensive phylogenetic discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting following the rapid radiation of alpine butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassius)
<p><span><span>In rapid radiation, the earliest components of evolutionary divergence are often difficult to resolve, which were always driven by the characteristics of taxa and the limitations of alternative analytical methods</span>. </span><span>The origin and radiation of the alpine butterfly <em>Parnassius</em>, a high-altitude mountainous insect group, can be attributed to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Despite detailed phylogenetic analyses of the genus, deep phylogenetic relationships among the major subgenera remain recalcitrant. In this study, 102 individuals from 10 representative <em>Parnassius</em> species were sampled to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among subgenera based on nuclear and mitochondrial genome data sets. Gene-tree/species-tree conflicts were detected by concatenation and multispecies coalescent (MSC) approaches. We recovered a well-supported species tree, despite these conflicts, and detected considerable phylogenetic discordance among genomic regions. The main explanation for the topological discordance among subgenera was extensive incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), whereas introgression events were not prominent. The origin and explosive radiation of <em>Parnassius</em> (i.e., rapid succession of speciation events) in the late Miocene associated with environmental events on the plateau led to short internal branches, thereby increasing ILS and topological conflicts, especially among closely related subgenera. Our results also suggested that MSC approaches (SNAPP and SVDquartets) are accurate and superior to the concatenation approach; in particular, SVDquartets can explicitly accommodate gene-tree/species-tree conflicts caused by high ILS and demonstrate strong robustness. Lastly, we explored the phylogenomic data by testing multiple sources of phylogenomic conflict to clarify the strengths and limitations of different approaches, while considering phylogenetic signal variation in mitochondrial loci. We anticipate that the phylogeny described here will be the backbone of future evolutionary studies of the genus and will provide insight into phylogenetic discordance due to rapid radiation.</span></p>
KPP-3 Artifact for WarpX <> ALPINE: Ascent + VTK-m
<p>This documents a run of WarpX with in situ visualization using Ascent and VTK-m. The simulation was run on Frontier (OLCF).</p> <p>ECP project ALPINE provides GPU capable C++ libraries (Conduit, Ascent, VTK-h) that can use VTK-m for rendering of multi-source, multi-camera scenes. Using Ascent and VTK-m, both a WarpX simulation and a coupled in situ visualization were run on over 500 Frontier GPUs.</p> <p>WarpX documentation: https://warpx.readthedocs.io<br> Ascent documentation: https://ascent.readthedocs.io</p>
Puke or poop? Comparison of regurgitate and faecal samples to infer alpine grasshopper (Paprides nitidus Hutton) diet in experimental plant communities
<p>Characterising plant-herbivore interactions is important to understanding the processes that influence community structure and ecosystem functioning. Traditional methods used to identify plant-herbivore interactions are being superseded by non-destructive molecular approaches that can infer interactions with greater resolution and accuracy from environmental DNA (e.g., faeces and regurgitate). However, few studies have compared the use of different types of samples and whether they provide similar or contrasting information about species' diet. Here we compared the success of DNA amplification and host plant species identification using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of faecal and regurgitate samples collected from alpine grasshoppers <em>Paprides</em> <em>nitidus</em> Hutton during a grassland community mesocosm experiment. We found that DNA amplification success was 23% and 86% higher for faecal than regurgitate samples from female and male grasshoppers, respectively, whereas successful host plant identification using RFLP was 9% higher for regurgitate than faecal samples. The mean number of host plant species identified per sample (1.40) did not differ between sample types or grasshopper sexes. Of the 136 paired faecal-regurgitate samples, just 41% and 74% produced exactly or partially matching host plant identifications, respectively, indicating that different sample types provided complementary information about herbivore diet. Some plant species were more likely to be identified from faecal samples than expected by chance, and this identification bias skewed towards greater representation in faecal samples for plant species with higher investment in leaf tissue. We conclude that multiple sample types may be required to fully characterise an invertebrate herbivore species' diet.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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