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Figures 722–751. Type F in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 722–751. Type F sensilla as fluorescence waveguides. Figure 722. Model of Type F sensillum as fluorescence-trapping cylindrical shell optical waveguide. Symbols: λ ex, UV excitation wavelengths; λ em, fluorescence emission wavelengths; Θ, angle of incidence with total internal reflection at air interface; Φ, angle of incidence with total internal reflection at air interface, and refraction at sensillum lymph interface; n 1, refractive index of cuticle; n 3, refractive index of sensillum lymph; d, shell thickness. See text for explanation of numbered steps. Figures 723–724. Type F sensillum from external fixed finger of left pedipalp chela, Androctonus crassicauda ♂, fluorescence images under uniform UV illumination (723) and UV spot illumination restricted to proximal half (724). Arrows indicate apical tip emission. Scale bar: 5 μm. Figures 725–749. Type F sensilla with apical tip fluorescence emission under UV excitation, from movable fingers of 25 species in seven scorpion families: Anuroctonidae (744), Bothriuridae (725), Buthidae (726–737), Chactidae (738), Hormuridae (739, 741–742), Scorpionidae (740, 743), and Vaejovidae (745–749). Scale bars: 20 μm. Figures 750–751. Type F sensilla with apical tip fluorescence emission under UV excitation, on distal external surfaces of right pedipalp chela movable fingers of Nebo omanensis ♂ (750) and Diplocentrus whitei ♂ (751) (Diplocentridae).
Figures 677–692 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 677–692. Trapping and escape of fluorescence in scorpion cuticle. Figure 677. Model of cuticle as fluorescence-trapping planar optical waveguide. Symbols: λ ex, UV excitation wavelengths; λ em, fluorescence emission wavelengths; Θ, angle of incidence with total internal reflection; Θ a, critical angle, air interface; Θ h, critical angle, hemolymph interface. Illustrated fluorophore is 4-methylumbelliferone (Frost el. al., 2001). See text for explanation of numbered steps. Figures 678–679. Grosphus hirtus ♂, metasoma III, ventral (678) and right lateral (679) views. Figure 680. Nebo omanensis ♂, right pedipalp chela, external view. Figure 681. Heteroctenus junceus ♂, sternite III stridulatory area. Figure 682. Parabuthus pallidus ♂, metasoma I dorsal stridulatory area. Figures 683–684. Apistobuthus pterygocercus ♀, metasoma III. Spiniform granules, right dorsolateral carina (683), and right ventrosubmedian carina (684), ventral views. Figure 685. Hottentotta jayakari ♂, metasoma III, anterior peduncle, dorsal view. Figure 686. Orthochirus glabrifrons ♂, tergite V, clavate granules and lattice microstructure, tangential view, posterior margin. Figure 687. Paravaejovis confusus ♂, carapace. Figure 688. Neobuthus amoudensis ♀, tergite II. Figure 689. Lychas obsti ♂, carapace. Figure 690. Teruelius olgae ♂, right pedipalp chela, manus, external view, with area of water layer contact under glass slide (bright central patch). Figures 691–692. Androctonus crassicauda ♀, right pedipalp chela, manus, external view, without (691) and with (692) areas of glass contact. Horizontal white arrows: areas of glass contact (692); vertical white arrows: ruptured cuticle (691–692). UV fluorescence (678–692). Scale bars as indicated.
Figures 752–804. Type F in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 752–804. Type F sensilla with apical tip fluorescence emission under UV excitation, from movable fingers of 53 species in eleven scorpion families. Belisariidae (782), Buthidae (753–781), Chactidae (783), Diplocentridae (787–791), Euscorpiidae (785), Hemiscorpiidae (792), Iuridae (784), Pseudochactidae (752), Scorpiopidae (786), Urodacidae (793), and Vaejovidae (794–804). Scale bars: 20 μm. Sensilla
Figures 609–642 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 609–642. Subterminal sensilla (STS) of pedipalp movable fingers. Type F sensilla of Caraboctonidae (617–618, 621–622), Chactidae (615–616, 629–630, 637–638), Chaerilidae (611–612), Euscorpiidae (613–614, 619–620, 627–628, 635–636), Hadruridae (623–624), Iuridae (625–626), Pseudochactidae (609–610), Scorpiopidae (631–632), Superstitioniidae (633–634), and Vaejovidae (639–642). Abbreviations: L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light (color images), and UV fluorescence (monochrome images).
Figures 643–676 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 643–676. Subterminal sensilla (STS) of pedipalp movable fingers. Type F sensilla of Vaejovidae. Abbreviations: M, movable finger; F, fixed finger; L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light (color images), and UV fluorescence (monochrome images).
Figures 530–564 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 530–564. Subterminal sensilla (STS) of pedipalp fingers. Cruz-Armas sensilla (CAS) of Buthidae: 'Buthus' group. Abbreviations: M, movable finger; F, fixed finger; L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light.
Figures 843–858 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 843–858. External and internal fluorescence of scorpion cuticle. UV fluorescence images of isolated carapaces in external and internal viewing/ UV illumination configurations: Smeringurus vachoni, ♀ dissected (843–846) and ♀ exuvium (847–850), ♂ dissected (831–834), Nebo omanensis ♀ dissected (851–854) and ♀ exuvium (855–858). Abbreviations: DD, dorsal view, dorsal UV illumination (843, 847, 851, 855); DV, dorsal view, ventral UV illumination (844, 848, 852, 856); VD, ventral view, dorsal UV illumination (845, 849, 853, 857); VV, ventral view, ventral UV illumination (846, 850, 854, 858); D = external, V = internal. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figures 565–599 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 565–599. Subterminal sensilla (STS) of pedipalp fingers. Cruz-Armas sensilla (CAS) of Buthidae: 'Buthus' group (565–569), 'Tityus' group (570–581), 'Ananteris-Isometrus' group (582–589), and 'Charmus-Uroplectes' group (590–599). Abbreviations: M, movable finger; F, fixed finger; L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light.
Figures 470–504 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 470–504. Subrow proximal sensilla (SPS) of pedipalp fingers. Figures 470–484. SEM images of pedipalp fingers. Euscorpiidae (470–473, 477–479), Iuridae (474–476, 482–483) and Vaejovidae (480–481, 484). White arrows indicate SPS sensilla. Scale bars: 10 μm (471–472, 478), 50 μm (474, 476–477, 479–483), 100 μm (470, 473, 484), and 500 μm (475). Figures 485–494. Uroctonus mordax, subadult ♂ (Chactidae), SPS and enlarged proximal median denticle (MDPE) on left movable finger, subrows 1 (485, 490), 2 (486, 491), 3 (487, 492), 4 (488, 493) and 5 (489, 494) (external views, mirrored). Scale bar: 20 μm. Transmitted white light (485–489), and UV fluorescence (490–494). Figures 495–504. Hadrurus arizonensis, juvenile ♀ (Hadruridae), SPS and enlarged proximal median denticle (MDPE) on left movable finger, subrows 0 (495, 500), 3 (496, 501), 6 (497, 502), 8 (498, 503) and 9 (499, 504) (internal views). Scale bar: 20 μm. Transmitted white light (495–499), and UV fluorescence (500–504).
Figures 436–469 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 436–469. Subrow proximal sensilla (SPS) and enlarged proximal median denticles (MDPE) on dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Vaejovidae. Abbreviations: L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Subrow numbers appended. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light (color images), and UV fluorescence (monochrome images).
Figures 402–435 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 402–435. Subrow proximal sensilla (SPS) and enlarged proximal median denticles (MDPE) on dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Chaerilidae (402–403), and the 'chactoid' families: Belisariidae (406–407), Caraboctonidae (410–411, 416–417), Chactidae (408– 409, 424–425, 434–435), Euscorpiidae (404–405, 412–415, 422–423, 432–433), Hadruridae (418–419), Iuridae (420–421), Scorpiopidae (426–429)) and Superstitioniidae (430–431). Abbreviations: L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Subrow numbers appended. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light (color images), and UV fluorescence (monochrome images).
Figures 505–529 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 505–529. Subrow proximal sensilla (SPS) of pedipalp fingers. Buthidae. Figures 505–509. SEM images of pedipalp fingers. White arrows indicate SPS sensilla. Scale bars: 10 μm (508), 50 μm (505, 509), and 100 μm (506–507). Figures 510–519. Androctonus australis, adult ♀, SPS and enlarged proximal median denticle (MDPE) on right movable finger, subrows 2 (510, 515), 3 (511, 516), 4 (512, 517), 6 (513, 518) and 10 (514, 519) (internal views, mirrored). Scale bar: 50 μm. Transmitted white light (510–514), and UV fluorescence (515–519). Figures 520–529. Centruroides margaritatus, adult ♀, SPS and enlarged proximal median denticle (MDPE) on right movable finger, subrows 1 (520, 525), 2 (521, 526), 3 (522, 527), 5 (523, 528) and 6 (524, 529) (internal views, mirrored). Scale bar: 50 μm. Transmitted white light (520–524), and UV fluorescence (525–529).
Figures 600–608 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 600–608. Subterminal sensilla (STS) of pedipalp fingers. Cruz-Armas sensilla (CAS) of Buthidae. Figures 600–602. SEM images of distal pedipalp fingers. White arrows indicate CAS sockets. Scale bars: 50 μm (600–601) and 10 μm (602). Figures 603–604. Hottentotta saxinatans, adult ♀, CAS and terminal denticle of right movable finger (internal views, mirrored). Transmitted white light (603) and UV fluorescence (604). Scale bars: 50 μm (603–604, 605–606). Figures 605–606. Centruroides limpidus, adult ♀, CAS and terminal denticle of right movable finger (internal views, mirrored). Transmitted white light (605) and UV fluorescence (606). Figures 607–608. Terminal views of movable and fixed pedipalp fingers of right chelae of Centruroides vittatus (607) and Uroplectes flavoviridis (608), showing relative position of CAS when finger tips are closed (607) or almost closed (608). Movable fingers on left side, fixed fingers on right side of images. Transmitted white light. Scale bars: 50 μm (607, 608).
Figures 693–721 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 693–721. Cross sections of scorpion cuticle. Figures 693–696. Apistobuthus pterygocercus ♀, metasoma II, dorsolateral intercarinal, 40 μm section (693–694), and metasoma III ventrosubmedian (695) and dorsolateral (696) carinae, coronal sections at spiniform granules. Figures 697. Orthochirus glabrifrons ♂, tergite V, clavate granule, optical section, tangential view. Figures 698–701. Centruroides sculpturatus ♀, carapace (698–699), and median eye (700–701), 30 μm sections. Figures 702–703. Hadrurus arizonensis ♂, carapace, 60 μm section. Figures 704–705. Hadrurus arizonensis ♂ exuvium, tergite I, 23 μm parasagittal section. Lower panel of 704: differential interference contrast, showing HX birefringence effects. Figures 706–709. Hottentotta jayakari ♂, tergite IV, 50 μm parasagittal section (706–707), and metasoma II anterior peduncle, coronal section (708–709). Figures 710–711. Nebo omanensis ♀, tergite I, 40 μm parasagittal section. Figures 712–713. Paravaejovis confusus ♂, carapace, 30 μm coronal section. Figures 714–717. Paravaejovis spinigerus ♂, carapace, 30 μm section (714–715), median eye (716) and lateral eye, PLMa (717), coronal sections. Figures 718–719. Smeringurus vachoni ♂, tergite V, 30 μm parasagittal section. Figures 720–721. Uroctonus mordax ♀, subadult, carapace, 20 μm section. Transmitted white light (color images), and UV fluorescence (monochrome images). Scale bars as indicated. Abbreviations: EC, endocuticle; HX, hyaline exocuticle; IX, inner exocuticle; MC mesocuticle.
Figures 331–336 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 331–336. Dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Scorpionidae and Urodacidae. Figures 331–333. Scorpio sp. ♀. Right finger (331), distal finger (332), and mid-finger (333). Figures 334–336. Urodacus elongatus ♀. Right finger (334), distal finger (335), and mid-finger (336). Scale bars: 1 mm (331), 100 μm (332–333), 1 mm (334), and 200 μm (335–336). UV fluorescence.
Figures 337–371 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 337–371. Subrow proximal sensilla (SPS) and enlarged proximal median denticles (MDPE)on dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Buthidae: 'Buthus' group (337–368) and 'Tityus' group (369–371). Abbreviations: L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Subrow numbers appended. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light.
Figures 372–401 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 372–401. Subrow proximal sensilla (SPS) and enlarged proximal median denticles (MDPE) on dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Buthidae: 'Tityus group' (372–382), 'Ananteris-Isometrus' group (383–390), and 'Charmus-Uroplectes' group (391–401). Abbreviations: L, left finger; R, right finger; m, mirrored view; E, external view; I, internal view. Subrow numbers appended. Scale bars: lower right of panels, 50 μm; lower left of panels, 20 μm. Transmitted white light.
Figures 325–330 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 325–330. Dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Scorpionidae. Figures 325–327. Heterometrus spinifer ♀. Right finger (325), distal finger (326), and mid-finger (327). Figures 328–330. Opistophthalmus glabrifrons ♂. Left finger (mirrored) (328), distal finger (329), and mid-finger (330). Scale bars: 2 mm (325), 200 μm (326–327), 1 mm (328), and 200 μm (329–330). UV fluorescence.
Figures 289–294 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 289–294. Dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Diplocentridae. Figures 289–291. Bioculus comondae ♂. Left finger (mirrored) (289), distal finger (290), and mid-finger (291). Figures 292–294. Cazierius gundlachii ♀. Left finger (mirrored) (292), distal finger (293), and mid-finger (294). Scale bars: 400 μm (289), 50 μm (290–291), 400 μm (292), and 50 μm (293–294). UV fluorescence.
Figures 217–222 in A survey of proximal sensilla associated with denticle subrows on scorpion pedipalp fingers (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with observations on scorpion fluorescence
Figures 217–222. Dentate margins of pedipalp movable fingers. Iuridae and Scorpiopidae. Figures 217–219. Iurus dufoureius ♀. Left finger (mirrored) (217), distal finger (218), and subrows 4–5 (219). Figures 220–222. Scorpiops hardwickii ♂. Left finger (mirrored) (220), distal finger (221), and subrows 5–6 (222). Denticle subrow numbering and arrow conventions as described under Figs. 5–10. Scale bars: 1 mm (217), 200 μm (218–219), 400 μm (220), and 100 μm (221–222). UV fluorescence.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.