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Fig. 1 in Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Lely Mountains, eastern Suriname

Fig. 1. Map of the Lely Mountains plateau showing the area surveyed in the red square. The inset image shows the location of the Lely Mountains in Suriname, as indicated by the red arrow. In the right upper side of the figure the Nassau Mountains are visible.

Fig. 4 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon

Fig. 4. Montane endemic amphibian species observed in recent surveys of Mount Mbam, West-Region, Cameroon. a) Astylosternus rheophilus, b) Astylosternus montanus, c) Afrixalus aff. fulvovittatus, d) Hyperolius balfouri, e) Hyperolius igbettensis, f) Hyperolius nitidulus, g) Hyperolius concolor, h) Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris, i) Hyperolius tuberculatus, j) Leptopelis nordequatorialis, k) Leptopelis boulengeri, l) Phrynobatrachus steindachneri, m) Xenopus cf. eysoole, n) Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, and o) Sclerophrys maculata.

Fig. 6 in Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Lely Mountains, eastern Suriname

Fig. 6. (A) Adenomera heyeri; (B) Dendropsophus leucophyllatus; (C) Chiasmocleis shudikarensis; and (D) Pristimantis sp. 4.

Fig. 2 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon

Fig. 2. Montane habitats of amphibian species observed in recent surveys of Mount Mbam, West-Region, Cameroon: a) gallery forest during the rainy season; b): gallery forest during the dry season after a bushfire; c) savanna area transformed by overgrazing; and d): effects of bushfire started for pasture on the same site during the dry season.

Fig. 1 in Value of forest remnants for montane amphibians on the livestock grazed Mount Mbam, Cameroon

Fig. 1. Maps showing (top) the topography of the Bamenda Highlands, white circle showing Mount Mbam in the West Region of Cameroon; and (bottom) the layout of sample sites on Mount Mbam.

Fig. 7 in Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Lely Mountains, eastern Suriname

Fig. 7. (A) Arthrosaura kocki; (B) Loxopholis guianense; (C) Neusticurus bicarinatus; (D) Polychrus marmoratus; and (E) Plica umbra.

Fig. 5 in Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Lely Mountains, eastern Suriname

Fig. 5. (A) Leptodactylus longirostris; (B) Boana boans; (C) Callimedusa tomopterna; (D) Phyllomedusa bicolor; and (E) Pithecopus hypochondrialis. Photos by D. Baeta.

Fig. 4 in Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the Lely Mountains, eastern Suriname

Fig. 4. (A) Trachycephalus typhonius; (B) Leptodactylus knudseni (juv.); (C) Leptodactylus pentadactylus (juv.); (D) Leptodactylus mystaceus; (E) Leptodactylus rhodomystax (juv.); and (F) Ameerega trivittata.

Fig. 5 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 5. Decision tree used for specimens euthanized to obtain tissue. Blue indicates steps in the decision tree. Green indicates procedures that will lead to preservation of tissues for genetic study. Purple indicates procedures that lead to achieving multiple goals, including cell culture and obtaining gametes for current or future ARTs. NOTE: Breeding and IVF can result in offspring that can be used for genetic purposes, thereby achieving multiple goals.

Fig. 6 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 6. Decision tree used to obtain tissue from live animals. Blue indicates steps in the decision tree. Green indicates procedures that will lead to preservation of tissues for genetic study. Purple indicates procedures that lead to achieving multiple goals, including obtaining gametes for current or future ARTs. NOTE: Breeding and IVF can result in offspring that can be used for genetic purposes, thereby achieving multiple goals.

Fig. 4 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 4. Length of time from cell culture initiation to freezing for amphibian cell lines in San Diego Zoo's Frozen Zoo®. Low = 19 days; high = 596 days; average = 154 days.

Fig. 3 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 3. The "tissue piecing" protocol used to preserve viable cells for establishment of cell lines in the future. A) Tissue is cut into long, thin strips. B) Tissue is diced into 1 mm3 fragments before adding medium containing 10% DMSO as a cryoprotectant. C) Prepared tissue is stored in LN2 until future cell culture is possible; those without cell culture capability can transport samples using a dry shipper to maintain cold-chain.

Fig. 2 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 2. Procedures used to obtain amphibian eggs or sperm for use in ARTs. A) Gravid female Leopard Frog (Lithobates sp.) after gonadotropic hormone injection. B) Expressing eggs into container by pressing on abdomen and pushing thumb toward cloaca; eggs can be fertilized (i.e., IVF) by fresh or cryopreserved sperm. Sperm can similarly be released from males by pushing towards the cloaca and releasing sperm naturally (in season) or after injection of gonadotropic hormones (e.g., HIS).

Fig. 1 in P e r s p e c t i v e Integrating current methods for the preservation of amphibian genetic resources and viable tissues to achieve best practices for species conservation

Fig. 1. Role of genetic resource collections in the research and conservation of amphibians. Green indicates the storage of tissues in biobanks. Purple indicates procedures associated with ARTs that lead to achieving multiple goals in amphibian research and conservation. Asterisk (*) denotes tissue or methodologies that are not currently used in ARTs but may be possible in the future. NOTE: For a more complete list of ARTs reference Clulow et al. (2014).

Fig. 3 in Captive breeding program for Scinax alcatraz (Anura: Hylidae): introducing amphibian ex situ conservation in Brazil

Fig. 3. Breeding of Scinax alcatraz at São Paulo Zoo. a) A pair in amplexus. b) Eggs deposited in the water. c) Maintanance of tadpoles in plastic pots with filtered water. d) Post-metamorph individuals (SVL x=12.49 mm). Photos by Cybele Lisboa.

Fig. 6 in Captive breeding program for Scinax alcatraz (Anura: Hylidae): introducing amphibian ex situ conservation in Brazil

Fig. 6. Range of environmental conditions (relative humidity and air temperature) most favorable for reproduction of Scinax alcatraz in captivity.

Fig. 5 in Captive breeding program for Scinax alcatraz (Anura: Hylidae): introducing amphibian ex situ conservation in Brazil

Fig. 5. Correlation between breeding events of Scinax alcatraz and environmental conditions (a) relative humidity and (b) air temperature from August 2013 to December 2017. Pearson product-moment Correlation Coefficient: r = 0.323; p <0.001; N = 732.

Fig. 2 in Captive breeding program for Scinax alcatraz (Anura: Hylidae): introducing amphibian ex situ conservation in Brazil

Fig. 2. Laboratory colony of Scinax alcatraz at Sao Paulo Zoo. a) Aquariums for maintanance of juveniles and adults. b) Plastic cups with filtered water and submerged plants for refuge. Photos by Cybele Lisboa.

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Fig. 3 in Amphibian diversity and conservation along an elevational gradient on Mount Emei, southwestern China

Fig. 3. Local and overall elevational ranges for each amphibian species. For each species, the local elevational range is the maximum minus minimum elevation on Mount Emei (gray box or vertical line), and the overall elevational range size is the published elevational range covering the whole distribution range (the horizontal line).