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opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Sex-specific genetic (co)variances of standard metabolic rate, body mass and locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster

A longstanding focus in evolutionary physiology concerns the causes and consequences of variation in maintenance metabolism. Insight into this can be gained by estimating the sex-specific genetic architecture of maintenance metabolism alongside other, potentially correlated traits on which selection may also act, such as body mass and locomotor activity. This may reveal potential genetic constraints affecting the evolution of maintenance metabolism. Here, we used a half-sibling breeding design to quantify the sex-specific patterns of genetic (co)variance in standard metabolic rate (SMR), body mass, and daily locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster. There was detectable additive genetic variance for all traits in both sexes. As expected, SMR and body mass were strongly and positively correlated, with genetic allometry exponents (bA±se) of 0.66±0.16 in females and 0.58±0.32 in males. There was a significant and positive genetic correlation between SMR and locomotor activity in males, suggesting that alleles that increase locomotion have pleiotropic effects on SMR. Sexual differences in the genetic architecture were driven in large part by a difference in genetic variance in locomotor activity between the sexes. Overall, genetic variation was mostly shared between males and females, setting the stage for a potential intralocus sexual conflict in the face of sexually antagonistic selection.

Fig. 4 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

Fig. 4. Faunistic resemblance of scarabaeoid dung beetle communities among six months of the vegetative season in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland.

Fig. 1 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

Fig. 1. Study area in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland during the first collecting series on 14 April 2008. Photograph by A.Neumann.

Fig. 3 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics and species richness of two scarabaeoid dung beetle nesting guilds in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Lines = number of individuals; bars = number of species.

Fig. 2 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

Fig. 2. Structure of dung beetles communities in six months of the vegetative season in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Numbers above the charts indicate the number of individuals (number of species).

Fig. 6 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

Fig. 6. Comparison of endocoprid and paracoprid guild abundance in material trapped during the day (6 am–6 pm) and at night (6 pm–6 am) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. * = p <0.05; ** = p <0.001.

Fig. 3 in Seasonal Appearance, Diel Flight Activity, and Geographic Distribution of MaleTelegeusis texensisFleenor and Taber (Coleoptera: Telegeusidae)

Fig. 3. Numbers of males (n = 99) at a single flight intercept per 10 minute intervals from 18:00–21:00, Stengl "Lost Pines" Biological Station, 2 May–27 June 2010.

Fig. 2 in Seasonal Appearance, Diel Flight Activity, and Geographic Distribution of MaleTelegeusis texensisFleenor and Taber (Coleoptera: Telegeusidae)

Fig. 2. Bar graphs of adult male Telegeusis texensis at Stengl "Lost Pines" Biological Station during the years of 2000–2002 and 2010. Gray bars represent abundance, diamonds represent daily maximum temperature, squares represent daily minimum temperature, and triangles represent daily precipitation.

Fig. 4 in Seasonal Appearance, Diel Flight Activity, and Geographic Distribution of MaleTelegeusis texensisFleenor and Taber (Coleoptera: Telegeusidae)

Fig. 4. Map of Texas counties with superimposed ecoregions and Telegeusis texensis collection localities plotted as black dots.

Fig. 1 in Seasonal Appearance, Diel Flight Activity, and Geographic Distribution of MaleTelegeusis texensisFleenor and Taber (Coleoptera: Telegeusidae)

Fig. 1. Cumulative bar graph of Telegeusis texensis abundance from 1990–2010 showing peak abundance and thus activity of adult males in April.

opennotspecifiedSep 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Seasonal Activity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Forest Fragments and Crops in São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 2. Seasonal activity of dominant species of Carabidae in three areas of São Paulo, Brazil. NTS = no-tillage system, CTS = conventional tillage system. Solid line = soybean/corn crops; dashed line = forest fragment.

opennotspecifiedSep 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Seasonal Activity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Forest Fragments and Crops in São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 1. Seasonal activity of dominant species of Carabidae in three areas of São Paulo, Brazil. NTS = no-tillage system, CTS = conventional tillage system. Solid line = soybean/corn crops; dashed line = forest fragment.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Association between physical activity and mortality among community-dwelling stroke survivors

Objective: To determine the relationship between physical activity and mortality in community-dwelling stroke survivors. Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey was used to obtain self-reported physical activity (PA) across four survey years and was linked to administrative databases to obtain prior diagnosis of stroke and subsequent all-cause mortality. PA was measured as metabolic equivalents (METs) per week and meeting minimal PA guidelines was defined as 10 MET-hours/week. Cox proportional hazard regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to determine the relationship between PA and all-cause mortality in respondents with prior stroke and controls, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, co-morbidities, and functional health status. Results: The cohort included 895 respondents with prior stroke and 97805 controls. Adhering to PA guidelines was associated with lower hazard of death for those with prior stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.46, 95% CI 0.29-0.73) and controls (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.62-0.76). There was a strong dose-response relationship in both groups, with a steep early slope and the vast majority of associated risk reduction occurring between 0 and 20 MET-hours/week. In the group of stroke respondents, PA was associated with stronger associated risk reduction in those <75 years of age (aHR 0.21, 95% CI 0.10-0.43) compared to those >75 years of age (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.42-1.12). Conclusions: PA was associated with lower all-cause mortality in a dose-dependent manner among those with prior stroke, particularly in younger stroke survivors. Our findings support efforts towards the implementation of PA programs for stroke survivors in the community.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Burrow ambient temperature influences Helice crab activity and availability for migratory Red-crowned Cranes Grus japonensis

For migratory birds that specialize on particular benthic macroinvertebrate species, the timing of migration is critical since prey availability may be temporally limited and a function of local ambient temperature. Hence, variation in local ambient temperature can influence the diet composition of migrant birds, and consequently they may be constrained by which stopover and wintering sites they are able to utilize during periods of colder temperatures. Here we use faecal analysis, observer-based population counts, digital video-recordings, and temperature data to test five predictions regarding the influence of local ambient temperature on the activity and availability of mudflat crabs - a key prey resource at three staging/wintering sites in eastern China, for migratory Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) and how this subsequently influences crane diet and use of wetland sites. Pearson's correlations and generalised linear models revealed that mudflat crabs became significantly more surface active with increasing burrow ambient temperature. Piecewise regression analysis revealed that crab surface activity was largely limited to a burrow ambient temperature threshold between 12~13℃ after which activity significantly increased. Crab activity declining temporally during the crane's autumn migration period but increased during spring migration. Crabs accounted for a significant proportion of crane diet at two of three sites, however the frequency of crab remains was significantly different between sites, and between autumn and spring migration. Analyses of crane count data revealed a degree of congruence between the migration timing of Red-crowned cranes with periods of warmer ambient temperature, and a significant, positive correlation between the percentage of crab remains in crane faeces and site ambient temperature. Collectively our data suggests that temperature-related mudflat crab activity may provide an important time window for migratory Red-crowned cranes to utilise critical stop-over sites and the crabs' food resources.

opennotspecifiedMar 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Female-Biased Dispersal Activity of the River-Shore Stag Beetle,Nicagus japonicusNagel (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), in a Disrupted Habitat

Fig. 1. The ecology and habitat of Nicagus japonicus. a) Female, b) Several N. japonicus on the ground; male and female beetles are indicated by blue and red arrows, respectively, c) Riverside habitat in the Kinugawa River tributary near Dorobu, Japan; in 2012, many N. japonicus were observed on the sandy area of the riverside, d) Habitat completely disrupted in 2013 and only a few N. japonicus were observed in this area, e) Larvae feeding inside driftwood in the laboratory; arrows indicate larval feces packed in the tunnels, f) Larva (arrow) tunneling in the sand and pupating in contact with the bottom of a plastic cage.

opennotspecifiedMar 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Female-Biased Dispersal Activity of the River-Shore Stag Beetle,Nicagus japonicusNagel (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), in a Disrupted Habitat

Fig. 2. Daily maximum temperature at the Dorobu Weather Station in 2012 and 2013. Arrows indicate the days of the field surveys.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Automating Code Review Activities 2.0 (datasets, models and results)

Resources related by the research work "Automating Code Review Activities 2.0". <ul> <li>automating_code_review.zip contains the material to successfully run our Colab notebooks;</li> <li>dataset.zip contains all the preprocessed datasets used in our work;</li> <li>generate_prediction.zip contains the material to successfully generate predictions using a T5 model chekpoint;</li> <li>models.zip contains the (best) checkpoints of the fine-tuned T5 models;</li> <li>results.zip contains our results;</li> <li>tokenizer.zip contains the Sentencepiece model and vocabulary trained on our pre-training dataset.</li> </ul> More information in the replication package of our work: <a href="https://github.com/CodeReviewAutomation/code_review_automation">code_review_autmoation</a>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Impact of artificial activity decrease on black carbon aerosol concentration and CO2 at the Mt Waliguan WMO/GAW baseline station during the COVID-19 period

This one is about the data of the article, including BC data, CO2, meteorological data, and boundary layer data. As well as the trajectory and CWT obtained from the Hysplit run. Both BC and CO2 are raw results and can be used to check or repeat the experiment.

opennotspecifiedSep 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Autumn Activity of AdultAgriotes lineatus(Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Southwestern British Columbia

Fig. 1. Site from which Agriotes lineatus samples were acquired and its state of cultivation. A = Garden area of bare soil and crop residue from where beetles were observed and collected in 2013; B = Permanent grass area from where soil cores were extracted (four cores per dot) in 2014; C = Forage crop in 2013 and 2014; D = Forage crop in 2013, tilled and planted to blueberry in summer 2014, dots within polygon indicate position of pitfall traps in 2014 and 2015; E = Greenhouses.