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7,228 results for “Modules”
Life-history traits modulate the influence of environmental stressors on biodiversity: the case of fireflies, climate, and artificial light at night
Aim Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an unprecedented stressor recently introduced in the abiotic milieu of natural landscapes. As such, understanding how ALAN and other natural stressors act in concert to shape the spatial distribution of biodiversity is a core goal in conservation ecology. Here, we aim at understanding how ALAN and climate interact with life-history traits and courtship signalling systems to dictate the composition of firefly communities in a global biodiversity hotspot. Location An extensive elevational gradient in the Atlantic Rainforest (Brazil) currently known as the hottest hotspot of fireflies on Earth. Methods We used multivariate species distribution models to understand how species traits and courtship signalling systems interact with climate and ALAN to determine species abundances within firefly communities. We also investigated how species-specific responses to climate and ALAN scale up to determine compositional changes in firefly communities along the elevational gradient. Results We found that climate shapes communities by filtering species according to their body size and trophic position. ALAN dictates the dominant courtship signalling system within communities by affecting the abundance of species that use bioluminescence or a combination of bioluminescence and pheromones in courtship. We also found that associations between beta-diversity and ALAN were non-stationary, being higher in regions under low levels of light pollution. This suggests that even incipient increases in ALAN within protected areas can yield fast changes in the composition of firefly communities. Main Conclusions Firefly responses to climate and ALAN are modulated by traits associated with different facets of their life histories. Given the alarming changes in both stressors predicted for the foreseeable future, our findings indicate that firefly communities are vulnerable to compositional changes even within protected areas. --
A gene variation at the ZPR1 locus (rs964184) interacts with the type of diet to modulate postprandial triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: From the Cordioprev Study
<p>Background and Aims: rs964184 variant in the ZPR1 gene has been associated with blood lipids levels both in fasting and postprandial state and with the risk of myocardial<br>infarction in high-risk cardiovascular patients. However, whether this association is modulated by diet has not been studied.</p> <p>Objective: To investigate whether the type of diet (low-fat or Mediterranean diets) interacts with genetic variability at this loci to modulate fasting and postprandial lipids in<br>coronary patients.</p> <p>Materials and Methods: The genotype of the rs964184 polymorphism was determined in the Cordioprev Study population (NCT00924937). Fasting and Postprandial triglycerides were assessed before and after 3 years of dietary intervention with either a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet. Postprandial lipid assessment was done by a 4-h oral fat tolerance test (OFTT). Differences in triglycerides levels were identified using repeated-measures ANCOVA.</p> <p>Results: From 523 patients (85% males, mean age 59 years) that completed the OFTT at baseline and after 3 years of intervention and had complete genotype information, 125<br>of them were carriers of the risk allele G. At the start of the study, these patients showed a higher fasting and postprandial triglycerides (TG) plasma levels. After 3 years of dietary<br>intervention, G-carriers following a Mediterranean Diet maintained higher fasting and postprandial triglycerides, while those on the low-fat diet reduced their postprandial<br>triglycerides to similar values to the population without the G-allele.</p> <p>Conclusion: After 3 years of dietary intervention, the altered postprandial triglyceride response induced by genetic variability in the rs964184 polymorphism of the ZPR1 gene<br>can be modulated by a low-fat diet, better than by a Mediterranean diet, in patients with coronary artery disease.</p>
Example of input and output datasets of the cost module implemented in the SHERPA modelling tool
<p><em>Integrated Assessment Model provides a useful framework for evaluating different aspects of air quality policies, spanning from abatement measures to emissions, concentrations, health impacts and costs. These models are then useful to provide a holistic view of the impacts of policies, so that ex-ante one can evaluate how various policies will impact air concentrations, health benefits and implementation costs. Among these Integrated Assessment Models, SHERPA (Screening for High Emission Potentials on Air) has been recently used to evaluate the impact of policies, covering all aspects from measures to health, but without being able to provide the dimension related to abatement measures costs. These three files dataset provide an example of the ability of the new cost module in SHERPA to calculate the cost of emission reductions.</em></p>
Surface texture analysis in Toothfrax and MountainsMap® SSFA module: Different software packages, different results? [ConfoMap analysis]
<p>This record is a supplementary material to the pre-print with the DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7219877">10.5281/zenodo.7219877</a>.</p> <p>It contains the results of the 3D surface texture analysis on surfaces from three datasets: </p> <ul> <li>Sheep's teeth</li> <li>Guinea pig's teeth</li> <li>Lithic flakes</li> </ul> <p>Each surface has been processed in batch with a template. The result of the analysis on each surface is saved in MNT format (including all original and processed surfaces, as well as results) and exported to a PDF file.</p> <p>Ultimately, the results are collated into CSV files (see <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7219855">10.5281/zenodo.7219855</a>).</p> <p>The analysis has been performed with ConfoMap (a derivative of MountainsMap) v. 8.2.9767.</p> <p> </p>
Oviposition preference and performance of Plutella xylostella are modulated by natural enemies, larval odours and immune status
<p>Insect herbivores frequently must balance host plant quality and the risk of attack by their natural enemies when making oviposition decisions. Yet, which factor is more important remains unresolved in plant-insect ecology. Here, we report the oviposition preference and larval performance of the brassicaceous specialist <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, in the context of plant quality (cabbage <em>Brassica oleracea</em>, vs. mustard <em>B. juncea</em>) and associated natural enemies. <a name="_Hlk95552650"></a>Despite the greater larval weight and adult life-span on cabbage, ovipositing females strongly preferred mustard. Both the egg parasitoid <em>Trichogrammatoidea bactrae</em> and the larval ectoparasitoid <em>Bracon brevicornis</em> are more likely to attack <em>P. xylostella</em> that feed on cabbage; thus, mustard represents enemy-reduced space from these two parasitoids. However, larval diet had no impact on the parasitization rate of specialist <em>Cotesia vestalis</em>. Feeding on mustard improved larval immunity. The total hemocytes number, diversity and phenoloxidase activity was higher on mustard-fed larvae that increased their survival against the entomopathogen, <em>Bacillus thuringiensis. </em>Interestingly, host plants altered the larval body odour profile. Mustard fed larvae emitted allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and butyl isothiocyanate (BITC) while cabbage fed larvae emitted dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) that served as short-range cues for larval parasitoids. For <em>B. brevicornis</em>, host body odour guided oviposition choice was crucial as their fitness was affected by the host larval diet. Although, <em>C. vestalis</em> showed a clear preference towards volatiles emitted by mustard fed larvae, their fitness was unaltered. Taken together, our results illustrate that <em>P. xylostella</em> prefers to lay eggs on mustard plants providing enemy-reduced space from some, but not all, natural enemies.</p>
Polifonia Corpus - Pilots Module (MusicBO) Metadata
<p>We release the Metadata of the Pilots module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus. According to the availability from the source origin, the Metadata may include the URL from which a text of the Pilots corpus is accessible, along with the title, the author, the year of publication, and the publisher. Metadata allows for a complete reconstruction of the corpus as we cannot make the actual texts available because they are subject to heterogeneous licensing.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="http://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Polifonia Corpus - Encyclopedic Module Data - Italian Language
<p>We release the data of the Encyclopedic Module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus (Wikipedia pages), collected by selecting from <a href="http://lcl.uniroma1.it/babeldomains/">BabelNet domains</a> all the <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> musical pages.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="/github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Polifonia Corpus - Encyclopedic Module Data - German Language
<p>We release the data of the Encyclopedic Module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus (Wikipedia pages), collected by selecting from <a href="http://lcl.uniroma1.it/babeldomains/">BabelNet domains</a> all the <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> musical pages.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="/github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Polifonia Corpus - Encyclopedic Module Data - Dutch Language
<p>We release the data of the Encyclopedic Module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus (Wikipedia pages), collected by selecting from <a href="http://lcl.uniroma1.it/babeldomains/">BabelNet domains</a> all the <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> musical pages.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="/github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Polifonia Corpus - Encyclopedic Module Data - French Language
<p>We release the data of the Encyclopedic Module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus (Wikipedia pages), collected by selecting from <a href="http://lcl.uniroma1.it/babeldomains/">BabelNet domains</a> all the <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> musical pages.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="/github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Polifonia Corpus - Encyclopedic Module Data - English Language
<p>We release the data of the Encyclopedic Module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus (Wikipedia pages), collected by selecting from <a href="http://lcl.uniroma1.it/babeldomains/">BabelNet domains</a> all the <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> musical pages.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="/github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Polifonia Corpus - Encyclopedic Module Data - Spanish Language
<p>We release the data of the Encyclopedic Module of the Polifonia Textual Corpus (Wikipedia pages), collected by selecting from <a href="http://lcl.uniroma1.it/babeldomains/">BabelNet domains</a> all the <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> musical pages.</p> <p>Full description at <a href="/github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus">https://github.com/polifonia-project/Polifonia-Corpus</a></p>
Results for blind docking Tocriscreen 2.0 compounds against AlphaFold2 structural modules of human and parasite proteins
<p>Docking (GNINA 1.0) of 1280 Tocriscreen 2.0 compounds against >4000 AlphaFold structures from humans and the parasitic nematode <em>Brugia malayi</em>. </p> <p>Results are provided as Pickle objects or GZipped CSVs.</p> <p>Tuned machine learning models (random forest and XGBoost) are also included for classifying actives/decoys.</p>
Obesity and acute stress modulate appetite and neural responses in food word reactivity task
<p>Data used in "Carnell S, Benson L, Papantoni A, Chen L, Huo Y, Wang Z, Peterson BS, Geliebter A. Obesity and acute stress modulate appetite and neural responses in food word reactivity task. PloS one"</p>
Data of the study of Maternal temperature stress modulates acclimation and thermal biology in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) juvenile progeny
<p>These data shows the effects of temperature and exposure time on octopus juveniles obtained from thermal-stressed (30°C) and non-stressed (24°C) females when exposed to optimal (25°C) and high temperatures (30°C) for 20 and 30 days, respectively. Data of survival, and oxygen consumption (MR) were obtained, also in routine (RMR) and resting conditions (SMR). The high metabolic rate (HMR) was used to obtain the thermal metabolic scope (TMS) That was defined as: TMS = HMR - SMR<br> Data on the antioxidant defense enzymes and radical oxygen species (ROS) were used to evaluate if transgenerational effect of temperature provoked changes in the hability of juveniles to neutralize ROS. </p>
Does perception of female cues modulate male short-term fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster?
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive behaviour can be a strong driver of individual fitness. In species with high intra-sexual competition, changes in socio-sexual context can trigger quick adaptive plastic responses in males. In particular, a recent study in the vinegar fly (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>) shows that males derive net fitness benefits from being shortly exposed to female cues ahead of access to mating (termed <em>sexual perception</em>), but the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of female perception on male pre- and post-copulatory components of reproductive performance: a) mating success, b) mating latency and duration, c) sperm competitiveness, and d) ejaculate effects on female receptivity and oviposition rate. We found that brief sexual perception increased mating duration, but had no effect on the main pre- or post-copulatory fitness proxies recorded. This may suggest that male fitness benefits from responses to sexual perception do not play out in the short-term, but we discuss alternative explanations and future avenues of research. </span></p>
Raw data for 'Increasing the Modulation Depth of Gd(III)-based Pulsed Dipolar EPR Spectroscopy (PDS) with Porphyrin-GdIII Laser Induced Magnetic Dipole Spectroscopy'
<p>Raw data for 'Increasing the Modulation Depth of Gd(III)-based Pulsed Dipolar EPR Spectroscopy (PDS) with Porphyrin-GdIII Laser Induced Magnetic Dipole Spectroscopy'</p>
Endogenous rhythmic growth modulates priming of antiherbivore defenses in subsequently formed new leaves of oak trees
<ul> <li>Priming of plant defenses provides increased plant protection against herbivores and reduces the allocation costs of defense. Defense priming in woody plants remains obscure, in particular due to plant development traits such as the endogenous rhythmic growth displayed by oaks (<em>Quercus robur</em>).</li> <li>By using bioassays with oak microcuttings, and by combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we investigated how leaf herbivory by <em>Lymantria dispar</em> and root inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus <em>Piloderma croceum</em> prime oak defenses. We further investigated how defense priming is modulated by rhythmic growth of the oaks.</li> <li>A first herbivory challenge in oak leaves primed newly grown leaves for an enhanced induction of jamonic acid (JA)-related direct defenses, or enhanced emission of volatiles, depending on the specific growth stage at which the plants where challenged. Root inoculation with <em>Piloderma</em> abolished the enhanced induction of JA-related defenses and volatile emission.</li> <li>Our results indicate that a first herbivore attack primes direct and indirect defenses of newly formed oak leaves, and that the specific display of defense priming is modulated by rhythmic growth. Our results further show that the priming memory in oaks can be transmitted to the next growth cycle - even to the leaves of the new shoot unit.</li> </ul>
NH3 levels over Europe during COVID-19 were modulated by changes in atmospheric chemistry
<p><span>The coronavirus outbreak in 2020 had a devastating impact on human life, albeit a positive effect for the environment, reducing primary atmospheric constituents and improving air quality. Here we present, for the first time, inverse modelling estimates of ammonia emissions during the European lockdowns of 2020 based on satellite observations. Ammonia has a strong seasonal cycle; it mainly originates from agriculture, which was influenced insignificantly by the lockdowns, as practically agricultural activity never ceased. The key result is a -0.7% decrease in emissions in the first half of 2020 compared to the same period in 2016–2019 attributed to restrictions related to the global pandemic or an abrupt -9.8% decrease due to reductions in the traffic-related precursors of atmospheric acids, with which ammonia reacts to form secondary aerosols. When comparing emissions before, during and after lockdowns, the typical seasonal trends of ammonia prevail. However, when reductions in the precursors of atmospheric acids are considered, a delay of 11% was found in the evolution of the emissions. Thus, changes in atmospheric conditions such as those of the ammonia's reactant precursor species induce extra bias in top-down calculations and, hence, emissions should be interpreted carefully. Despite the small drop in emissions, satellite levels of ammonia increased. On one hand, this was due to the reduction of atmospheric acids that caused binding and thus removing less ammonia; on the other, the reduction of traffic-related emissions in Europe increased the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere resulting in nitrate abatement that favored accumulation of free ammonia.</span></p> <p>Update March 2023:</p> <p>- 4deg_avgEENV.tar.gz file was added containing the inversion results using the avgEENV dataset as a priori information. This prior creates a better fit of the posterior modelled concentrations to ground-based independent observations of NH3 over Europe in the first half of 2020.</p>
Can age-related changes in parental care modulate inbreeding depression? A test using the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis
<p>Parental care has been shown to reduce the magnitude of inbreeding depression in some species with facultative care. However, parents often vary in the quality or amount of care they provide to their offspring and it is less clear whether this variation also impacts the magnitude of inbreeding depression. Here, we tested whether age related changes in parental care modulate the expression of inbreeding depression in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis. Consistent with previous studies, we found that older parents produced larger broods of offspring than younger parents without sacrificing mean larval mass. Inbreeding depression was evident in several fitness-related traits: brood size at dispersal, the proportion of the brood that survived to eclosion, and mean age at death were all reduced in inbred broods compared to outbred broods. Surprisingly, inbred offspring were heavier at dispersal than outbred offspring. This was likely due to reduced sibling competition in inbred broods. Despite evidence for age related changes in parental investment and the existence of inbreeding depression, there was no evidence that an interaction between the two influenced any of the traits we measured. Our results suggest that age-related changes in parental care may be too slight to influence the expression of inbreeding depression.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.