Find research datasets worth reusing

Figs 1–3. Ischnochiton oniscus alfredensis, holotype B2763 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Polyplacophora

Figs 1–3. Ischnochiton oniscus alfredensis, holotype B2763/T2352: (1) dorsal view; (2) details of the head valve and valve II; (3) details of the valve VII and tail valve. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs 40, 41. Ischnochiton kilburni, holotype G8789 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Polyplacophora

Figs 40, 41. Ischnochiton kilburni, holotype G8789/T2393: (40) dorsal view; (41) ventral view.Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs 34, 35 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Polyplacophora

Figs 34, 35. Leptochiton (Parachiton) indecorus, holotype D7408/T14: (34) lateral view; (35) dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs 27, 28. Callochiton herberti, holotype D5394 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Polyplacophora

Figs 27, 28. Callochiton herberti, holotype D5394/T16: (27) anterior view; (28) posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs 32, 33. Ischnochiton hewitti, holotype B7413 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Polyplacophora

Figs 32, 33. Ischnochiton hewitti, holotype B7413/T2848: (32) valve IV?; (33) valve V?. Scale bar = 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

8-day, 500-m Gross Primary Production for Europe from 2001 to 2016(YEAR_doy: 2004337 to 2010073)

FGM GPP from YEAR_DOY of 2004337 to 20010073

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Figure 9. Telegonus primary types. a in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas

Figure 9. Telegonus primary types. a) Telegonus fulgerator original illustrations of the holotype (now lost), rotated from the original, labels (2.a. and 2.b.) repositioned on the images. b) Telegonus fulgerator neotype ♀ NVG-18057D11 from Suriname in ZSMC. c) Telegonus fulminator neotype ♀ NVG-18057D08 from Suriname in ZSMC, designated herein. d) Telegonus azul lectotype ♀ NVG-15099B05 from Mexico: Veracruz in CMNH, designated herein. Dorsal (above each panel label) and ventral (below each panel label) views are shown.

dryad40/100

Sound improves neuronal encoding of visual stimuli in mouse primary visual cortex

In everyday life, we integrate visual and auditory information in routine tasks such as navigation and communication. While concurrent sound can improve visual perception, the neuronal correlates of audiovisual integration are not fully understood. Specifically, it remains unclear whether neuronal firing patters in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake animals demonstrate similar sound-induced improvement in visual discriminability. Furthermore, presentation of sound is associated with movement in the subjects, but little is understood about whether and how sound-associated movement affects audiovisual integration in V1. Here, we investigated how sound and movement interact to modulate V1 visual responses in awake, head-fixed mice and whether this interaction improves neuronal encoding of the visual stimulus. We presented visual drifting gratings with and without simultaneous auditory white noise to awake mice while recording mouse movement and V1 neuronal activity. Sound modulated activity of 80% of light-responsive neurons, with 95% of neurons increasing activity when the auditory stimulus was present. A generalized linear model revealed that sound and movement had distinct and complementary effects of the neuronal visual responses. Furthermore, decoding of the visual stimulus from the neuronal activity was improved with sound, an effect that persisted even when controlling for movement. These results demonstrate that sound and movement modulate visual responses in complementary ways, improving neuronal representation of the visual stimulus. This study clarifies the role of movement as a potential confound in neuronal audiovisual responses and expands our knowledge of how multimodal processing is mediated at a neuronal level in the awake brain.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

Accompanying empirical data for Kirchherr et al., 2023, "Bayesian multilevel hidden Markov models identify stable state dynamics in longitudinal recordings from macaque primary motor cortex"

This repository contains data accompanying: Kirchherr et al., 2023, "Bayesian multilevel hidden Markov models identify stable state dynamics in longitudinal recordings from macaque primary motor cortex". Data collection methods: Two adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) trained on a reaching, and grasping, and placing task served as the subjects. The animal handling as well as surgical and experimental procedures complied with European guideline (2010/63/UE) and authorized by the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research (project # 2016112713202878) in force on the care and use of laboratory animals, and were approved by the ethics committee CELYNE (comité d’éthique Lyonnais pour les neurosciences expérimentale, C2EA 42). After initial training, we performed a sterile surgery to implant six floating multielectrode arrays (FMA, Microprobes for Life Science, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) in the right (monkey 1) or left (monkey 2) cortical hemisphere. Each array was comprised of 32 platinum/iridium electrodes (impedance 0.5 MΩ at 1 kHz) with lengths ranging from 1 to 6 mm, and with an inter-electrode spacing of 400 μm. One electrode array was implanted in the primary motor cortex (M1), two were implanted in the ventral premotor cortex (F5), one in the dorsal premotor cortex (F2), and two in the prefrontal cortex (45a and 46/12r), as estimated according to a previous magnetic resonance imaging scan. For the purposes of this study, we analyzed data from the M1 array of each monkey. The wideband neural signal (bandpass filtered at 0.1 to 7500 kHz) was recorded at 30 kS/s, and amplified and digitized (16-bit; 0.192 μV resolution) with an Intan Tech-based (Intan Technologies, Los Angeles, CA, USA) open source acquisition system (Open Ephys; Siegle et al. 2017). This system uses a 256-channel Intan RHD2000 series acquisition board and 32-channel headstages (RHD2132). Spike detection was performed offline using Trisdesclous (Garcia & Pouzat,2015). The common reference was removed to reduce ambient noise. Spikes were then detected from each electrode using a threshold of 2 times the median absolute deviation (MAD), and analyzed as multi-unit activity (MUA) in 10 ms bins. All electrodes in which at least one well-isolated spike waveform was detected were selected for the following analyses. We thus used a sample of 21 electrodes out of 32 for monkey 1, and 25 out of 32 electrodes for monkey 2. Custom made detection panels were used to record the moments when the monkey’s hand released the handle, the hand contacted the target object, and when the object was placed in the groove. An Omniplex 16-channel recording system (Plexon, Dallas, TX, USA) was used to simultaneously record these behavioral events. Trials were discarded if the response time (time between the go signal and handle release) was less than 100 or greater than 1500 ms, the reach duration (time between handle release and object contact) was less than 100 or greater than 1000 ms, or the placing duration (time between object contact and placing the object in the groove) was less than 100 or greater than 1200 ms, leaving 19 - 68 trials per day for monkey 1 (M = 43.9, SD = 15.46, N = 439; left: M = 14.8, SD = 5.74; center: M = 14.4, SD = 5.15; right: M = 14.7, SD = 7.73), and 23 - 49 per day for monkey 2 (M = 38.3, SD = 9.87, N = 383; left: M = 14.2, SD = 3.91; center: M = 10.8, SD = 3.55; right: M = 13.3, SD = 3.37). Abstract: Neural populations, rather than single neurons, may be the fundamental unit of cortical computation. Analyzing chronically recorded neural population activity is challenging not only because of the high dimensionality of activity in many neurons, but also because of changes in the recorded signal that may or may not be due to neural plasticity. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a promising technique for analyzing such data in terms of discrete, latent states, but previous approaches have either not considered the statistical properties of neural spiking data, have not been adaptable to longitudinal data, or have not modeled condition specific differences. We present a multilevel Bayesian HMM which addresses these shortcomings by incorporating multivariate Poisson log-normal emission probability distributions, multilevel parameter estimation, and trial-specific condition covariates. We applied this framework to multi-unit neural spiking data recorded using chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays from macaque primary motor cortex during a cued reaching, grasping, and placing task. We show that the model identifies latent neural population states which are tightly linked to behavioral events, despite the model being trained without any information about event timing. We show that these events represent specific spatiotemporal patterns of neural population activity and that their relationship to behavior is consistent over days of recording. The utility and stability of this approach is demonstrated using a previously learned task, but this multilevel Bayesian HMM framework would be especially suited for future studies of long-term plasticity in neural populations.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Fungicides Cuprozin Progress and SWITCH Modulate Primary and Specialized Metabolites of Strawberry Fruits

Numerous pesticides, including fungicides, are applied every year to crop plants. However, such application may affect the plant metabolism and thereby impact crop quality. Strawberry is an economically important crop, but the fruits are highly susceptible, especially to fungal diseases. In the present study, the effects of two fungicides on primary and specialized metabolites determining the fruit aroma were tested in two strawberry cultivars and the wild strawberry. Fruit extracts were analyzed using HPLC (amino acids), GC-MS (organic acids, sugars, flavor metabolites) and photometric quantification (total phenolics). Various metabolites were either significantly higher or lower in fruits of plants exposed to fungicides compared to those of control plants, with differences between strawberry cultivars and species, as well as used fungicides. Given the various changes in metabolites in response to the treatments, the taste and quality of the strawberries may pronouncedly change when plants are treated with fungicides.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

An explorative study into the attitudes, skills, and knowledge of primary and post-Primary teachers in relation to the provision for students with English as an Additional Language (EAL).

The data contained here was gathered for a quantitative and qualitative-based study to investigate the attitudes, skills, and knowledge of primary and post-Primary teachers in Ireland in relation to the provision for students with English as an Additional Language (EAL). The data collection period will begin 20th January and the 20th February 2021 and was approved by UCC Social Research Ethics Committee (2021-232). A data codebook is also provided to support the interpretation of the data.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Dataset and Code for "How Trump Triumphed: Multi-Candidate Primaries with Buffoons"

This is code and data for the paper “How Trump Triumphed: Multi-Candidate Primaries with Buffoons.” by Micael Castanheira, Steffen Huck, Johannes Leutgeb, and Andrew Schotter, forthcoming in the European Economic Review.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2011View details →

Figs 3, 4 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda

Figs 3, 4. Sepia acuminata, SDUDOHFWRW\SHV 106$: () 2ΟΙ/7474, 4Ϭ.7î2Ι.2 PP>= Sepia hieronis (Robson, 1924)]; (4) 3200/T474, 48.6×21.7 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2011View details →

Figs 5–8 in Primary types in the collection of molluscs in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum: Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda

Figs 5–8. (5) Sepia confusa, syntype NMSA 3212/T475, 42.2×9.1 mm; (6) S. insignis, syntype NMSA 3210/T476, 18.4×5.8 mm; (7) S. incerta, syntype NMSA 3477/T477, 77.9×13.8 mm; (8) S. incerta, syntype NMSA 3207/T477, 35.1×9.8 mm.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Data of "Pen mates' interactions, potential precursors of damaging behaviours, object manipulation, straw rooting, and primary activity: A detailed data set in undocked pigs under dietary protein restriction"

Damaging behaviours, such as tail biting, are common problems in pig production, compromising animal welfare and causing economic losses. Detailed studies are impeded by the difficulty of directly observing these behaviours. Tail biting is a broader phenomenon that begins long before lesions manifest, and behavioural problems caused by various stressors present themselves weeks before they escalate to damaging behaviour, resulting in serious injuries. Therefore, detailed data on behaviours, which can be considered precursors of tail biting, such as oral and nasal manipulation of conspecifics, should be collected. The present data were collected in the course of a large study on the genetic potential of protein efficiency, in which the crude protein content in the diet was reduced to 80% of the recommendations. Dietary protein reduction is a promising way to reduce nitrogen emissions in pig manure, but its implications for animal welfare are not yet clear. Pigs differ phenotypically and genetically in their ability to utilise dietary proteins; therefore, there might be individual differences in how they cope with the protein reduction. Here, we present detailed data of focal observations of 95 pigs at an experimental farm with undocked tails that were fed a protein-reduced diet. Pigs were observed directly in their home pens for 5 min each on four different days. All actions directed towards objects in the pen, interactions with and confrontations among pen mates, and straw rooting behaviour and general activity were recorded. After the behavioural observations, wounds on different parts of the body and the cleanliness of the pigs were noted. The protein efficiency of 94 pigs was obtained. The data set comprises six tables. The first table contains information on the animals, including the identities of their parents, farrowing group, sex, and protein efficiency. The other data tables contain four 5-min observations of each pig on 10 object-manipulation behaviours; 150 interaction behaviours, including reactions; 14 confrontation behaviours and their outcomes and reactions; 10 mounting behaviours, including reactions; two rooting behaviours; seven basic behaviours; and an index of general activity. The observations took place under comparatively good housing conditions. Pigs were not tail-docked and were given fresh straw daily, ad libitum access to feed, floor space above the legal requirements (only a partially slatted floor), and daily cleaning of pens, and they were closely monitored for signs of damaging behaviour; all of these are favourable conditions as they limit stress and the risk of damaging behaviour. These data can be used to further explore the relationships of specific behaviours and phenomena and their association with protein efficiency. The ethogram can be used as a template for further observations. Practitioners could use the data to support pigs’ need for occupation, such as by providing sufficient straw.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

The use of lexicographic resources in Croatian primary and secondary education - Survey Data

The dataset contains the data collected in the survey on the use of dictionaries and other lexicographic resources in Croatian primary and secondary education, which was conducted from 1 February to 17 February 2023.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Dataset for the evaluation of student-level outcomes of a primary school Computer Science curricular reform

Dataset for the evaluation of student-level outcomes of a primary school Computer Science curricular reform ======================================================= • If you publish material based on this dataset, please cite the following :             • The Zenodo repository : Laila El-Hamamsy, Barbara Bruno, Jessica Dehler Zufferey, and Francesco Mondada (2023). Dataset for the evaluation of student-level outcomes of a primary school Computer Science curricular reform [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7489244             • The associated peer reviewed article that will appear in the International Journal of STEM education : El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Audrin, C., Chevalier, M., Avry S., Dehler Zufferey, J., and Mondada, F. (2023). How are Primary School Computer Science Curricular Reforms Contributing to Equity? Impact on Student Learning, Perception of the Discipline, and Gender Gaps. arXiv, to appear in the International Journal of STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00820 • License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY-4.0) • Creator: El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Dehler Zufferey, J., and Mondada, F. • Date: May 2nd 2023 • Subject: Computer Science; Curricular Reform; Elementary Education; Learning Achievement; Computational Thinking; Perception Survey; Equity; Gender Gaps • Dataset format: CSV • Dataset collection: January 2021 to May 2022 • Dataset size : < 100 kB • Dataset content : three excel files. We provide the detailed description of each of the files below. The original questions are available in the associated publication [1]. Please note that these datasets contain missing values due to students either not being present for all data collections or not having the associated teacher-related data. • Abbreviations :   - CS : Computer Science   - CT : Computational Thinking   - PD : Professional Development • Funding : This work was funded by the the NCCR Robotics, a National Centre of Competence in Research, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number 51NF40_185543)   # References [1] El-Hamamsy, L., Bruno, B., Audrin, C., Chevalier, M., Avry S., Dehler Zufferey, J., and Mondada, F. (2023). How are Primary School Computer Science Curricular Reforms Contributing to Equity? Impact on Student Learning, Perception of the Discipline, and Gender Gaps. arXiv, to appear in the International Journal of STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.00820

Fig. 5. Data labels. A. Xylocopamoerens Perty, 1833 in The primary types of some species of Centris bees described by European entomologists in the 18 and 20 centuries (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Fig. 5. Data labels. A. Xylocopamoerens Perty, 1833 (lectotype ♀). B. Xylocopaxanthocnemis Perty, 1833 (lectotype ♂).

Fig. 1. Data labels. A. Centris debilis Dominique, 1898 in The primary types of some species of Centris bees described by European entomologists in the 18 and 20 centuries (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Fig. 1. Data labels. A. Centris debilis Dominique, 1898 (lectotype ♂). B. Centris dominiquella Dominique, 1898 (lectotype ♀).

Fig 2. Data labels. A. Centris zonalis Dominique, 1898 in The primary types of some species of Centris bees described by European entomologists in the 18 and 20 centuries (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Fig 2. Data labels. A. Centris zonalis Dominique, 1898 (lectotype ♀). B. Centris lyngbyei Jensen- Haarup, 1908 (lectotype ♂).