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Figure 4 in Comparative analysis of soil nematode biodiversity from five different fruit orchards in Osmaneli district, Bilecik, Türkiye

Figure 4: Food web analysis (Enrichment/Structure indices) from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

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Figure 6 in Comparative analysis of soil nematode biodiversity from five different fruit orchards in Osmaneli district, Bilecik, Türkiye

Figure 6: Distribution (%) of feeding types within the plant-parasitic nematodes from Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Cross section shape: circular elliptical unknown Siphuncle position: central marginal unknown Fig. 4 Morphometrics of orthoconic cephalopods from the Besano Formation. Measurements are compared with discrete characters of the shell. Orange circles represent definite and orange crosses likely orthoceratoids, while blue triangles represent definite and blue crosses likely coleoids. Black crosses are indeterminable. A Apical angle, calculated from length and diameters of the specimens. B Maximum diameter in Orthoceratoid and coleoid cephalopods from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland with an updated taxonomic framework for Triassic Orthoceratoidea

Cross section shape: circular elliptical unknown Siphuncle position: central marginal unknown Fig. 4 Morphometrics of orthoconic cephalopods from the Besano Formation. Measurements are compared with discrete characters of the shell. Orange circles represent definite and orange crosses likely orthoceratoids, while blue triangles represent definite and blue crosses likely coleoids. Black crosses are indeterminable. A Apical angle, calculated from length and diameters of the specimens. B Maximum diameter

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

SI Figure 4: SEM images of either unwashed (left) or washed (right) E. antarcticus nematodes. A. Unwashed head region with arrows pointing to attached material and possible fungal hyphae. B. Washed head region with arrows pointing to the remaining attached material. C. Unwashed annules with arrows pointing to commonly attached foreign material. D. Washed annules with arrows pointing to remaining attached material. E. Unwashed somatic pore with arrows pointing to the common organic material. F. Washed vulva with an arrow pointing to remaining attached organic material. G. Unwashed cuticle with arrows showing a possible biofilm. H. Washed cuticle showing single attached cells indicated with arrows. I. Unwashed cuticle showing an off-axis line of attached material. J. Washed cuticle showing a similar off-axis line of material (as indicated with arrow) but reduced in quantity compared to the unwashed. in External and internal microbiomes of Antarctic nematodes are distinct, but more similar to each other than the surrounding environment

SI Figure 4: SEM images of either unwashed (left) or washed (right) E. antarcticus nematodes. A. Unwashed head region with arrows pointing to attached material and possible fungal hyphae. B. Washed head region with arrows pointing to the remaining attached material. C. Unwashed annules with arrows pointing to commonly attached foreign material. D. Washed annules with arrows pointing to remaining attached material. E. Unwashed somatic pore with arrows pointing to the common organic material. F. Washed vulva with an arrow pointing to remaining attached organic material. G. Unwashed cuticle with arrows showing a possible biofilm. H. Washed cuticle showing single attached cells indicated with arrows. I. Unwashed cuticle showing an off-axis line of attached material. J. Washed cuticle showing a similar off-axis line of material (as indicated with arrow) but reduced in quantity compared to the unwashed.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Comparing long-term power sector pathways in Viet Nam: a simple cost-optimization approach with OSeMOSYS

Six clicSAND files for OSeMOSYS Modelling in Viet Nam. The six files depict six different scenarios: 1. Power Development Plan 7-based scenario 2. Power Development Plan 8-based scenario 3. Renewable Energy Development Strategy-based scenario 4. Renewables-Led Pathway-based scenario 5. Net Zero 6. Clean Efficient Transition The Reference Energy System (RES) is also included to represent the relationship between estimated energy demands, energy conversion technologies, fuel mixes, and the resources required to satisfy the demands in the study.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 6. Comparative 3D in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 6. Comparative 3D renderings of upper dentition of the morganucodontans Morganucodon watsoni Kühne, 1949 (A, UMZC Eo.CR.1, reversed; Lower Jurassic fissure fills, Wales, UK), Storchodon cingulatus Martin, Averianov, Jäger, Schwermann, and Wings, 2019 (B, NLMH 105654; Upper Jurassic Süntel Formation, Germany), Megazostrodon rudnerae Crompton and Jenkins, 1968 (C, NHMUK PV M 26407; Lower Jurassic Stormberg Group, Lesotho), and Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (D, OMNH 80538, holotype; Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA), in lingual (A1–D1) and occlusal (A2–D2) views. White lines indicate the premolar–molar boundary (all taxa except Storchodon, which is known by only a single molar). This boundary is marked by a tall-crowned ultimate premolar with much lower flanking cusps followed by a first molar that is comparatively lower crowned with less height difference between the main cusps. Note imbrication of the molars in C. ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (D2) and distal molars in Mo. watsoni (A2), a feature absent in Me. rudnerae (C2).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Fig. 12. The comparative ultrastructural data. A in Triassic coleoid beaks and other structures from the Calcareous Alps revisited

Fig. 12. The comparative ultrastructural data. A. The hypothesized "beaks of Phragmoteuthis bisinuata" (GBW 2006/011/0009, lower Carnian, Upper Triassic; Cave del Predil, NE Italy). B. Chitin of the lower beak of Lunzoteuthis schindelbergensis Doguzhaeva, Summesberger, and Mutvei, 2006 (NHMW 2005z0005/0001, lower Carnian, Upper Triassic; Schindelberg, Lower Austria). C. A cartilage of the cranial capsule of Loligo vulgaris (Lamarck, 1798) ( Recent; North Sea); C1, C2, a matrix containing the collagen fibers showing a banding pattern. SEM images, except C1 which is taken with photomicroscope. Dockery III, and Ciampaglio, 2010, from the Mississippi, USA (Weaver et al. 2011). The fin-supporting cartilages of the middle Olenekian (early Triassic) squid of Idahoteuthis parisiana (Decabrachia: Myopsida) from Idaho, USA, are ones of the as yet known oldest fossilized cartilaginous structures (Doguzhaeva et al. 2018). We also revealed that the site of the "beaks of P. bisinuata" (at the tip of a proostracum) may be occupied with another structures of similar size. These are the gladius and arm crown imprint (Figs. 2B, 14). They apparently represent the remains of another prey of P. bisinuata, also held by its handle hooks. This find points out an as yet unknown teuthid resembling the early Permian Glochinomorpha stifeli Gordon, 1971 (see Doguzhaeva and Mapes 2015: figs. 1A–H, 2, 3). Thus, in the light of new ultrastructural and geochemical data on the "beaks of P. bisinuata", morphological data on the upper beak of the reported Anisian (Middle Triassic) coleoid beak from Italy, and previously observed lower beak of co-occurring Lunzoteuthis schindelbergensis, P. bisinuata had hardly differed by its beaks from other coleoids. The discussed black structures associated with the proostraca of the early Carnian P. bisinuata, previously con- Fig. 13. Coleoid cephalopod Lunzoteuthis schindelbergensis Doguzhaeva, sidered to be the "beaks of P. bisinuata" (Figs. 2A, 2C, 3A), Summesberger, and Mutvei, 2006 (holotype, NHMW 2005z0005/0001); 1 lower Carnian, Upper Triassic; Schindelberg, Lower Austria. SEM image are known by seven specimens from the Cave del Predil lo- of a fractured lower beak in a contact with the phragmocone. Abbreviations: cality, although the number of specimens with other non-bio- il, inner lamella of the lower beak; ol, outer lamella of the lower beak; ph, mineralized structures, like ink sacs and arm hooks, is about phragmocone; r, rostrum of the lower (ventral) beak; w, wing of the beak. the same in both localities. The fish beds of Cave del Predil

Fig. 8 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 8. Size comparison of squamosal versus face in Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995, subadult MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (A) and MOR 456 8-9-6-1, holotype (B, mirrored); squamosal superimposed in B. C. Outline of MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (red) superimposed over outline of MOR 456 8-9-6-1 (grey). D. Outline of MOR 591 (blue) superimposed over outline of MOR 456 8-9-6-1 (grey). Outlines aligned by otic notch.

Fig. 5 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 5. Lateral views of jugals of Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995, MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (A) and eucentrosauran (Einiosaurus procurvicornis or Achelousaurus horneri Sampson, 1995), MOR 591 (B, mirrored), from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA. Arrow indicates epijugal.

Fig. 6 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 6. Ontogenetic series of supraorbital ornamentation of Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995 from the Campanian Canyon Bonebed, Two Medicine Formation (TM-046), Montana, USA. A, B. Juvenile, MOR 456 8-10-87-20 (A) and MOR 456 8-8-87-19 (B). C, D. Early subadult, MOR 456 8-9-7-3 (C) and MOR 456 2020-C-1 (D). E, F. Late subadult, MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (E) and MOR 456 8-23-87 (F). G, H. Young adult, MOR 456 2020-C-2 (G) and MOR 456 8-9-6-1 (H). B and D are mirrored. All specimens in anterior view, lateral is to the right in A–D, G, H; E, entire skull width; F, lateral is to the left.

Fig. 4 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 4. Anterior views of supraorbital ornamentation of Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995, MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (A) and eucentrosauran Einiosaurus procurvicornis or Achelousaurus horneri Sampson, 1995), MOR 591 (B), from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA.

Fig. 7 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 7. Ontogenetic series of supraorbital ornamentation of Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995 from the Campanian Canyon Bonebed (TM-046), Montana, USA. A, B. Juvenile, MOR 456 8-10-87-20 (A) and MOR 456 8-8-87-19 (B). C, D. Early subadult, MOR 456 8-9-7-3 (C) and MOR 456 2020- C-1 (D). E, F. Late subadult, MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (E) and MOR 456 8-23-87 (F). G, H. Young adult, MOR 456 2020-C-2 (G) and MOR 456 8-9-6-1 (H). B, D–G are mirrored. All specimens in lateral view, anterior is to the left in all images.

Fig. 3 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 3. Right lateral views of supraorbital ornamentation of Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995, MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (A) and eucentrosauran (Einiosaurus procurvicornis or Achelousaurus horneri Sampson, 1995), MOR 591 (B) from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA.

Fig. 2 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 2. Right lateral views of nasal horncores of Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995, MOR 456 8-8-87-1 (A) and eucentrosauran (Einiosaurus procurvicornis or Achelousaurus horneri Sampson, 1995), MOR 591 (B, mirrored), from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA.

Fig. 1 in Comparative cranial osteology of subadult eucentrosauran ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Two Medicine Formation, Montana, indicates sequence of ornamentation development and complex supraorbital ontogenetic change

Fig. 1. Lateral views of articulated crania of subadult eucentrosaurans from the Campanian Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA. A. Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson, 1995, MOR 456 8-8-87-1. B. Eucentrosauran (Einiosaurus procurvicornis or Achelousaurus horneri Sampson, 1995), MOR 591. Photographs (A1 and B1), osteological line drawings (A2, B2). Face of MOR 591 mirrored, with parietosquamosal frill superimposed. The contact outlines between the postorbital, jugal, and squamosal in A2 are estimated due to lack of externally visible sutures and may appear different from MOR 591 due to some breaks and gaps. P4–P7, parietal processes.

Fig. 2 in Comparative bone microstructure of three archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina

Fig. 2. Femur of archosauromorph Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 (PULR-V 124, in lambda light) from La Rioja province, NW Argentina; Chañares Formation, Carnian (Late Triassic). Section showing the inner circumferential layer and the cortex (A1), detail of the compact coarse cancellous bone (A2), oblique section of the same femur (A3). Abbreviations: CCCB, Compact Coarse Cancellous Bone; ICL, Inner Circumferential Layer. Scale bars 300 μm.

Fig. 3 in Comparative bone microstructure of three archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina

Fig. 3. Femur of archosauromorph Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 (PVL-4625, in polarized light) from La Rioja province, NW Argentina; Chañares Formation, Carnian (Late Triassic). Section showing the inner circumferential layer and the cortex (A1), detail of the compact coarse cancellous bone (A2). Abbreviations: CCCB, Compact Coarse Cancellous Bone; ICL, Inner Circumferential Layer. Scale bars 300 μm.

Fig. 4 in Comparative bone microstructure of three archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina

Fig. 4. Tibia of archosauromorph Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 PVL-4625, in lambda light) from La Rioja province, NW Argentina; Chañares Formation, Carnian (Late Triassic). Section showing the main features of the tibia bone microstructure. Abbreviations: ICL, Inner Circumferential Layer; LAG, line of arrestred growth.

Fig. 1 in Comparative bone microstructure of three archosauromorphs from the Carnian, Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina

Fig. 1. Long bones of archosauromorphs from La Rioja province, NW Argentina; Chañares Formation, Carnian (Late Triassic). A, B. Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971 (PVL-4625) femur in posteromedial view (A) and tibia in lateral view (B). C. Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971 (PULR-V 125), femur in posteromedial view. D. Tropidosuchus romeri Arcucci, 1990 (PVL-4604), femur in posteromedial view. Arrows indicate place of the midshaft extraction of bone tissue samples. Scale bars 10 mm.