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486 results for “Hierarchical”
A hierarchical Rorc(γt) cis-regulatory cascade orchestrates differentiation of RORγt⁺ innate immune cells [ChIL-seq]
GEO Series GSE311596. Mus musculus. 4 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Hierarchical maintenance of MLL myeloid leukemia stem cells
GEO Series GSE13796. Mus musculus. 55 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Mechanism of exosomes involved in osteoimmunity promoting osseointegration around titanium implants with micro-/nano-texture hierarchical topography
GEO Series GSE175428. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
A hierarchical transcription factor cascade regulates enteroendocrine cell diversity and plasticity in Drosophila [DamID-Seq]
GEO Series GSE211629. Drosophila melanogaster. 8 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Auricular Malformations Driven by Copy Number Variations in a Hierarchical Enhancer Cluster and Dominant Enhancer Recapitulates Human Pathogenesis [CUT&RUN]
GEO Series GSE263084. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Hierarchical regulation in a KRAS pathway-dependent transcriptional network revealed by a reverse-engineering approach (RAS-ROSE and ROSE with siRNA)
GEO Series GSE38585. Rattus norvegicus. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Figure 13. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 13. A, the posteriormost subdivision of m. longus colli ventralis of Leptoptilos crumeniferus, depitcted in ventrolateral view. The outlined bellies originate deep in the thoracic region, and insert on light-coloured tendons to the posterior cervical ribs. The inset shows the morphology without highlighting. B, C, anteroventral views of the anterior vertebrae of Asio flammeus, depicting origins (B) and insertions (C), in dark shading, of m. longus colli ventralis. In B arrows represent schematic action of multiple slips of m. l.c.v. converging on an anterior insertion. D, ventral view of insertions (light shading) of m. iliocostalis cervicis onto the cervical ribs of Caiman crocodylus, with arrows representing schematic ventroflexive action. E, cervical vertebrae and ribs of Caiman crocodylus in oblique ventral view, depicting origins (dark shading) of m. rectus capitis ventralis and m. longus capitis, and m. iliocostalis cervicis (lighter shading), from the ventral centra and ventral spinous processes.
Figure 10. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 10. A, several muscles of Pelicanus occidentalis, disseted in lateral view. Abbreviations are as in the main text. Several slips of m. rectus capitis dorsalis (m. r.c.d.) converge ventrally, towards tendinous insertions on the basioccipital tuberosities. M. complexus has an unusual lateral, tendinous insertion. B, posterolateral view of m. longissimus capitis superficialis (outlined in dark grey) of Alligator mississippiensis. The posterior origin and the insertion are tendinous. M. iliocostallis capitis (m. il. cap.) is depicted, and m. constrictor colli has not been dissected away. The neck is slightly dorsiflexed in this view
Figure 4 in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 4. Comparison of major sites of muscle attachment on the necks of tyrannosaurids versus crocodilians and birds. A, cervical series of Caiman crocodylus (above; C1–C9) and Tyrannosaurus rex (below; C1–C10), depicting similarities of posterior transverse process morpohology. B, cervical series of Asio flamaeus (above) and Tyrannosaurus rex (below), depicting morphological similarities of epipophysis and the C2 neural spine. In all three groups the anterior transverse processes are smaller than their posterior counterparts (to show this clearly the C2 cerivical rib of T. rex is not pictured). Cervical rib morphology differs markedly among these archosaurs. The specimens are scaled to similar lengths from C1 to C9. The Tyrannosaurus rex is a composite reconstruction of C1 from Osborn (1905), BHI 3033 (C2) and AMNH 5027 (the remaining bones).
Figure 2. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 2. A, inference of muscle function for turning the head in extant animals. Axes represent levels of corroboration of muscle topological and kinematic morphology, physiology and observed behaviour. The volume subtended by these levels of certainty is the behavioural inference space for the muscle. The muscles m. transversospinalis capitis lateralis and m. complexus, homologous and present in crocodilians and birds, respectively, are depicted as examples with different levels of corroboration along the axes and more or less certain inference of function. Physiological activity is shown as confirmed by electromyography in birds, but only hypothesized in crocodilians. B, inferring the function of m. complexus for turning the head in tyrannosaurids. Axes represent levels of inference (Witmer, 1995) for morphology and physiology, and level of inference for kinematic action of the muscle based on its reconstructed morphology (see text for explanation). Because physiological muscle function during movements is corroborated in only one pole of the extant bracket, and the physiology does not leave osteological correlates, a Level II′ inference is the best possible for the extinct taxon .
Figure 1 in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 1. Divisions of amniote neck and craniocervical musculature, superimposed on the cervical vertebrae of Caiman crocodylus. Different shades represent transversospinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis and longus/medial iliocostalis divisions
Figure 9. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 9. A, insertions of (dark grey) m. longus colli dorsalis pars cranialis onto anterior cervical epipophyses of Haliaeetus leucocephalus. B, schematic origin (light grey) of m. longus colli dorsalis pars cranialis, from cervicodorsal region of Struthio camelus. C, schematic origins (dark grey) of m. longus colli dorsalis pars cranialis from epipophyses (processes dorsales) of posterior cervicals in Struthio camelus. Slips from these origins coalasce with the main belly of the muscle, as demarcated by the light-shaded lines. The main belly of the muscle continues dorsally. D, schematic origin and insertions of m. longus colli dorsalis pars caudalis. This muscle subsystem originates from the cervicodorsal region and sends multiple bellies to insert on posterior cervical epipophyses. E, origins of m. longissimus cervicis/m interarticulares of Caiman crocodylus. The gradient-filled slips represent association of origins with the fascia surrounding the muscles. F, anteriormost insertions (dark grey) of m. longissimus cervicis/m. interarticulares, and m. transversospinalis cervicis, of Caiman crocodylus
Figure 14 in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 14. Mm. intercristales and mm. cervicales accendentes of birds. A, mm. intercristales shaded dark on the posterior cervicals of Leptoptilos crumeniferus. Inset to left depicts mm. intercristales in context on more of the neck. Recoil of the elastic ligament dorsiflexed the neck in this dissection specimen. B, mm. ascendentes cervicales on the posterior neck of Aquila chrysaetos (light outline). Most of m. transversospinalis capitis has been removed. C, origins and insertions of mm. intercristales (dark shapes), and cervicales ascendentes (lighter shapes), on the posterior cervicals of Struthio camelus. Arrows represent lines of action pulling the insertion towards the origin. In mm. intercristales, origins are from the anterior part of the attachment overlain in blue, and insertions from the posterior part of this area on the next anterior vertebra. For mm. cervicales ascendentes, several slips from posterior vertebrae converge upon a common insertion.
Figure 8. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 8. A, lateral view of m. longus colli dorsalis pars cranialis (m. l.c.d. cranialis), m. longus colli dorsalis pars caudalis (m. l.c.d. caudalis) and mm. intertransversarii (mm. intertrans.) of Cygnus columbianus. Note posterior slips contributing to m. l.c.d. cranialis, ventrally inserting heads of m. l.c.d. caudalis and multiple tendinous divisions of all mm. intertrans. B, left m. transversospinalis cervicis (m. trans. cerv., outlined in grey) of Caiman crocodylus, inserts by a white tendon onto C1. M. spinocapitis posticus (m. sp. cap. post.) and m. longissimus capitis superficialis (m. long. cap. sup., with part of surrounding fascia left on) are also outlined in grey. Superficial muscles have been removed.
Figure 5 in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 5. Attachments of muscles inserting on the occiput of birds. A, posterior cervical vertebrae of Strutio camelus, showing osteological origin of posterior belly of m. biventer cervicis. B, anterior cervical vertebrae of Haliaeetus leucocephalus, with origins of m. complexus, m. splenius capitis and m. rectus capitis dorsalis (outlined). M. complexus originates from the epipophyses dorsally (as in Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and sometimes the lateral tubercles ventrally. For adjoining origins of m. complexus and m. rectus capitis dorsalis from the lateral tubercles, the latter is the anterior of each pair. C, occiput of Struthio camelus, depicting all insertions. In Struthio camelus and many other birds m. splenius capitis lateralis inserts laterally onto the occiput, but in other birds part of m. complexus inserts here.
Figure 15 in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 15. Photographic-style representation of Tyrannosaurus rex (AMNH 5027) neck muscles, with definitive osteological correlates, visible in lateral view. A–C represent successively deeper layers. Varying hues represent transversospinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis and longus derivatives derivatives, respectively. Some muscles are omitted for clarity, including mm. interspinales between neural spines, and m. iliocostalis cervicis that inserted medially on the cervical ribs. M. transversospinalis capitis and cervicis, and m. longissimus capitis superficialis, are drawn as gradients to show tendinous anterior insertions. M. transversospinalis capitis is depicted as reflected downwards to show epipophyses of several vertebrae, to which it would insert and/or posterior parts of M. complexus would originate. M. iliocostalis capitis is rendered as having individual slips that arose from heads of the cervical ribs, one interpretation of this muscle's osteological origins. M. rectus capitis ventralis originates from the ventral surfaces of the anterior cervicals, and is restored here as passing medial to the anterior cervical ribs. The skull has been displaced slightly anteriorly, to compensate for an anteroposteriorly compressed C1 in this specimen.
Figure 10. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach
Figure 10. A, several muscles of Pelicanus occidentalis, disseted in lateral view. Abbreviations are as in the main text. Several slips of m. rectus capitis dorsalis (m. r.c.d.) converge ventrally, towards tendinous insertions on the basioccipital tuberosities. M. complexus has an unusual lateral, tendinous insertion. B, posterolateral view of m. longissimus capitis superficialis (outlined in dark grey) of Alligator mississippiensis. The posterior origin and the insertion are tendinous. M. iliocostallis capitis (m. il. cap.) is depicted, and m. constrictor colli has not been dissected away. The neck is slightly dorsiflexed in this view .
Bioinspired structural hydrogels with highly ordered hierarchical orientations by flow-induced alignment of nanofibrils
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Selective ligand removal to improve accessibility of active sites in hierarchical MOFs for heterogeneous photocatalysis
<p>This file includes the source data for all experimental and theoretical data of the publication.</p>
ARENA_Hierarchical Organization of Distributed Semantic Knowledge in the Human Language System_Language Study Pt. 1: stimulus set
<p>P4_WP1_01 Language Study Pt. 1: stimulus set</p> <p> </p> <p>Folder structure: </p> <p>Raw_input<br>The raw_input contains the text for every chapter of the book to be used in the experiment (Moonwalk mit Einstein: Wie aus einem vergeßlichen Mann ein Gedächtnis-Champion wurde, by Joshua Foer, translated by Ulla Rahn-Huber. Published by Riemann Verlag (28 Mar. 2011)). <br>Additionally, in the folder there is the pretrained vector model for German words (model comes from https://fasttext.cc/docs/en/crawl-vectors.html), ratings for concreteness and word frequency (all references are included in the scripts). Moreover, there is a translated version of the Things labels for intersecting the single words with the THINGS dataset (Hebart MN, Dickter AH, Kidder A, Kwok WY, Corriveau A, et al. (2019) THINGS: A database of 1,854 object concepts and more than 26,000 naturalistic object images. PLOS ONE 14(10): e0223792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223792)</p> <p>Scripts<br>In this folder, there are 6 scripts to sample single words from the raw text. The scripts are numbered according to the intended order of use. <br>- 1_from_text_to_df.py: from raw text only nouns and verbs are extracted with their relative word frequency, concreteness, lemma form, and number of characters. </p> <p>- 2_cluster_words.py: cluster analysis of word vectors to sample the semantic space as broadly as possible. Loosely based on Pereira, F., Lou, B., Pritchett, B. et al. Toward a universal decoder of linguistic meaning from brain activation. Nat Commun 9, 963 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03068-4. </p> <p>- 3_compute_orthographic_density.py: add information for OND20 for both word forms and lemma forms. </p> <p>- 4_syntactic_valency.py: this applies only to verbs. It counts the number of arguments necessary for a verb to saturate its syntactic valency (e.g., subject + object). </p> <p>- 5_sampling_nouns.py: it samples nouns by preserving the distributions of all variables. The number of characters for every word is kept under 10. Additionally, the extreme quantiles of concreteness are matched by all other variables to ensure that more concrete and more abstract words in the set are still match along the other ratings. </p> <p>- 6_sampling_verbs.py: same as above but for verbs. </p> <p>Stimuli <br>In this folder, the pool of words before sampling is included. Note that some words have been manually excluded for several reasons: e.g., parsed wrongly in their lemma form; offensive words; words coming from other languages. </p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.