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2,045 results for “Plan S”
Data from: Using satellite AIS to improve our understanding of shipping and fill gaps in ocean observation data to support marine spatial planning
1. A key stage underpinning marine spatial planning (MSP) involves mapping the spatial distribution of ecological processes and biological features, as well the social and economic interests of different user groups. One sector, merchant shipping (vessels that transport cargo or passengers), however, is often poorly represented in MSP due to a perceived lack of fine-scale spatially explicit data to support decision making processes. 2. Here, using the Republic of Congo as an example, we show how publicly accessible satellite derived Automatic Identification System (S-AIS) data can address gaps in ocean observation data for shipping at a national scale. We also demonstrate how fine-scale (0.05 km2 resolution) spatial data layers derived from S-AIS (intensity, occupancy) can be used to generate maps of vessel pressure to provide an indication of patterns of impact on the marine environment and potential for conflict with other ocean-user groups. 3. We reveal that passenger vessels, offshore service vessels, bulk carrier and cargo vessels and tankers account for 93.7% of all vessels and vessel traffic annually, and that these sectors operate in a combined area equivalent to 92% of Congo's exclusive economic zone(EEZ) – far exceeding the areas allocated for other user-groups (conservation, fisheries and petrochemicals). We also show that the shallow coastal waters and habitats of the continental shelf are subject to more persistent pressure associated with shipping; and that the potential for conflict among user groups is likely to be greater with fisheries, whose zones are subject to the highest vessel pressure scores than with conservation or petrochemical sectors. 4. Synthesis and applications. Shipping dominates ocean use, and so excluding this sector from decision making could lead to increased conflict among user groups, poor compliance and negative environmental impacts. This study demonstrates how Satellite derived Automatic Identification System data can provide a comprehensive mechanism to fill gaps in ocean observation data and visualise patterns of vessel behaviour and potential threats to better support marine spatial planning at national scales.13-Feb-2018
Data from: Sensitivity analysis of conservation targets in systematic conservation planning
Systematic conservation planning has rapidly advanced in the past decade and has been increasingly incorporated in multiple studies and conservation projects. One of its requirements is a quantitative definition of conservation targets. While the Convention on Biological Diversity aims to expand the world's protected area network to 17% of the land surface, in many cases such uniform policy-driven targets may not be appropriate for achieving persistence of various species. Targets are often set arbitrarily, often because information required for the persistence of each species is unavailable or unknown in the focal region. Conservation planners therefore need to establish complementary novel approaches to address the gaps in setting targets. Here, we develop and present a novel method that aims to help guide the selection of conservation targets, providing support for decision makers, planners, and managers. This is achieved by examining the overall flexibility of the conservation network resulting from conservation prioritization, and aiming for greater flexibility. To test this approach we applied the decision support tool Marxan to determine marine conservation priority areas in the eastern Mediterranean Sea as a case study. We assessed the flexibility of the conservation network by comparing 80 different scenarios in which conservation targets were gradually increased and assessed by a range of calculated metrics (e.g., the percentage of the total area selected, the overall connectivity). We discovered that when conservation targets were set too low (i.e., below 10% of the distribution range of each species), very few areas were identified as irreplaceable and the conservation network was not well defined. Interestingly, when conservation targets were set too high (over 50% of the species' range), too many conservation priority areas were selected as irreplaceable, an outcome which is realistically infeasible to implement. As a general guideline, we found that flexibility in a conservation network is adequate when ~10−20% of the study area is considered irreplaceable (selection frequency values over 90%). This approach offers a useful sensitivity analysis when applying target-based systematic conservation planning tools, ensuring that the resulting protected area conservation network offers more choices for managers and decision makers.
Data from: Habitat risk assessment for regional ocean planning in the U.S. Northeast and Mid-Atlantic
Coastal habitats provide important benefits to people, including habitat for species targeted by fisheries and opportunities for tourism and recreation. Yet, such human activities also can imperil these habitats and undermine the ecosystem services they provide to people. Cumulative risk assessment provides an analytical framework for synthesizing the influence of multiple stressors across habitats and decision-support for balancing human uses and ecosystem health. To explore cumulative risk to habitats in the U.S. Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Ocean Planning regions, we apply the open-source InVEST Habitat Risk Assessment model to 13 habitats and 31 stressors in an exposure-consequence framework. In doing so, we advance the science priorities of EBM and both regional planning bodies by synthesizing the wealth of available data to improve our understanding of human uses and how they affect marine resources. We find that risk to ecosystems is greatest first, along the coast, where a large number of stressors occur in close proximity and secondly, along the continental shelf, where fewer, higher consequence activities occur. Habitats at greatest risk include soft and hard-bottom nearshore areas, tidal flats, soft-bottom shelf habitat, and rocky intertidal zones—with the degree of risk varying spatially. Across all habitats, our results indicate that rising sea surface temperatures, commercial fishing, and shipping consistently and disproportionally contribute to risk. Further, our findings suggest that management in the nearshore will require simultaneously addressing the temporal and spatial overlap as well as intensity of multiple human activities and that management in the offshore requires more targeted efforts to reduce exposure from specific threats. We offer a transparent, generalizable approach to evaluating cumulative risk to multiple habitats and illustrate the spatially heterogeneous nature of impacts along the eastern Atlantic coast and the importance of spatial scale in estimating such impacts. These results offer a valuable decision-support tool by helping to constrain the decision space, focus attention on habitats and locations at the greatest risk, and highlight effect management strategies.
Data from: Climatic effects on planning behavior
What mechanism links climate change and social change? Palaeoanthropological analysis of human remains suggests that abrupt climate change is linked to societal restructuring, but it has been challenging to reliably identify the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship. Here we identify one potential mechanism that can link climate to behavior change, and underpins many of the reported findings on social restructuring. Specifically, we show that daily weather is linked to human planning behavior, and this effect is moderated by climate. Our results demonstrate that as weather gets colder, humans increase their planning in cold regions and decrease planning in warm regions. Since planning has previously been linked to group efficiency, cooperation, and societal organization, our work suggests planning is one mechanism that can link climate change to societal restructuring.
Data from: Phylogenetically informed spatial planning is required to conserve the mammalian tree of life
In the face of the current extinction crisis and severely limited conservation resources, safeguarding the tree of life is increasingly recognized as a high priority. We conducted a first systematic global assessment of the conservation of phylogenetic diversity (PD) that uses realistic area targets and highlights the key areas for conservation of the mammalian tree of life. Our approach offers a substantially more effective conservation solution than one focused on species. In many locations, priorities for PD differ substantially from those of a species-based approach that ignores evolutionary relationships. This discrepancy increases rapidly as the amount of land available for conservation declines, as does the relative benefit for mammal conservation (for the same area protected). This benefit is equivalent to an additional 5900 Myr of distinct mammalian evolution captured simply through a better informed choice of priority areas. Our study uses area targets for PD to generate more realistic conservation scenarios, and tests the impact of phylogenetic uncertainty when selecting areas to represent diversity across a phylogeny. It demonstrates the opportunity of using rapidly growing phylogenetic information in conservation planning and the readiness for a new generation of conservation planning applications that explicitly consider the heritage of the tree of life's biodiversity.
Data from: Ecological niche modelling for conservation planning of an endemic snail in the verge of becoming a pest in cardamom plantations in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Conservation managers and policy makers are often confronted with a challenging dilemma of devising suitable strategies to maintain agricultural productivity while conserving endemic species that at the early stages of becoming pests of agricultural crops. Identification of environmental factors conducive to species range expansion for forecasting species distribution patterns will play a central role in devising management strategies to minimize the conflict between the agricultural productivity and biodiversity conservation. Here, we present results of a study that predicts the distribution of Indrella ampulla, a snail endemic to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, which is becoming a pest in cardamom (Ellettaria cardamomum) plantations. We determined the distribution patterns and niche overlap between I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche modeling techniques under current and future (2020–2080) climatic scenarios. The results showed that climatic (precipitation of coldest quarter and isothermality) and soil (cation exchange capacity of soil [CEC]) parameters are major factors that determine the distribution of I. ampulla in Western Ghats. The model predicted cardamom cultivation areas in southern Western Ghats are highly sensitive to invasion of I. ampulla under both present and future climatic conditions. While the land area in the central Western Ghats is predicted to become unsuitable for I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum in future, we found 71% of the Western Ghats land area is suitable for Ellettaria cardamomum cultivation and 45% suitable for I. ampulla, with an overlap of 35% between two species. The resulting distribution maps are invaluable for policy makers and conservation managers to design and implement management strategies minimizing the conflicts to sustain agricultural productivity while maintaining biodiversity in the region.
Data from: Conservation planning for offsetting the impacts of development: a case study of biodiversity and renewable energy in the Mojave Desert
Balancing society's competing needs of development and conservation requires careful consideration of tradeoffs. Renewable energy development and biodiversity conservation are often considered beneficial environmental goals. However, the direct footprint and disturbance of renewable energy can displace species' habitat and negatively impact populations and communities if sited without ecological consideration. To mitigate residual impacts, offsets have emerged as a potentially useful tool after trying to avoid, minimize, or restore affected sites. Yet where many species or many sites are involved, the problem of efficiently designing a set of offset sites becomes increasingly complex. Spatial conservation prioritization tools are designed to handle this problem, but have seen little application to offset siting and analysis. To address this need we designed an offset siting support tool for the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP) of California, and present a case study of hypothetical impacts from solar development in the Western Mojave subsection. We compare two offset scenarios designed to mitigate a hypothetical 15,331 ha derived from proposed utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) projects. The first prioritizes offsets based precisely on impacted features, while the second offsets impacts based on the potential to maximize biodiversity conservation gains in the region. The two methods only agree on 28% of their prioritized sites and differ in meeting species-specific offset goals. Differences between the two scenarios highlight the importance of clearly specifying choices and priorities for offset siting and mitigation in general. Similarly, the effects of background climate and land use change may lessen the durability or effectiveness of offsets if not considered. Our offset siting support tool was designed specifically for the DRECP area, but with minor code modification could work well in other offset analyses, and provide continuing support for a potentially innovative mitigation solution to environmental impacts.
Bi-objective optimization for last-train coordination planning with dwell time adjustment strategy
<p><span><span><span><span>In the design of last-train coordination plan, adjusting (extending/reducing) dwell time can balance economic and service goals for operation company and late-night passengers, especially when transfer-passenger flow is uncertain. For this purpose, we first develop</span></span><span><span> a </span></span><span><span>bi-objective</span></span> <span><span>scenario-based</span></span> <span><span>stochastic programming model for</span></span> <span><span>last-train coordination planning problem combined with</span></span><span><span> the </span></span><span><span>dwell time adjustment strategy. Then, we</span></span> <span><span>develop a two-phase approach, wherein the first phase we adopt the varepsilon-constraint method to reformulate the original model to a modified single-objective one. This is followed by the second phase using the branch-and-bound algorithm implemented by</span></span><span><span> the </span></span><span><span>CPLEX solver to obtain</span></span> <span><span>Pareto-optimal solutions (frontier). Finally, we demonstrate the advantage of the proposed model through comparison with the corresponding model without dwell time strategy and the max-min robust model over a randomly generated small-scale network. Moreover, we also illustrate the application of the proposed model by a real-world case study on the large-scale Beijing subway network.</span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning: timber harvest, wildfire and climate change in the boreal forest
In an effort to ensure the sustainability of their forests, boreal forest managers often use forest planning models to make future projections of timber supply and other key services, such as habitat for wildlife. Projecting the fate of these services has proven to be challenging, however, as major uncertainties exist regarding the principal drivers of boreal ecosystem dynamics, including the future spatial and temporal distribution of wildfire and timber harvesting. Existing forest planning models are not well suited to dealing with this uncertainty because they produce deterministic projections based on central tendencies of these drivers. Here we present a new approach for incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning, which we demonstrate using two landscapes in the Canadian boreal forest. Our approach takes the assumptions contained within the latest forest management plans for each of these landscapes, including parameterizations of their deterministic forest planning models, and converts these assumptions into equivalent parameterizations of a stochastic, spatially-explicit state-and-transition simulation model (STSM). We then use Monte Carlo simulations with the STSM to "stress-test" the forest management plan with respect to a range of possible future uncertainties, including uncertainties in future levels and patterns of wildfire and timber harvest, along with the possible changes in wildfire that might result from future climate change. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of incorporating stochastic variability into projections of future ecosystem condition. The STSM projections that acknowledged variability in wildfire and timber harvest differed from the deterministic forest planning model projections that were based solely on mean values. Our analysis also suggests that there is an increased risk of shortfalls in timber harvest, for both boreal landscapes, associated with future projections for changes in wildfire due to climate change, and that management strategies aimed at reducing the future level of timber harvest offer an opportunity to mitigate these risks. We believe our approach provides a new risk-based framework for incorporating uncertainty into forest management, including the effects of climate change.
Data from: Postpartum family planning integration with maternal, newborn, and child health services: a cross-sectional analysis of client flow patterns in India and Kenya
Objectives: Maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services represent opportunities to integrate postpartum family planning (PPFP). Objectives were to determine levels of MNCH-family planning (FP) integration and associations between integration, client characteristics, and service delivery factors in facilities that received programmatic PPFP support. Design and setting: Cross-sectional client flow assessment conducted May–July 2014, over 5 days at 10 purposively selected public sector facilities in India (four hospitals) and Kenya (two hospitals, four health centers). Participants: 2,158 client visits tracked (1,294 India; 864 Kenya). Women aged 18 or older accessing services while pregnant and/or with a child under 2 years. Interventions: PPFP/postpartum intrauterine device—Bihar, India (2012–2013); Jharkhand, India (2010–2014); Embu, Kenya (2008–2012). Maternal, infant, and young child nutrition/FP integration—Bondo, Kenya (2011–2013). Primary outcome measures: Proportion of visits where clients received integrated MNCH-FP services, client characteristics as predictors of MNCH-FP integration, and MNCH-FP integration as predictor of length of time spent at facility. Results: Levels of MNCH-FP integration varied widely across facilities (5.3% to 63.0%), as did proportion of clients receiving MNCH-FP integrated services by service area. Clients traveling 30–59 minutes were half as likely to receive integrated services versus those traveling under 30 minutes (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–0.7, p<.001). Clients receiving MNCH-FP services (versus MNCH services only) spent an average of 10.5 minutes longer at the facility (95% CI −0.1–21.9, not statistically significant). Conclusions: Findings suggest importance of focused programmatic support for integration by MNCH service area. FP integration was highest in areas receiving specific support. Integration does not seem to impose an undue burden on clients in terms of time spent at the facility. Clients living furthest from facilities are least likely to receive integrated services.
Data from: A new ophiocistioid with soft-tissue preservation from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, and the evolution of the holothurian body plan
Reconstructing the evolutionary assembly of animal body plans is challenging when there are large morphological gaps between extant sister taxa, as in the case of echinozoans (echinoids and holothurians). However, the inclusion of extinct taxa can help bridge these gaps. Here we describe a new species of echinozoan, Sollasina cthulhu, from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, UK. S. cthulhu belongs to the ophiocistioids, an extinct group that shares characters with both echinoids and holothurians. Using physical-optical tomography and computer reconstruction, we visualize the internal anatomy of S. cthulhu in three dimensions, revealing inner soft tissues that we interpret as the ring canal, a key part of the water vascular system that was previously unknown in fossil echinozoans. Phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that Sollasina and other ophiocistioids represent a paraphyletic group of stem holothurians, as previously hypothesized. This allows us to reconstruct the stepwise reduction of the skeleton during the assembly of the holothurian body plan, which may have been controlled by changes in the expression of biomineralization genes.
WIP: Trestle bridge site planning
This is a quick handheld scan of a trestle bridge near Yering in preparation for a more complete scan of the bridge. For the final scan see: https://skfb.ly/6J6tP Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
EFFECT OF PROJECT PLANNING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECT: A CASE OF KICUKIRO CENTER-KAGARAMA-MUYANGE ROAD IMPLEMENTED BY NPD LTD IN KICUKIRO DISTRICT, RWANDA
<p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> The study investigated the project planning and performance of road construction project specifically the Kicukiro Center-Kagarama-Muyange Road in Rwanda. The study was guided by specific objectives which are to ascertain the effects of scope planning on performance of road construction projects; to determine the effect of resource planning on performance of road construction projects; to determine the effect of Risk planning on performance of road construction projects; and to examine the effect of stakeholders planning on performance of road construction projects. Descriptive and correlative research designs; and the mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Targeted population was 237 persons. The study had 149 respondents as sample size. Data collection methods were documentary analysis; questionnaire; interview guide; and observations. Descriptive statistic method was used to analyze collected data specifically the frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Correlation coefficient; and multiple linear Regression analysis models were adopted. The results showed that there is a positive and strong correlation between Project scope planning and Performance. The findings showed level of f-test model is 228.710 which is positive with p-value of 0.000b less than both standard significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01. The study retained alternative hypothesis stated that Ha1 stated that there is a significant effect of resource planning on performance of road construction project; Ha2 said that there are significant effects of scope planning on performance of road construction project; Ha3 stated that there are significant effects of Risk planning on performance of road construction project; and Ha4 said that there are significant effects of stakeholder's involvement on performance of construction projects of Kicukiro Center-Kagarama-Muyange. Kicukiro District. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>project planning; performance; road construction project</p><p> </p>
Data to: "Distinct Neural Components of Visually Guided Grasping during Planning and Execution"
<p>This record contains experimental and analysis scripts (written in Matlab) as well as raw and processed data to reproduce the results shown in:</p><p>Klein LK<strong>†</strong>, Maiello G<strong>†</strong>, Stubbs KM, Proklova D, Chen J, Paulun VC, Culham JC, Fleming RW (2023) Distinct neural components of visually guided grasping during planning and execution. <i>Journal of Neuroscience.</i> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0335-23.2023">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0335-23.2023</a>.<i> <strong>†</strong>Co-first author</i></p>
CBF-Based Motion Planning for Socially Responsible Robot Navigation Guaranteeing STL Specification
<p>Video of submitted paper entitled "CBF-Based Motion Planning for Socially Responsible Robot Navigation Guaranteeing STL Specification"</p>
Las asignaturas de los planes de estudio D y E de la carrera de Estomatología relacionadas con la Odontología Restauradora [The subjects of study plans D and E of the Dentistry career related to Restorative Dentistry]
<p>En la presente base de datos, exploraremos las asignaturas de los planes de estudio D y E de la carrera de Estomatología que están directamente relacionadas con la Odontología Restauradora y que tienen actividades que se desarrollan en la educación en el trabajo. Analizaremos en detalle los contenidos programáticos, las metodologías de enseñanza y los recursos utilizados en cada una de estas asignaturas, con el fin de comprender cómo contribuyen a la formación integral de los estudiantes y su preparación para enfrentar los desafíos de la práctica profesional.</p>
GTnum GEST-PRO #PratiquesHybrides - Enseigner en contexte hybride. Plan de gestion de données
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Pre-Processed Data Sets for Marine Spatial Planning of a Wave-Powered Aquaculture Farm in the Northeast U.S.
<p>These data sets are intended for marine spatial planning applications including the modeling of wave-powered aquaculture farms. They work in tandem with the Python model developed by the SEA Lab to evaluate potential sites for this development in the Northeastern U.S. The code for this model is available on GitHub at <a href=" https://github.com/symbiotic-engineering/aquaculture">https://github.com/symbiotic-engineering/aquaculture</a>, and details about the data and model are discussed in several related publications.</p>
Electronic Companion - Accelerated Benders Decomposition for Enhanced Co-Optimized T&D System Planning
<p>This release is associated with a paper entitled "Accelerated Benders Decomposition for Enhanced Co-Optimized T&D System Planning".</p><p>In this document, we include information regarding the physical parameters of the transmission and distribution power systems adopted to present the results shown in the paper. Additionally, data regarding investment and operative costs, as well as the scenarios used to describe the uncertainty of renewable-based generation availability and demand, are provided in this document.</p>
Dataset used in Addressing ocean planning challenges in a highly crowded sea space: a case study for the regional sea of Catalonia (Western Mediterranean)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.