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5,510 results for “Foods”
Fig. 3 in Diet seasonality and food overlap of the fish assemblage in a pantanal pond
Fig. 3. Dendrogram of diet similarity of the fish assemblage in the Sinhá Mariana pond (Mato Grosso State, Brazil) showing the trophic guilds during rainy (A) and dry (B) seasons. Abbreviations of the species names are showing in table 1.
Fig. 2 in Diet seasonality and food overlap of the fish assemblage in a pantanal pond
Fig. 2. Water level in the in the studied region, Sinhá Mariana pond, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, from March/2000 to February/2001, showing the wet and dry seasons. These dates were provided by Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA).
Fig. 1 in Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil
Fig. 1. An individual of Characidium sp. positioned behind a grazing catfish, Parotocinclus maculicauda, on a large submerged rock in a fast flowing stretch of the rio do Ouro stream. Photo by R. Leitão.
Fig. 2 in Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil
Fig. 2. The grazing activity of Parotocinclus maculicauda that dislodges particles, resulting in small clouds (a); and Characidium sp. standing downstream of the foraging catfish, adopting a sit-and-wait foraging tactic to feed on the particles (b). Illustration by A. Peixoto.
Fig. 2 in Food spectrum and trophic structure of the ichthyofauna of Corumbá reservoir, Paraná river Basin, Brazil
Fig. 2. Food resource availability, inferred from the volume of food items in the stomachs analyzed for all species combined.
Fig. 3 in Use of food resources by the fish fauna of a small reservoir (rio Jordão, Brazil) before and shortly after its filling
Fig. 3. Capture per unit of effort (CPUE), in abundance (a) and biomass (b) from different trophic groups.
Fig. 1 in Use of food resources by the fish fauna of a small reservoir (rio Jordão, Brazil) before and shortly after its filling
Fig. 1. Geographical location of Jordão River (Paraná State, Brazil) with indication of the study site.
Fig. 3 in Scientific note Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses
Fig. 3. Trophic position estimates of fishes collected at Nicola Lake, Taim Hydrological System. # symbols denotes different individuals of the same species.
Fig. 2 in Scientific note Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses
Fig. 2. Plot of δ15N and δ13C values for plants (), mollusks () and fishes () collected at Nicola Lake, Taim Hydrological System. Sources of carbon assimilated by consumers are indicated by the relative positions of taxa on the x-axis; trophic level is indicated by relative position on the y-axis. The dashed line distinguishes between producers and consumers. # symbols denotes different individuals of the same species.
Fig. 1 in Scientific note Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses
Fig. 1. Patos-Mirim Lagoon complex (ca. 14,000 Km2) (A) in southern Brazil showing the Taim Hydrological System (B) with the ecological reserve's limits (320.4 Km2) and Nicola Lake (2.45 Km2) (C).
Fig. 2 in Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the central Amazon floodplain
Fig. 2. Relative importance of food categories in supporting the community's biomass of fish species inhabiting a floodplain lake (lago do Rei) in Central Amazonia in the two seasons.
Fig. 3 in Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the central Amazon floodplain
Fig. 3. Distribution of overlaps values between diets of fish species inhabiting a floodplain lake (lago do Rei) in Central Amazonia. a: whole community all seasons (74 species); b: generalist species all seasons (27 species); and c: seasonal differences (23 species).
FONA corpus: Food & Nutrition Abstracts Multilingual corpus
<p>The FONA corpus is a collection of case reports specifically selected to foster the development of Language Technologies, Text Mining and NLP for applications in the domain of food & nutrition.</p> <p> </p> <p>It contains a large collection of documents (titles and abstracts) with metadata information on their MeSH terms. In addition, a subset of the collection contains automatically recognized entities of the following categories:</p> <ul> <li>medical procedures</li> <li>symptoms</li> <li>diseases</li> <li>medications</li> <li>occupational and demographic information</li> <li>species (pathogens)</li> <li>cancer morphology</li> </ul>
Potentials and perspectives of food self-sufficiency in urban areas – data and code
<p>Script and input data files (consumption and production data) for the publication "Potentials and perspectives of food self-sufficiency in urban areas – a case study from Leipzig". The script provides a tool for 1) the calculation of the self-sufficiency level (ssl), regional and non-regional agricultural area demand for the region of interest and 2) the calculation of share of area demand and total consumption of single commodities and food groups. Input data files include production yields and consumption quantities for single commodities.</p>
Girls in early childhood increase food returns of nursing women during subsistence activities of the BaYaka in the Republic of Congo
<p>Nursing mothers face an energetic trade-off between infant care and work. Under pooled energy budgets, this trade-off can be reduced by assistance in food acquisition and infant care tasks from non-maternal caregivers. Across cultures, children also often provide infant care. Yet the question of who helps nursing mothers during foraging has been understudied, especially the role of children. Using focal follow data from 140 subsistence expeditions by BaYaka women in the Republic of Congo, we investigated how potential support from caregivers increased mothers' foraging productivity. We found that the number of girls in early childhood (ages 4–7) in subsistence groups increased food returns of nursing women with infants (kcal collected per minute). This effect was stronger than that of other adult women, and older girls in middle childhood (ages 8–13) and adolescence (ages 14–19). Child helpers were not necessarily genetically related to nursing women. Our results suggest that it is young girls who provide infant care while nursing mothers are acquiring food – by holding, monitoring, and playing with infants– and, thus, that they also contribute to the energy pool of the community during women's subsistence activities. Our study highlights the critical role of children as caregivers from early childhood.</p>
Daphnia magna trade-off safety from UV radiation for food
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Research on diel vertical migration (DVM) is generally conducted at the population level, whereas few studies have focused on how individual animals behaviorally respond to threats when also having access to foraging opportunities. We utilized a 3-D tracking platform to record the swimming behavior of <i>Daphnia magna</i> exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the presence or absence of a food patch. We analyzed the vertical position of individuals before and during UVR exposure and found that the presence of food reduced the average swimming depth during both sections of the trial. Since UVR is a strong driver of zooplankton behavior, our results highlight that biotic factors, such as food patches, have profound effects on both the amplitude and the frequency of avoidance behavior. In a broader context, the trade-off between threats and food adds to our understanding of the strength and variance of behavioral responses to threats, including DVM.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data for: Herbivores' impacts cascade through the brown food web in a dryland
<p><span><span>Food webs can be conceptualized as being powered by energy derived from living and dead vegetation, respectively. Most food web research has focused on "green food webs" which begin with the consumption of living vegetation by herbivores. However, "brown food webs" which stem from the consumption of senescent vegetation by detritivores are also an important channel of energy transfer. In theory, herbivores have the potential to disrupt brown food webs by consuming plant material before it has the opportunity to senesce and become available for detritivores. Here we investigate the effects that grazing by kangaroos whose population had irrupted in the absence of an apex predator has on the brown food web in an arid environment. We compared the cover of living and dead vegetation and the abundances of detritivorous termites and their predators inside one ha herbivore exclosures and nearby control plots. Results show there was more cover of living and dead vegetation inside the exclosures. Similarly, abundances of termites and small vertebrate predators of termites were greater inside the exclosures. Our study provides evidence that consumption of plant material by irruptive herbivores can disrupt the functioning of the brown food web by reducing the flow of energy from plant biomass to termites which in turn translates to reduced abundances of termites and small vertebrates that feed on termites. Our findings have implications for conservation and management because they shed light on a previously unconsidered threat to the functioning of arid ecosystems, disruption of brown food webs by irruptive herbivores. </span></span></p>
Data for: Richness, food webs structures and ecosystem functioning
<p>This dataset has information on the spatial distribution of fish species from the middle Paraná River and the diet information of 15 fish-eating species. The objective of the paper was to evaluate the relationship between richness, the structure of food webs and standing biomass. In addition to the information on diet and spatial distribution, there is a readme file, two Rstudio scripts and an R environment (all the results of the work can be found in the latter).</p>
Arthropod food webs predicted from body length ratios are improved by incorporating prey defensive properties
<p>This dataset was used to run for Van de Walle et al. (2023). Arthropod food webs predicted from body length ratios are improved by incorporating prey defensive properties. Journal of Animal Ecology, 92(4), 913-924. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13905">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13905</a></p> <p>"Arthropod_feeding_trials.csv" contains the results of the experimental feeding trials. Each row contains information on species taxonomy, body size and hunting strategy within a single trial.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Trophic interactions are often deduced from body size differences between predators and potential prey, assuming predators prefer prey smaller than themselves because larger prey are more difficult to subdue. This hypothesis has mainly been confirmed in aquatic ecosystems, but rarely in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arthropods. Our goal was to validate whether body size ratios can accurately predict trophic interactions in a terrestrial, plant-associated arthropod community. Additionally, we tested whether predator hunting strategy and prey taxonomy could explain possible deviations from this general rule.</p> <p>We collected arthropods from marram grass in coastal dunes and conducted pairwise feeding trials to explicitly test whether two individuals, of the same or different species, would predate each other. From the trial results, we constructed one of the most complete, empirically derived food webs for terrestrial arthropods associated with a single plant species. We contrasted this empirical food web with a theoretical web based on body size ratios, literature and expert knowledge.</p> <p>In our feeding trials, predator-prey interactions were indeed largely size-based. Moreover, the theoretical food web based on body size, activity period, microhabitat and expert knowledge converged quite well with the food web based on experimental feeding trials for both predator and prey species. However, predator hunting strategy, but mainly prey taxonomy improved predictions of predation events. Well-defended taxa, such as hard-bodied beetles, were less frequently consumed than expected based on their body size.</p> <p>Body size ratios predict trophic interactions among plant-associated arthropods fairly well. However, traits such as hunting strategy and anti-predator defences can explain why certain trophic interactions do not adhere to size-based rules. Feeding trials can generate insights into multiple traits underlying real-life trophic interactions among arthropods. Such insights are much needed as the dramatic global decline in arthropod species richness and abundance is knocking out many trophic interactions on which services such as pest control and nutrient cycling depend.</p>
A Spatial Analysis of Food Insecurity and Body Mass Index with Income and Grocery Store Density in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Food insecurity occurs when a household lacks consistent access to food and is more prevalent in ethnic and racial minoritized populations. While there has been a proliferation of research linking food insecurity to obesity, these findings are mixed. It may be helpful to consider some additional geographic factors that may be associated with both factors including socioeconomic status and grocery store density. The purpose of the current study aimed to examine spatial relationships between food insecurity and SES/store density and BMI and SES/store density in a diverse sample of adolescents and young adults across two studies in a large, urban city. GIS analysis revealed that participants with the highest food insecurity (larger symbols) tend to live in the zip codes with the lowest median income. There did not appear to be clear a relationship between food insecurity and store density. Participants with the highest BMI tend to live in zip codes with lower median income and participants with higher BMI tended to live further away from downtown, which has the highest concentration of grocery stores in the city. Our findings may help to inform future interventions and policy approaches to addressing both obesity and food insecurity in areas of higher prevalence.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.