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2,015 results for “context”
Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Soil microorganisms are essential for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Although soil microbial communities and functions may be linked to tree species composition and diversity, there has been no comprehensive study of how general these potential relationships are, or if they are context-dependent. Here, we examine tree diversity–soil microbial biomass and respiration relationships across environmental gradients using a global network of tree diversity experiments.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Global</p> <p><b>Time Period</b></p> <p>2013</p> <p><b>Major Taxa Studied</b></p> <p>Soil microorganisms</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>Soil samples collected from eleven tree diversity experiments in four biomes were used to measure microbial respiration, biomass, and respiratory quotient using the substrate-induced respiration method. All samples were measured using the same analytical device, method, and procedure to reduce measurement bias. We used linear mixed-effects models and PCA to examine the effects of tree diversity (taxonomic and phylogenetic), environmental conditions, and interactions on soil microbial properties.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Abiotic drivers, mainly soil water content, but also soil carbon and soil pH, significantly increased soil microbial biomass and respiration. Optimal soil water content reduced the importance of other abiotic drivers. Tree diversity alone had no effect on the soil microbial properties, but interactions with phylogenetic diversity indicated that diversity effects are context-dependent and stronger in drier soils. Similar results were found for soil carbon and soil pH.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>Our results point to the importance of abiotic variables and especially soil water content for maintaining high levels of soil microbial functions and modulating the effects of other environmental drivers. Planting tree species with diverse water-use strategies and structurally complex canopies and high leaf area may crucial for maintaining high soil microbial biomass and respiration. Since higher phylogenetic distance alleviated unfavorable soil water conditions, reforestation efforts accounting for traits improving soil water content or choosing more phylogenetically distant species may assist in increasing soil microbial functions.</p>
Early Childhood Development of Communicative Competence in Two Urban African Contexts
<p>The study assessed the communicative competencies of 2-3 year-old children, and parental perceptions of influences on their child’s development, in two contrasting neighbourhoods of Zambia’s multilingual capital city, Lusaka: a low-income, high density neighbourhood, and a more affluent low-density area. An adapted version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory was administered individually to each parent. Parents then participated in semi-structured focus group discussions. Parental reports revealed a bilingual or plurilingual lexical repertoire in these young children, with fluid intermingling between English and indigenous Bantu languages, notably ciNyanja, the city’s lingua franca. Alternative methods of scoring the inventory showed that children of affluent families knew more English words, while children of low-income families knew more Bantu language words. The two groups were equal on an </i>overall score<i> that included words known in any language. Recent changes in national educational policy prioritise local language instruction over English. The two groups of parents expressed different attitudes towards this policy, reflecting cultural values and child socialisation practices. Young children in the high-density area were encouraged to play more freely with neighborhood peers. We recommend greater acceptance of linguistic fluidity by early education instructors as a powerful cognitive resource for the growth of communicative competence.</p>
98 selected publications analysed in-depth in the context of a systematic literature review on Computational Thinking in compulsory education
<p>This is the list of the <strong>98 publications from between 2016 and 2021 </strong>analysed in-depth through a review matrix in the context of the <strong>"</strong><a href="https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC128347">Reviewing Computational Thinking in Compulsory Education: State of Play and</a> <a href="https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC128347"> Practices from the Field</a><strong>"</strong> <strong>research study.</strong> The <a href="https://computhink2study.eu/">study</a> was designed, funded, and followed by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) to investigate <strong>how Computational Thinking (CT) is currently positioned within compulsory school education in Europe’s various Member States, as well as outside the EU</strong>. The study was carried out from April to December 2021 by the Institute for Educational Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITD), together with European Schoolnet (EUN) and Vilnius University (VU).</p> <p>Bocconi, S., Chioccariello, A., Kampylis, P., Dagienė, V., Wastiau, P., Engelhardt, K., Earp, J., Horvath, M.A., Jasutė, E., Malagoli, C., Masiulionytė-Dagienė, V., & Stupurienė, G. (2022). <em>Reviewing Computational Thinking in Compulsory Education</em>. Publications Office of the European Union. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2760/126955">https://doi.org/10.2760/126955</a></p> <p> </p>
Raw data for manuscript Semantic context can mask intelligibility declines at above-conversational speech levels in normal-hearing listeners
<p>Raw data for the manuscript in doc file. <br> Copied from the Matlab .m file. used for the analysis.</p> <p>To be updated.</p> <p>For details, contact me at mfer@health.sdu.dk</p>
Supplementary Material - Supporting Shared Understanding in Asynchronous Communication Contexts
<p>Supplementary Material for the paper Supporting Shared Understanding in Asynchronous Communication Contexts.</p> <p> </p> <p>The material contains of a spreadsheet used for the Pathfinder method to measure a groups shared understanding on the topic of future mobility. Keywords for the spreadsheet were based on a vision video published by Hyundai (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_OBgXalGFU).</p> <p>Additionally, we also present the network similarity values obtained for each participant pair for each group. These can be found in the second spreadsheet.</p>
SHIFT OF ONLINE CONSUMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOR IN VIETNAM DURING THE COVID-19 AND IN THE NEW NORMAL CONTEXT
<p>The study’s findings contribute to clarify shift of online consumer purchasing behavior and factors affecting the frequency of consumers’ online purchases in pandemic and after the pandemic’s demise, in order to help business to developeffective marketing strategies and enhance their presence in the e-commerce sector. </p>
Data from: Climatic water availability mainly drives context-dependency of tree functional diversity effects on soil organic carbon storage in European forests
<p>The interplay of forest stand and environmental factors shape soil organic C (SOC) storage in forest ecosystems but little is known about their relative impacts in different soil layers. Moreover, how environmental factors modulate the impact of stand factors, particularly species mixing, on SOC storage, is largely unexplored. In this study conducted in 21 forest triplets (two-species mixed stand and respective monocultures nearby) distributed in Europe, we tested the hypothesis that stand factors (functional identity and diversity) have stronger effects on topsoil (FF+0-10 cm) C storage than environmental factors (climatic water availability, clay+silt content, oxalate-extractable Al - Al<sub>ox</sub>) but that the opposite occurs in the subsoil (10-40 cm). We also tested the hypothesis that functional diversity improves SOC storage under high climatic water availability, clay+silt contents, Al<sub>ox</sub>. We characterized functional identity as the proportion of broadleaved species (beech and/or oak), and functional diversity as the product of broadleaved and conifer (pine) proportions. The results show that functional identity was the main driver of topsoil C storage while climatic water availability had the largest control on subsoil C storage. Contrary to expectations, functional diversity decreased topsoil C storage under increasing climatic water availability but the opposite was observed in the subsoil. Functional diversity effects on topsoil C increased with increasing clay+silt content, while its effects on subsoil C was negative at increasing Al<sub>ox</sub> content. This suggests that functional diversity effect on SOC storage along environmental gradients depends on the specific environmental factor and the soil depth under consideration.</p>
Data for: Neotropical mixed-species bird flocks in a community context
<p>Mixed-species flocks are an important component of bird communities, particularly in the Neotropics, where flocks reach their highest diversity. The extent to which mixed-species flocks represent unique functional or ecological roles within communities, and how these attributes change over environmental gradients, however, is not well understood. We use a trait-based approach to examine functional aspects of flocking assemblages as they relate to those observed in the larger avian community across a 3000 m elevational gradient. Our results reveal similar ecological strategies among flocking species and the communities in which they occur, at the scale of the regional pool and across elevations. Trait variation in flocking and non-flocking assemblages is structured along two major axes defined by size- and resource-related traits. The trait space occupied by flocking species, however, represents only half (51%) that of the larger community. Similarly, the trait space of flocks across elevations is restricted compared to non-flocking species. The shared trait space across flock types represents small-bodied invertivores foraging in lower forest strata, traits associated with increased vulnerability to predation. The concentration of flocking species in functional trait space suggests high niche packing and either more overlap in ecological strategies or more finely divided niches relative to non-flocking species.</p>
Open Context Database SQL Dump: Legacy Schema Tables and New Schema Tables
<p>Open Context (<a href="https://opencontext.org">https://opencontext.org</a>) publishes free and open access research data for archaeology and related disciplines. An open source (but bespoke) Django (Python) application supports these data publishing services. The software repository is here: <a href="https://github.com/ekansa/open-context-py">https://github.com/ekansa/open-context-py</a></p> <p>The Open Context team runs ETL (extract, transform, load) workflows to import data contributed by researchers from various source relational databases and spreadsheets. Open Context uses PostgreSQL (<a href="https://www.postgresql.org">https://www.postgresql.org</a>) relational database to manage these imported data in a graph style schema. The Open Context Python application interacts with the PostgreSQL database via the Django Object-Relational-Model (ORM).</p> <p>In 2023, the Open Context team finished migration of from a legacy database schema to a revised and refactored database schema with stricter referential integrity and better consistency across tables. During this process, the Open Context team de-duplicated records, cleaned some metadata, and redacted attribute data left over from records that had been incompletely deleted in the legacy schema.</p> <p>This database dump includes all Open Context data organized with the legacy schema (table names that start with the 'oc_' or 'link_' prefixes) along with all Open Context data after cleanup and migration to the new database schema (table names that start with 'oc_all_'). The binary media files referenced by these structured data records are stored elsewhere. Binary media files for some projects, still in preparation, are not yet archived with long term digital repositories.</p> <p>These data comprehensively reflect the structured data currently published and publicly available on Open Context. Other data (such as user and group information) used to run the Website are not included. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>IMPORTANT</strong></p> <p>This database dump contains data from roughly 180 different projects. Each project dataset has its own metadata and citation expectations. If you use these data, you must cite each data contributor appropriately, not just this Zenodo archived database dump.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Adapting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children in the Saudi Arabian context using the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology
<p>This compressed ZIP file includes three components</p> <p>The Full Guideline Document (FINAL COPY) for the <strong>2022 Saudi Guideline for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children</strong></p> <p>In addition to two guideline reporting checklists to ensure the quality of this adoloped guideline:-</p> <p><strong>1- AGREE Reporting Checklist</strong></p> <p><strong>2- RIGHT-Ad@pt Checklist</strong></p> <p>As a supplementary to the submitted article entitled:_</p> <p><strong>Adapting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children in the Saudi Arabian context using the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology</strong></p>
CoRAL: a Context-aware Croatian Abusive Language Dataset
<p>CoRAL is a language and culturally aware Croatian Abusive dataset covering phenomena of implicitness and reliance on local and global context. See our paper: Ravi Shekhar, Mladen Karan and Matthew Purver. CoRAL: a Context-aware Croatian Abusive Language Dataset. Findings of the ACL: AACL-IJCNLP, November 2022, https://aclanthology.org/2022.findings-aacl.21/.</p>
Data produced in the context of RCLN particpation to the Visual WSD task at SemEval 2023
<p>The data contain:</p> <p>- generated captions from train, trial and test images</p> <p>- generated images from the diffusion model</p> <p>refer to https://github.com/dbuscaldi/VisualWSD23 for code</p>
Data from: Context-dependent thermolability of sex determination in a lacertid lizard with heteromorphic sex chromosomes
<p>Developmental conditions can profoundly impact key life history traits of the individual. In cases where offspring sex is driven by developmental reaction norms, permanent changes to the phenotype can fundamentally alter life history trajectories. Sex determination mechanisms in reptiles are remarkable diverse including well-characterized genetic and temperature-dependent sex determination. In rarer, but increasingly more commonly documented cases, sex can also be determined by a combination of the two, with temperature overriding the genetically determined sex. Thus, sex-by-temperature interactions is a mechanism that can be contextually labile, where reaction norms of sex against developmental environment might only be observable under certain conditions. We examine the effects of incubation temperature on hatchling sex in an oviparous lizard with clearly defined heteromorphic sex chromosomes presumed to determine sex solely on a genetic basis. We also test the repeatability of our results by replicating incubation experiments across three years. We show that warmer temperatures may override chromosomal sex and cause overproduction of daughters. However, this effect was inconsistent among years, with high temperature only resulting in a daughter-significant bias in one year. Warm-incubated daughters were more efficient at converting yolk into tissue, which would allow for greater resource allocation to other fitness-related processes, such as growth. This suggests that thermolabile sex determination could be a trait under selection. More energy-efficient embryos also produced faster-growing offspring, suggesting that energy utilization patterns of the embryo were maintained into the juvenile stage, which could have important implications for the ontogenetic development and evolution of life histories.</p>
WP4 Deliverable 4.1 Literature Review- Legitimate Crisis Governance in the Context of Human, Rights, Minority Rights and the Principle of Non-Discrimination
<p>The Covid-19 pandemic and crisis management dominate media and scholarly literature since 2020. The literature review shows that human rights, their limitation(s) and suspension as well as impact(s) of crisis management on democracy, legitimacy, diverse (social) minorities, marginalized groups and border communities are often mentioned, but seldom focussed on. LEGITIMULT project on legitimate democratic crisis governance in multilevel systems combines multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approaches, qualitative and quantitative research methods in studying those complex and dynamic phenomena. As a deliverable of this project, the paper focuses on the impact(s) of crisis management, policies and measures (particularly restrictive and repressive ones), on human rights, minority rights and protection of minorities as well as on the principle of non-discrimination. Qualitative approaches and methods prove the most suitable for studying the perceptions of persons belonging to diverse minorities on democracy and legitimacy of crisis management and governance in respective environments.</p>
Fastq sequence files supporting: Assessing the degradation of environmental DNA and RNA based on genomic origin in a metabarcoding context
<p>Molecular tools of species identification based on eNAs (environmental nucleic acids; eDNA and eRNA) have the potential to greatly transform biodiversity science. However, the ability of eNAs to obtain "real-time" biodiversity estimates may be complicated by the differential persistence and degradation dynamics of the molecular template (eDNA or eRNA) and the barcode marker used. Here, we collected water samples over a 28-day period to comparatively assess species detection using eDNA and eRNA metabarcoding of two distinct barcode markers—a mitochondrial mRNA marker (COI) and a nuclear rRNA marker (18S)—following complete removal of <em>Arthropoda </em>taxa in a semi-natural freshwater system. Our findings demonstrate that <em>Arthropoda </em>community composition was largely influenced by marker choice, rather than molecular template, individual microcosm, or sampling time point. Further, although eRNA may capture similar species diversity as the established eDNA method, this finding may be marker dependent. Although we found little to no difference in decay rates observed among sample groups (COI eDNA, COI eRNA, 18S eDNA, 18S eRNA), this result is likely due to limitations in the ability of eNA-based metabarcoding to provide a strong correlation between true eNA copy numbers present in the environment and final read counts obtained (following the metabarcoding workflow). Collectively, our findings provide further support for the use of multi-marker assessments in metabarcoding surveys to unravel the broadest taxonomic diversity possible, highlight the limitations of eNA metabarcoding methods in providing accurate decay rate estimates, as well as establish the need for further comparative studies using both metabarcoding and single-species detection methods to assess the persistence and degradation dynamics of eNAs for a diverse range of taxa.</p>
The Aedes aegypti RNA interference response against Zika virus in the context of co-infection with dengue and chikungunya viruses
<p>This is the corresponding data of the Publication in Plos Neglected tropical diseases.</p> <p>Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne human-pathogenic arbovirus of the <em>Flaviviridae</em> family, genus <em>Flavivirus</em>. Other arboviruses, including dengue (DENV) or chikungunya (CHIKV) virus, can occur in the same regions as ZIKV and are also transmitted by <em>Aedes aegypti</em>. Notably, it has been shown that these viruses can co-infect this mosquito, andco-transmission occurs. Such processes may add to the serious public health issues already linked to those pathogens. Arbovirus infections in mosquitoes are controlled through an immune response called RNA interference (RNAi). It is however unknown whether immune responses changs when a mosquito is exposed to a co-infection of ZIKV with either DENV or CHIKV. In this study, we provide evidence that ZIKV co-infections with CHIKV or DENV are similarly well controlled by RNAi as single infections. These findings give new insights into the dynamics of arboviral co-infections in mosquito vectors that increase our understanding of co-infection scenarios during arbovirus outbreaks.</p>
Context‐dependent expression of variation in defensive behaviour in the lower termite Zootermopsis nevadensis
<p>Eusocial animals exhibit a sophisticated division of labour. The self-organized colony requires coordination of local interactions at the individual level. Termites are a well-known group exhibiting social organization among castes within a colony, and helper castes have facilitated their ecological and evolutionary success. Termites have soldier castes specialized in defence, but other castes are also known to exhibit defensive behaviour depending on the context. However, it is unclear how the variation in the frequencies of defensive behaviour emerged. Here, we investigate the effects of presence of nestmates on individual defensive behaviour in the dampwood termite <em>Zootermopsis nevadensis</em>. We experimentally prepared three conditions and observed biting behaviour against the ant <em>Camponotus obscuripes</em>. First, the frequency of biting was significantly higher in soldiers than that in pseudergates (i.e., workers) under isolated conditions. Second, the results showed that the frequencies of biting exhibited by soldiers were much higher than those of pseudergates in the pseudergate–soldier pairs. Finally, we investigated the social conditions in the presence of the same castes, that is, pseudergate–pseudergate and soldier–soldier pairs. The frequencies of biting exhibited by first-biting individuals were significantly higher than those exhibited by second-biting individuals in both paired conditions. Our findings demonstrate that defensive behaviour can be frequently observed in first-biting individuals despite the presence of two individuals of the same caste, suggesting that the variation of defensive behaviour may be increased in the presence of nestmates.</p>
Context expectation influences the gait pattern biomechanics
<p>This dataset is related to 32 healthy, Italian native speaker young adults that walked over a self-paced treadmill (GRAIL, Motek) in different conditions. Particularly two experimental conditions were set: “Motor Interference” condition (MI), and “Motor Expectation” condition (ME). MI aimed to explore putative gait pattern modifications due to auditory stimulation (i.e., audio risky and audio safe) provided simultaneously to the gait pattern recording. ME condition provided the audios (i.e., audio risky and audio safe) before the starting of gait pattern recording, when participants were not requested to walk (participants were simply requested to listen attentively the audios). Before starting each condition (MI or ME), a 1-min walking period of baseline (B) was recorded. </p> <p>Gait data were acquired with a Vicon system and gait parameters were extracted in Matlab.</p> <p>The dataset includes two sheets related to baseline (ME_B, MI_B), two sheets related to safe auditory stimulation (ME_S, MI_S) and two related to risky stimulation (ME_R, MI_R).</p> <p>The details about auditory stimulations, data collection and analysis are reported in the following manuscript, that we kindly ask you to cite if you use this dataset:</p> <p>Ciceri T, Malerba G, Gatti A, Diella E, Peruzzo D, Biffi E, Casartelli L. Context expectation influences the gait pattern biomechanics. Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 6;13(1):5644. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32665-7</p>
Mapping the epigenomic landscape of human monocytes following innate immune activation reveals context-specific mechanisms driving endotoxin tolerance
<p><strong>Processed datasets for publication at <em>BMC Genomics</em>.</strong></p> <p>We exposed human primary monocytes from healthy donors (n=6) to interferon-γ or differing combinations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), including acute response (2hr LPS; LPS2) and two models of endotoxin tolerance: repeated stimulations (6+6hr; LPS6:6) and prolonged exposure to endotoxin (24hr LPS; LPS24). Another subset of monocytes was left untreated (naïve; UT). We performed total RNA-seq and ATAC-seq for monocytes across these treatment conditions.</p> <p>The following processed datasets include the raw and normalised count data for each gene or ATAC peak, and the bedGraph and bigWig format for genome-wide signal data. [ bigWig files for RNA-seq (monocytes_*_mean.bw); bigWig files for ATAC-seq (Monocyte_ATAC_*_mean_normalised.by.1/size.factor.bw); bedgraph files for eRNA visualization (*RPKM_FR.bedgraph.gz); raw and normalised count files for ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data (Monocyte.featureCounts_RNAseq.txt.gz; Monocyte_filtered_log2.normalized_RNAseq_counts.txt.gz; Meta.file.txt.gz; Monocyte_raw.counts_ATACseq.txt.gz.).]</p> <p><strong>Data curator:</strong></p> <p>Ping Zhang</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Trait interactions effects on tropical tree demography depend on the environmental context
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Although functional traits are defined based on their impact on demographic parameters, trait-demography relationships are often reported as weak. These weak relationships might be due to disregarding trait interactions and environmental contexts, which should modulate species trait-demography relationships. We applied different models, including boosted regression tree (BRT) models, to investigate changes in the relationship between traits and demographic rates of tropical tree species in plots along an elevational gradient and among time intervals between censuses, analyzing the effect of a strong drought event. Based on a large dataset of 18,000 tree individuals from 133 common species, distributed among twelve 1-ha plots (habitats) in the Atlantic Forest (Brazil), we evaluated how trait interactions and the environmental context influence the demographic rates (growth, mortality, and recruitment). Functional traits, trait-trait, and trait-habitat interactions predicted demography with a good fit through either BRTs or linear mixed-models. Changes in growth rates were best related to size (diameter), and mortality rates to habitats, while changes in recruitment rates were best related to the specific leaf area. Moreover, the influence of traits differed among time intervals, and for demographic parameters, habitat affected growth and mortality by interacting with diameter. Here, we provide evidence that trait-demography relationships can be improved when considering the environmental context (space and time) and trait interactions to cope with the complexity of changes in the demography of tropical tree communities. Thus, to expand predictions of demography based on functional traits, we show that it is useful to fully incorporate the concept of multiple trait-fitness optima, resulting from trait interactions in different habitats and growth conditions.</span> </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.