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603 results for “fisheries”
Data from: Temporal genetic stability and high effective population size despite fisheries-induced life-history trait evolution in the North Sea sole.
Heavy fishing and other anthropogenic influences can have profound impact on a species' resilience to harvesting. Besides the decrease of the census and effective population size, strong declines in mature adults and recruiting individuals may lead to almost irreversible genetic changes in life-history traits. Here, we investigated the evolution of genetic diversity and effective population size in the heavily exploited sole (Solea solea), through the analysis of historical DNA from a collection of 1379 sole (Solea solea) otoliths dating back from 1957. Despite documented shifts in life-history traits, neutral genetic diversity inferred from 11 microsatellite markers showed a remarkable stability over a period of 50 years of heavy fishing. Using simulations and corrections for fisheries induced demographic variation, both point and temporal estimates of effective population size (Ne) were always higher than 1000, suggesting that despite the severe census size decrease over a 50 year period of harvesting, genetic drift is probably not strong enough to significantly decrease the neutral diversity of this species in the North Sea. However the ratio of effective population size to the census size (Ne/Nc) was very small (10-5), suggesting that overall only few adults contribute to the next generation. The high Ne level together with the low Ne/Nc ratio is most likely caused by a combination of an equalized reproductive output of younger cohorts, a decrease in generation time and a large variance in reproductive success typical for marine species. Because strong evolutionary changes in age and size at first maturation have been observed for sole, changes in adaptive genetic variation should be further monitored to detect the evolutionary consequences of human-induced selection.
Data from: The response of correlated traits following cessation of fishery-induced selection
The application of evolutionary principles to the management of fisheries has gained considerable attention recently. Harvesting of fish may apply directional or disruptive selection to key life history traits and evidence for fishery-induced evolution is growing. The traits that are directly selected upon are often correlated (genetically or phenotypically) with a suite of interrelated physiological, behavioral, and morphological characters. A question that has received comparatively little attention is whether or not, after cessation of fishery-induced selection, these correlated traits revert back to previous states. Here, we empirically examine this question. In experiments with the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, we applied size-selective culling for 5 generations and then maintained the lines a further 5 generations under random harvesting. We found that some traits do return to pre-harvesting levels (e.g., larval viability), some partially recover (e.g., egg volume, size at hatch), and others show no sign of change (e.g., food consumption rate, vertebral number). Such correlations among characters could, in theory, greatly accelerate or decelerate the recovery of fish populations. These results may explain why some fish stocks fail to recover after fishing pressure is relaxed.
Data from: Climate change impacts on marine biodiversity, fisheries and society in the Arabian Gulf
Climate change - reflected in significant environmental changes such as warming, sea level rise, shifts in salinity, oxygen and other ocean conditions - is expected to impact marine organisms and associated fisheries. This study provides an assessment of the potential impacts on, and the vulnerability of, marine biodiversity and fisheries catches in the Arabian Gulf under climate change. To this end, using three separate niche modelling approaches under a 'business-as-usual' climate change scenario, we projected the future habitat suitability of the Arabian Gulf for 55 expert-identified priority species, including charismatic and non-fish species. Second, we conducted a vulnerability assessment of national economies to climate change impacts on fisheries. The modelling outputs suggested a high rate of local extinction (up to 35% of initial species richness) by 2090 relative to 2010. Spatially, projected local extinctions are highest in the southwestern part of the Arabian Gulf, off the coast of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While the projected patterns provided useful indicators of climate change impacts on the region's diversity, the magnitude of changes in habitat suitability are more uncertain. Fisheries-specific results suggested reduced future catch potential for several countries on the western side of the Arabian Gulf, with projections differing only slightly between models. Qatar and the UAE were particularly affected, with more than a 26% drop in future fish catch potential. Integrating changes in catch potential with socio-economic indicators suggested the fisheries of Bahrain and Iran may be most vulnerable to climate change. We discuss limitations of the indicators and the methods used, as well as the implications of our overall findings for conservation and fisheries management policies in the region.
FIGURE 17. Range map for Hippocampus fisheri. See Figure 2 in A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research
FIGURE 17. Range map for Hippocampus fisheri. See Figure 2 caption for further details.
Figure 1 in Decapod abundance and species richness in the bycatch of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) fishery, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Figure 1. Studied region. The adjacent area from the Babitonga Bay, northern litoral of the Santa Catarina State, highlighting the sampled depths (source: Grabowski et al., 2014).
Tunabio: biological traits of tropical tuna and bycatch species caught by purse seine fisheries in the Western Indian and Eastern Central Atlantic Oceans
<p>Along with the development of the tropical tuna purse seine fishery from the 1960s in the Atlantic Ocean and from the 1980s in the Indian Ocean, many projects and studies have been conducted to improve knowledge about the biology, migrations, and dynamics of the stocks of target and non-target (i.e., bycatch) species taken in these fisheries. Since the 2000s, the European Union (EU) has been supporting Member States in the collection of biological data on species caught by their purse seine and pole and line fisheries, thus making it possible to have long-time series of data. These data are essential to monitor the status of the fisheries and fuel the assessment models used by the tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (tRFMOs) for the sustainable management and conservation of the fish stocks under their mandate.</p> <p>We combined historical (1974-1999) and current (2003-2020) data sets on the biology of tropical tunas and bycatch fish caught by large-scale purse seiners in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean (EAO) and Western Indian Ocean (WIO). The resulting Tunabio database contains all available morphometric and biological data collected on more than 80,000 fish individuals.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 3 in Accounting for variability in life-history traits for the definition of amphidromous goby fry fisheries closure periods
Figure 3. – Representation of the six to nine month fisheries closure periods ensuring that at least 50% and 75% of abundance and life history trait diversity for Sicyopterus lagocephalus and Cotylopus acutipinnis covered by the discontinuous and continuous alternatives. The months were those selected in the best ranked alternative in the MULTIMOORA analysis.
Figure 2 in Accounting for variability in life-history traits for the definition of amphidromous goby fry fisheries closure periods
Figure 2. – Proportion of the yearly abundance and variability of life-history traits of Sicyopterus lagocephalus (in purple) and Cotylopus acutipinnis (in yellow) covered by the best ranked alternatives (with a duration from five to 10 months) of the MULTIMOORA analysis. The best alternatives of discontinuous fisheries closure periods are displayed in panel A, the best alternatives of continuous periods in panel B.
Figure 5 in The fisheries of the sea around Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: from cod to sea cucumber
Figure 5. – Biomass trend of cod off the Canadian coast and around St Pierre and Miquelon, 1508 to 2019. A: 1508 to 2019, based on a CMSY assessment by Schijns et al. (2021); B: the same data, for 1950 to 2019, and emphasizing the trawler-induced collapse if cod biomass in the entire eastern Canadian region; C: biomass trend in an independent CMSY assessment of cod from the Southern Grand Banks-Southern Newfoundland (see Fig. 3B, C), validated by CPUE data (black dots with corresponding confidence intervals) documented for # 12 in Table I.
Figure 2 in The fisheries of the sea around Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: from cod to sea cucumber
Figure 2. – Principles of CMSY assessments. A: Sche- matic representation of a biomass trajectory, showing at first the limited effect of modest catches on a large biomass, then a large decline due to high, unsustain- able catches (see dotted red vertical lines in insert), not compensated any more by biomass growth, and which declines further after the catch is reduced to a lower level than previously, because the low biomass is now insufficient to sustain even such low catch levels. B: Catch of cod (Gadus morhua) from the Southern Grand Banks – Southern Newfoundland Marine Ecoregion from 1950 to 2019 used from a CMSY assessment (see # 12 in Tab. I). C: Showing the values (dark grey) of r and k, which lead to viable biomass trajectories. The blue cross (upper left) identifies the 'best' r & k pair without considering ancillary data, while the red cross (lower right) identifies the best pair when such data (CPUE data in this case) were also considered (see Table I and text).
Figure 1. – FAO Statistical Area 21, ranging approximately from 35 in The fisheries of the sea around Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: from cod to sea cucumber
Figure 1. – FAO Statistical Area 21, ranging approximately from 35 to 77.5 0N, and from 42 to 77.5 0E (6,293,000 km2), and encompassing the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (LME; dark grey; 664,700 km2) and the Southern Grand Banks- South Newfoundland Marine Ecoregion (light grey; 55,400 km2), slightly modified to fit inside the LME. The insert in the lower right corner shows the Exclusive Economic Zone of St Pierre and Miquelon (12,400 km2).
Figure 4. – Showing mean B in The fisheries of the sea around Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: from cod to sea cucumber
Figure 4. – Showing mean B/B0, i.e., the mean fraction of carrying capacity (≈ unfished biomass) of the exploited fish 'left' in FAO Area 21, by decade. Fishing in the early 1950s was mainly artisanal and involved mainly passive gear (trammel nets, traps, hooks and lines, etc.). Large bottom trawlers (mainly from Europe) began to operate in the region in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Figure 12 in French research on fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic, from its origins to the present
Figure 12. – Ifremer survey in 2021 on board a professional vessel to assess the sea cucumbers abundance in SaintPierre and Miquelon's EEZ using a dredge equipped with an underwater camera (Photo Ifremer).
Figure 3 in The fisheries of the sea around Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: from cod to sea cucumber
Figure 3. – Reconstructed catch and derived information of the fisheries of the Northwest Atlantic at 3 different geographic scales. A: Catch by countries in FAO Area 21, with insert showing the decline in the mean trophic level of the catch. B: Stock-status plot illustrating the changing status of 197 stocks. C and D: Same information, but for the Newfoundland -Labrador Shelf Ecosystem, with 95 stocks. E and F: Same information, but for the Southern Grand Banks – South Newfoundland Marine Ecoregion, with 79 stocks. Note the same patterns at all 3 scales.
Figure 5. – The aviso Ville d in French research on fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic, from its origins to the present
Figure 5. – The aviso Ville d'Ys, a stationary warship responsible for assisting French fishing vessels, was also observing hydrological conditions on the fishing Banks between the two-world war period.
Figure 3 in French research on fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic, from its origins to the present
Figure 3. – Maps of the French-Shore from 1713 to 1783 (A) and from 1783 to 1904 (B) (Source: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site: https://www.heritage.nf.ca/).
Figure 6 in The historic background and potential of sustainable small-scale fisheries and aquaculture in small islands: the case of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
Figure 6. – Volume of quotas exploited (in black) and unexploited (in grey) for the five groups of resources available for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (see Table I for details).
Figure 5 in The historic background and potential of sustainable small-scale fisheries and aquaculture in small islands: the case of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
Figure 5. – Marine fisheries catch in the sea area currently covered by the Exclusive Economic Zone of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, as reconstructed by the Sea Around Us from 1950 to 2019 (see www.seaaroundus.org). Note that these catches, which include discards and other neglected component of official statistics, are higher than the 'Reported catch' (black line). Note also the dominant role of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The scale at the bottom of this graph suggest that these data are moderately reliable.
Fig. 2 in Reproductive biology of Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829), the major fishery resource in Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Fig. 2. Number of Cetengraulis edentulus per size classes (mm) of total length (white column = female; black column = male) in Guanabara Bay.
Fig. 9 in Reproductive biology of Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829), the major fishery resource in Guanabara Bay, Brazil
Fig. 9. Mean values (± standard error) of the fullness index between months and seasons of Cetengraulis edentulus in Guanabara Bay.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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