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FIGURES 165–179 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 165–179. Habitus of Clinterocera (variation). 165–166, Clinterocera krikkeni new species (Guizhou, paratypes); 167–172, C. nigra (Taiwan, 169–171 photograph by Yi-Chia Qiu, greasy); 173–174, C. velutina new species (Hainan, China, allotype and paratype); 175, C. vietnamensis new species (Nha Trang, Vietnam, allotype); 176, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 177, C. yunnana (Guizhou, China); 179, C. yunnana (Hubei, China); 179, C. sinensis new species (Zhejiang, China, paratype).

FIGURE 1–5. FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURE 1–5. FIGURE 1. Composite illustration of tomentous areas on the dorsal surface of the Clinterocera jucunda species group. FIGURES 2–5. Mouthparts of the Clinterocera jucunda species group (example C. velutina new species). 2, epipharynx; 3, mandibles; 4, maxillae; 5, prementum.

FIGURES 6–27 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 6–27. Setiferous punctures on the pronotum and elytron of Clinterocera. 6–7, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 8–9, C. davidis; 10–11, C. donckieri; 12–13, C. jucunda; 14–15, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 16–17, C. nigra; 18–19, C. velutina new species (holotype); 20–21, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 22–23, C. yunnana; 24– 25, C. raui; 26–27, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 39–61 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 39–61. Metatibia and metatarsi of Clinterocera (male and female). 39. Clinterocera bicolor; 40–41, C. brevifasciata new species (holotype and paratype); 42–43, C. davidis. 44–45; C. donckieri; 46–47, C. jucunda; 48–49, C. krikkeni new species (holotype and paratype); 50–51, C. nigra; 52–53, C. velutina new species (holotype and paratype); 54– 55, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype and paratype); 56–57, C. yunnana; 58–59, C. raui; 60–61, C. sinensis new species (holotype and paratype).

FIGURES 194–199 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 194–199. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera davidis. 194–196, Habitat, ant nest, and Crematogaster ants in Mount Mangdangshan, Fujian, China; 197–199, pupa and adult in artificial conditions (from Mount Shiwandashan, Guangxi, China).

FIGURES 236–241 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 236–241. Habitat of Clinterocera yunnana. 236–237, Lindgren funnel trap installed at the edge of the forest in Mount Leigongshan, Guizhou, China; 238–239, an adult excavated from a rotten wood near Mount Gaoligonshan (Tengchong, Yunnan, China, photograph by Cong-Chao Dai); 240–241, an adult excavated from a nest of Lasius ants in Yuxian, Yunnan, China (photograph in artificial conditions).

FIGURES 112–135 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 112–135. Male habitus of Clinterocera (typical form), dorsal and ventral view. 112–113, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 114–115, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 116–117, C. donckieri (Guizhou, China); 118–119, C. jucunda (Chiang Rai, Thailand); 120–121, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 122–123, C. nigra (Taiwan); 124–125, C. velutina new species (holotype); 126–127, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 128–129, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 130–131, C. ishikawai (paratype); 132–133, C. raui (Hua Phan, Laos); 134–135, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 84–97 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 84–97. Type specimens of Clinterocera. 84–85, Clinterocera bicolor, female holotype and labels (photograph by Joachim Willers); 86–88, C. davidis, male lectotype (greasy) and labels (photograph by Antoine Mantilleri); 89–90, C. donckieri, male holotype and labels (photograph by Max Barclay); 91–92, C. cervenkai, male holotype and labels; 93. C. jucunda, illustrations of a syntype from Westwood (1873); 94–95, Callynomes humeralis, male lectotype and labels; 96–97, C. nigra, male holotype and labels (photograph by Shuhei Nomura).

FIGURES 218–226 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 218–226. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera velutina new species. 218–219, Adult in ant nest and Anoplolepis gracilipes ant (Mount Diaoluoshan, Hainan, China). 220–223, habitat, ant nest, adult in the ant nest, and Crematogaster ant (Danzhou, Hainan, China); 224–226, larva, pupa, and adult in artificial conditions (from Mount Diaoluoshan, Hainan, China).

FIGURES 62–83 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 62–83. Male genitalia of Clinterocera (apical and lateral view). 62–63, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 64–65, C. davidis; 66–67, C. donckieri; 68–69, C. jucunda; 70–71, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 72–73, C. nigra; 74–75, C. velutina new species (holotype); 76–77, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 78–79, C. yunnana; 80–81, C. raui; 82–83, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 210–217 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 210–217. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera velutina new species. 210, Forest in Mount Diaoluoshan, Hainan, China (photograph by Xin-Ran Li); 211, a closer view of habitat in rotten root colonized by ants (photograph by Xin- Ran Li); 212–215, larvae, pupal cell, pupa, and adult excavated from the rotten root; 216, Anoplolepis gracilipes ant; 217, Nylanderia ant.

Figure 5 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes

Figure 5. Phylogenetic relations of the ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2–LSU rDNA sequences of Opalinida by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The numbers at the nodes represent* respectively* the bootstrap support as computed from 1000 replicates for ML and maximum parsimony methods* and the posterior probability values of the Bayesian analysis. The tree is rooted considering the Protoopalina sequences at the basal position according to the results obtained in the phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rDNA sequences. New sequences are noted in bold.

Figure 4 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes

Figure 4. Opalinata subtree showing the results of the TimeTree analysis inferred by applying the RelTime method to the SSU rDNA phylogenetic tree calculated by the maximum parsimony method. Three sets of calibrations including a total of seven time points were combined to obtain the TimeTree (set A* 'sequence evolution'* included three calibration points with uniform distributions; set B* 'host class constraints'* included two maximum time calibration points; and set C* 'host family constraints'* included two maximum time calibration points; see main text for further details); diamonds indicate calibration points included within the Opalinata subtree. Divergence time estimates and their 95% credibility intervals (magenta bars) are indicated in each node. Images showing the evolution of continents are from Scotese (2016).

Figure 3. A in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes

Figure 3. A* phylogenetic relationships of the SSU rDNA sequences of Opalinata by maximum likelihood (ML) method. The Salpingoeca infusorium AF100941 sequence was used as an outgroup. The number at the nodes represent* respectively* the bootstrap support as computed from 1000 replicates for ML and maximum parsimony methods* and the posterior probability values of the Bayesian analysis. Dashes (–) indicate a different tree topology. The tree is drawn to scale* with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. New sequences are noted in bold. B* phylogenetic relationships of the SSU rDNA sequences of Opalinata by Bayesian inference; only the subtree corresponding to Opalinata is presented* showing the differences in the branching pattern with respect to the trees obtained by ML and maximum parsimony methods. The numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability values; the probabilities for the nodes without numbers are given in Figure 3A.

Figure 2. Proposed general secondary structure model for the ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes

Figure 2. Proposed general secondary structure model for the ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2–LSU rDNA of Opalinida* The expansion segments (ES#L) containing helices (in red) where there are important differences between genera are annotated. Colour code: yellow* ITS1 region; blue* 5.8S rRNA; magenta* ITS2 region; grey* LSU rRNA.

Figure 1 in A revised taxonomy and phylogeny of opalinids (Stramenopiles: Opalinata) inferred from the analysis of complete nuclear ribosomal DNA genes

Figure 1. Proposed general secondary structure model for the SSU rRNA of Opalinata (Proteromonadida and Opalinida). The expansion segments (ES#S) containing helices (in red) where there are important differences between genera are annotated.

FIGURE 11 in Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials

FIGURE 11. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) subdivergens (Mohrig & Mamaev). A: head, frontal view; B: hypopygium, ventral view; C: fourth antennal flagellomere; D: wing, dorsal view.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials

FIGURE 6. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) divergens (Mamaev). A: head, frontal view; B: hypopygium, ventral view; C: fourth antennal flagellomere; D: wing, dorsal view.

FIGURE 10 in Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials

FIGURE 10. Zygoneura (Zygoneura) motuoensis Shah & Huang sp. nov. A: head, frontal view; B: antennal flagellomeres; C: hypopygium, ventral view; D: megasetae / spines of gonostylus, ventral view.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials

FIGURE 4. Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev). i: slide, front side; ii: slide, flip side; A: habitus, lateral view; B: hypopygium, ventral view; C: antennal flagellomere.