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Dataset and code related to the publication "Aligning heat pump operation with market signals: A win-win scenario for the electricity market and its actors?"

<h3>General remarks</h3> This dataset and code was developed and used for the publication <blockquote> E. Sperber, C. Schimeczek, U. Frey, K. K. Cao, V. Bertsch: Aligning heat pump operation with market signals: A win-win scenario for the electricity market and its actors? In: Energy Reports, Volume 13, June 2025, pp. 491-513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.12.028 </blockquote> <h3>Data description</h3> The dataset "heat_pump_results.zip" includes all relevant results underlying the above publication.  The data is organized according to the scenarios considered in the analysis. Therefore, each folder is labelled according to the scenario structure, starting with the building efficiency scenario ("BAU" / "EFF"), followed by the PV scenario ("no-PV" / "with-PV"), the HP operation scenario ("ModFlex_V", "ModFlex_F", "HighFlex_V"), the simulation year (2030 / 2040) and the weather year (2017 / 2019 / 2023). Within each result directory per scenario, the data is further structured according to the results at the market level ("AMIRIS") and at the user level ("GAMS" and "INFLEX"). The "INFLEX" directory contains results for the inflexible reference operation, while the "GAMS" directory contains results for the cost-minimized heat pump operation at the level of building types. The data at the user level is further structured by location. Data is given in hourly resolution. The scenario evaluation indicators presented in the publication, as well as other indicators, are summarized in the "MPI" directory. Abbreviations used: <ul> <li>HP: heat pump</li> <li>SH: space heating</li> <li>DHW: domestic hot water</li> <li>AW: air/water</li> <li>BW: brine/water</li> <li>PV: photovoltaic</li> <li>Ti: indoor air temperature</li> <li>Ttes: temperature of domestic hot water storage tank</li> </ul> <h3>Code description</h3> The code to generate the results is given in "heat_pump_workflow.zip". Please follow the instructions in the README.md that you can find in this archive. <h3>Conctact</h3> Please contact Evelyn Sperber at evelyn.sperber@dlr.de if you have any questions.

Industrial application of Multi-Robot Partial Destructive Disassembly Line Balancing for Multi-Product Scenarios

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

Dataset for "Extended scenarios for solar radio emissions with downshifted electron beam plasma excitations"

Input data for the PIC simulation

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2024View details →

Uncertainty in Pedestrian Decision-Making in Urgent Scenarios Modulates Multi-Level Neural Hierarchies from Perception to Execution

In urgent traffic scenarios, pedestrians exhibit decision-making uncertainty, significantly influencing safe interaction dynamics with automated vehicles. However, the inherent mechanisms of such decision behavior remain inadequately understood. To address this gap, we designed dynamic interactive stimulus experiments to replicate pedestrian-vehicle interactions in urgent scenarios, incorporating spatiotemporal pressure and introducing substantial penalties for decision failures. We employed multimodal data analysis, including behavioral data, electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking data, to investigate the influence of urgency on uncertainty in decision-making and the underlying multi-level neural processes. Our findings demonstrate that as the urgency of the stimulus increases, humans adjust their decision objectives, resulting in an initial decrease followed by an increase in decision uncertainty when dealing with more urgent stimuli. Specifically, urgency augments top-down perceptual processes during the early perception stage. Such a mechanism implies an enhanced dependence on prior experiences for perceptual decision-making in high-urgency situations. While urgency accelerated motion preparation time during the decision-execution stage, it is noteworthy that the culmination of evidence accumulation (represented by the CPP peak) manifested later than the actual response. These results suggest that insufficient perceptual information and evidence accumulation may increase decision-making uncertainty. Our experimental study unveils a correlation between human decision-making uncertainty and scenario urgency, particularly within a defined urgency range.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Netzero2040: Reaching climate neutrality in Austria by 2040: engaging stakeholders for model-supported scenario development. Data repository

This repository contains scenario results in pyam format, qualitative scenario narratives and drivers identified by stakeholders for the NetZero2040 project. NetZero2040 developed the first independent scenarios achieving climate-neutrality in Austria by 2040. We improve on previous analyses by employing a structured co-creation process involving stakeholders and modellers, simultaneously modelling the whole energy system and the electricity system in great detail, creating shared visions of a climate-neutral future. Results are openly available and have been broadly disseminated in the scientific community and to the public. Our scenarios are differentiated by assumptions on energy demand and imports of energy carriers. They show that a rapid electrification of transport and heating, in combination with a build out rate of renewable energies which is well above historical maxima in the Austrian power system, allow significant emission reductions until 2030, and that these measures are consistently required in all scenarios. However, after 2030 scenarios diverge and uncertainty about the most cost-efficient transformation measures prevail.

The simulation data for paper: Permafrost response and feedback under temperature stabilization and overshoot scenarios with different global warming levels

Data description can be found in the accompanying <code>README.md</code>.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Biodiversity-productivity relationships in a natural grassland community vary under diversity loss scenarios

Understanding the biodiversity-productivity relationship and underlying mechanisms in natural ecosystems under realistic diversity loss scenarios remains a major challenge for ecologists despite its importance for predicting impacts of rapid loss of biodiversity worldwide. Here we report the results of a plant functional group (PFG) removal experiment conducted on the Mongolian Plateau, the largest remaining natural grassland in the world. Our results demonstrated that the biodiversity-productivity relationship varied among positive linear, neutral, and unimodal forms under different PFG loss patterns. Moreover, the form of this relationship with the same PFG loss pattern sometimes changed through time. The abundance of the remaining PFG(s) before removal and their compensation following the loss of other PFGs were two major mechanisms affecting the biodiversity-productivity relationship under diversity loss scenarios. The abundance effect promoted positive responses of productivity to biodiversity, but the compensation effect caused several biodiversity-productivity relationships, hinging on its direction (positive or negative) and strength. As indicated by the values of the compensation index, negative, zero and partial compensations contributed to the positive relationships, while full compensation resulted in a neutral relationship. Over-compensation at intermediate PFG richness levels created a unimodal curve in our system, but it could also lead to a negative linear relationship. Synthesis. Our experiment provides a vivid picture of how the form of the biodiversity-productivity relationship varies among different diversity loss patterns in a natural ecosystem. We argue that compensation by the remaining species, which is not revealed by synthesized biodiversity experiments, plays a critical role in shaping the form of this relationship when diversity is lost from existing systems. The direction and strength of compensation are highly dependent on extirpation scenarios. Thus, impacts of biodiversity loss on natural ecosystems are likely more complex than predicted by the canonical positive saturating curve obtained from the synthesized biodiversity experiments. We suggest that models forecasting the consequences of biodiversity declines on natural ecosystems should take into account diversity loss patterns and the ensuing compensation.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

SNSF Spark project "Sonic Imagination" – Video documentation of on-site scenarios and interview excerpts

We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that virtual sound sources in audio augmented environments are particularly suitable for triggering and directing imaginations within human inner perception. Our hypothesis was that the binaural listening to imaginary entities at the place of recording (so to speak 'in-situ') enhances the imagination in a special way, since sound as a non-visual medium favours the creation of images in human inner perception. We narrowed down our research question especially in regards to our practical experimentations to possible applications in areas that rely on the guided creation of individual or intersubjective imaginations, such as urban planning and scenario development, certain forms of trauma therapy, as well as audiovisual art and fiction. Further information:  <a href="https://www.ludwigzeller.net/projects/sonic-imagination/">https://www.ludwigzeller.net/projects/sonic-imagination/</a> <a href="https://p3.snf.ch/project-195868">https://p3.snf.ch/project-195868</a>

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Connectivity Matrices from biophysical modelling studies for A. millepora coral larvae in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia); present day and future scenarios

These data contain connectivity matrices from biophysical modelling simulations of the dispersal of Acropora millepora coral larvae in the southern Great Barrier Reef (Australia), under present-day and future climate scenarios. The connectivity matrices represent modelled strength of larval transfer from one reef to another, and were obtained using a coupled reef-scale, high-resolution, depth-integrated finite element hydrodynamic model (SLIM) of water currents in the Great Barrier Reef, and Individual-Based particle tracking module. Biological parameters to model larval acquisition and loss of competency and mortality were based on the results of experiments detailed in the related journal article. We include connectivity matrices for 2 different water temperature scenarios representing current and future climates, for three different recent spawning seasons (2008, 2009, 2010), and also for scenarios where low-frequency currents through the domain are modulated to mimic the likely effects from future changes to large-scale circulation extracted from CMIP5 global climate models. We also include files summarising the relative changes, per reef, to certain key connectivity metrics between the 2 temperature scenarios (dispersal distance, local retention, number of incoming connections, "source index", and present day "source index" - all metrics are defined in the related journal article and Methods section of this metadata), averaged over all 3 spawning seasons modelled, as plotted in Figs 1a-e in the related journal article. Additionally, we include a separate file summarising changes to reef recovery times following a disturbance to coral cover between the 2 temperature scenarios, per reef, as modelled using the meta-population model described in the related journal article, and as shown in Fig 2 of the article.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Biophysical effects of bioenergy crop cultivation scenarios on global land air temperature

Biophysical effects of different bioenergy crop cultivation scenarios on global land air temperature simulated by coupled IPSL-CM model, with ORCHIDEE-MICT-BIOENERGY as the land component and LMDz as the atmosphere component. The spatial resolution of the coupled model was 1.26° latitude × 2.5° longitude (i.e., 143*144 grid cells globally). Datasets includes: 1. Source data for global air temperature change in each grid from different scenarios based on the idealized cultivation map and the land cover type for the simulations. 2. Source data for global temperature change and its different contributors. 3. Source data for global temperature change in different regions. 4. Source data for global temperature change and different contributors in scenarios based on different cultivation maps.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Dataset underpinning "A pilot randomised trial of a brief virtual reality scenario in smokers unmotivated to quit: Assessing the feasibility of recruitment"

This is the dataset underpinning the manuscript titled "A pilot randomised trial of a brief virtual reality scenario in smokers unmotivated to quit: Assessing the feasibility of recruitment".

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Energy Scenarios Tool - JRC - data behind the tool

This dataset includes the data behind the JRC Energy Scenarios Tool that is available online on <a href="https://visitors-centre.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/media/tools/energy-scenarios-explore-future-european-energy">https://visitors-centre.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/media/tools/energy-scenarios-explore-future-european-energy</a>  The aim of this tool is to explain how energy is produced and used in the EU, today and in the future. The tool helps to understand the magnitude and speed of the projected changes, in other words, to understand the energy transition.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2021View details →

Global Transportation Demand Dataset using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) Scenario Framework

We use historical data for the land-based passenger (in passenger-kilometers (km)) across 38 countries and freight transport (in tonne-km) for 43 countries between 1990 and 2018 from the Transport Outlook of the International Transport Forum (ITF) transport database, to investigate the key drivers of transport energy demand source: ITF. (2019). ITF Transport Outlook 2019. ITF Transport Outlook 2019. <a href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/transport/itf-transport-outlook-2019_transp_outlook-en-2019-en">https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/transport/itf-transport-outlook-2019_transp_outlook-en-2019-en</a> We collect the historical socioeconomic variables from the World Bank’s global open data bank source: World Bank. (2020). Data Bank: World Development Indicators. <a href="https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators">https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators</a> For this scenario analysis, we rely on the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) from the IIASA database (Riahi et al., 2017). source: Riahi, K., van Vuuren, D. P., Kriegler, E., Edmonds, J., O’Neill, B. C., Fujimori, S., … Tavoni, M. (2017). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview. Global Environmental Change, 42, 153–168. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009</a> Available Online: <a href="https://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at/SspDb/dsd?Action=htmlpage&page=about">https://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at/SspDb/dsd?Action=htmlpage&page=about</a> The lack of data disaggregated by country and end-use sector in countries of interest was a significant drawback in the data collection process. We make a crucial assumption in this modeling exercise that historical demand profiles in developing countries track the global average per capita transport trends. Therefore, the resulting estimates are indicative and must be interpreted within this analysis's scope given the future is unknown and highly uncertain.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Interactive Elicitation of Resilience Scenarios based on Hazard Analysis Techniques: Supplementary Material

Supplementary material for: Sebastian Frank,  Alireza Hakamian,  Lion Wagner,  Dominik Kesim, Christoph Zorn,  Jóakim von Kistowski, and  André van Hoorn: Interactive Elicitation of Resilience Scenarios based on Hazard Analysis Techniques. Springer, 2022. This artifact includes the details of the scenarios and the chatbot-based elicitation tool and study described in the paper. Additional software artifacts are provided in a separate Code Ocean capsule: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.0520280.v1">https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.0520280.v1</a>

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Targeted grazing and mechanical thinning enhance forest stand resilience under a narrow range of wildfire scenarios

Increasing wildfire activity has spurred ecological resilience-based management that aims to reduce the vulnerability of forest stands to wildfire by reducing the probability of crown fire. Targeted grazing is increasingly being used to build forest resilience to wildfire, either on its own or in combination with treatments like mechanical thinning; however, it is unclear how effective this method is at altering the probability of crown fire in forest stands. We use crown fire simulation models to quantify to what extent targeted grazing, mechanical thinning targeting the vertical fuel stratum, and a combination of both treatments alter eastern ponderosa pine savanna stand resilience to wildfire by modelling their relative impacts on fuel stratum gap and subsequent crown fire occurrence under six different wildfire risk scenarios generated by altering wind and fuel moisture conditions. We then model changes in the probability of crown fire occurrence resulting from treatments across 75 field-sampled sites in the Pine Ridge region of Nebraska relative to predicted crown fire occurrence when sites are left untreated. We find that mechanical (vertical) thinning has the potential to alter the probability of crown fire in ponderosa pine stands to a much greater extent than targeted grazing. Combining both approaches had a slightly higher probability of reducing crown fire risk across the greatest range of wildfire risk scenarios. Across 75 sample sites, targeted grazing was only predicted to prevented crown fire occurrence at 2 sites expected to experience crown fire under observed stand conditions across all six of our wildfire risk scenarios. In contrast, targeted grazing combined with mechanical thinning was predicted to prevent crown fire at approximately half of the sites expected to experience crown fire under observed conditions under mild and moderate wildfire risk scenarios. Thus, targeted grazing should be combined with mechanical thinning to best enhance forest resilience to wildfire. No combination of targeted grazing or mechanical thinning was able to alter the probability of crown fire under wildfire risk scenarios most conducive wildfire, confirming that relying solely on vertical thinning and targeted grazing is unlikely to sufficiently enhance resilience of forest stands to future wildfire conditions.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Planning for Resilience: Incorporating scenario and model uncertainty and trade-offs when prioritizing management of climate refugia

Climate change has become the greatest threat to the world's ecosystems. Locating and managing areas that contribute to the survival of key species under climate change is critical for the persistence of ecosystems in the future. Here we identify "Climate Priority" sites as coral reefs exposed to relatively low levels of climate stress that will be more likely to persist in the future. We present the first analysis of uncertainty in climate change scenarios and models, along with multiple objectives, in a marine spatial planning exercise and offer a comprehensive approach to incorporating uncertainty and trade-offs in any ecosystem. We first described each site using environmental characteristics that are associated with a higher chance of persistence (larval connectivity, hurricane influence and acute and chronic temperature conditions in the past and the future). Future temperature increases were assessed using downscaled data under four different climate scenarios (SSP1 2.6, SSP2 4.5, SSP3 7.0 and SSP5 8.5) and 57 model runs. We then prioritized sites for intervention (conservation, improved management or restoration) using robust decision-making approaches that select sites that will have a benign climate under most climate scenarios and models. The modeling work is novel because it solves two important issues. 1) It considers trade-offs between multiple planning objectives explicitly through Pareto analyses; and 2) It makes use of all the uncertainty around future climate change. Priority intervention sites identified by the model were verified and refined through local stakeholder engagement including assessments of local threats, ecological condition and government priorities. The workflow is presented for the Insular Caribbean and Florida, and at the national level for Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic and Haiti. Our approach allows managers to consider uncertainty and multiple objectives for climate smart spatial management in coral reefs or any ecosystem across the globe.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Forest land under different scenarios of future global change

Forest loss is one of the most threats to biodiversity, forested lands drive a key role in the climate earth system that also affects species diversity and ecosystem services (Vale et al. 2021). Therefore, several initiatives had been driven to map land-use time series, mainly projections into the future (Chen et al. 2020 and reference therein). The availability of those products is valuable for earth science, ecology, conservation, and other research fields once land-use land-cover data are important predictors of species occurrence and biodiversity threat (Ruiz-Benito et al. 2020., Valet et al. 2021)  A recent land-use product called <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00669-x">GCAM-Demeter</a> presents the highest global spatial resolution (0.05 º) until now (Chen et al. 2020).  It provided current and future projections (2015-2100) under different scenarios of climate change (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) ) and according to the most recent framework of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The data in each year include grid-explicit fraction (in percent) of each of the 32 plant functional types (PFTs) that are widely used in current Earth system models. The complete dataset is available in five General Circulation Models (GCMs): gfdl, hadgem, ipsl, miroc, and noresm. Also includes the mean and standard deviation of those GCMs (Chen et al. 2020). Although the valuable contribution of the GCAM-Demeter to provide those data,  it is compressed in NetCDF format, a complex file format that needs management to become usable in several analyses, especially in ecology and biodiversity analyses (Vale et al., 2021 and reference therein). Here I managed the outputs of the mean of five GCMs (harmonized projection)  based on  the sum analysis of plant functional types considering: 1- Global Extent at 0.05-degree resolution  2- Years 2020, 2030 and 2050 3- SSPs and RCP as follow: SSP1_RCP2, SSP2_RCP45, SSP4_RCP6, SSP5_RCP85 The goals are to assess quantitatively the forest lands under different scenarios of global change and make these data available in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF)  which is a more friendly and useable format to incorporate in several spatial analyses, mainly in ecology and biodiversity studies for conservation purposes. Methods I downloaded the GCAM-Demeter NetCDF files  (the outputs of the mean of five GCMs and the first version, i.e the harmonized projection)  freely available at <a href="https://release.datahub.pnnl.gov/released_data/1190">DataHub</a> (Chean et al. 2020).  I selected, extracted, and performed the sum analysis of  plant functional types (codes PTF1 to PTF11- described in README attached) considering: 1- Global Extent at 0.05-degree resolution  2- Years 2020, 2030 and 2050 3- SSPs and RCP as follow: SSP1_RCP2, SSP2_RCP45, SSP4_RCP6, SSP5_RCP85 The data manipulation and analysis were done using ncdf4 and raster packages in the R environment (R Core Team 2020, Pierce 2019; Hijmans et al. 2020).  The outputs range from 0 to 100 and can be identified by their file name, for example: 2020_SSP5_RCP85_Forest_GCAM-Demeter_GCMsMean_Harmonized.tif . Also, outputs are provided in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) which is a more friendly and useable format (Vale et al. 2021 and references therein). The methods and the quantitative results for forested areas are detailed better in the <a href="https://github.com/Tai-Rocha/Forest_Scenarios.github.io">GitHub repository</a> . Acknowledgments. This initiative was possible due to the high-quality data maintained and made publicly available by GCAM-Demeter authors.  Also,  the study  was developed within the scope of the Earth System Modeling Program funded by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement  of  Higher  Education  Personnel  -  Grant  No. 88887.373031/2019-00)    References Chen, M., Vernon, C. R., Graham, N. T., Hejazi, M., Huang, M., Cheng, Y., & Calvin, K. (2020). Global land use for 2015–2100 at 0.05 resolution under diverse socioeconomic and climate scenarios. Scientific Data, 7(1), 1-11.  Hijmans, R. J. (2020). raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling (R package version 3.3-13)[Computer software]. Retrieved form https://CRAN. R-project. org/package= raster. Pierce, D. (2019). ncdf4: Interface to Unidata netCDF (Version 4 or earlier) Format Data Files. R package version 1.16. Ruiz-Benito P, Vacchiano G, Lines ER, Reyer CP, Ratcliffe S, Morin X, Hartig F, Mäkelä A, Yousefpour R, Chaves JE, Palacios-Orueta A. Available and missing data to model impact of climate change on European forests. Ecological Modelling. 2020 Jan 15;416:108870. Team, R. C. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vale, M. M., Lima-Ribeiro, M. S., & Rocha, T. C. (2021). GLOBAL LAND-SE AND LAND-COVER DATA: HISTORICAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS. Biodiversity Informatics, 16, 2021, pp. 28-38.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

A flexible method for estimating tip diversification rates across a range of speciation and extinction scenarios

Estimates of diversification rates at the tips of a phylogeny provide a flexible approach for correlation analyses with multiple traits and to map diversification rates in space, while also avoiding the uncertainty of deep time rate reconstructions. Available methods for tip rate estimation make different assumptions, and thus their accuracy usually depends on characteristics of the underlying model generating the tree. Here we introduce MiSSE, a trait-free, state-dependent speciation and extinction approach that can be used to estimate varying speciation, extinction, net-diversification, turnover rates, and extinction fraction at the tips of the tree. We compare the accuracy of tip rates inferred by MiSSE against similar methods and demonstrate that, due to certain characteristics of the model, the error is generally low across a broad range of speciation and extinction scenarios. MiSSE can be used alongside regular phylogenetic comparative methods in trait related diversification hypotheses, and we also describe a simple correction to avoid pseudoreplication from sister tips in analyses of independent contrasts. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of MiSSE, with a renewed focus on classic comparative methods, to examine correlation between plant height and turnover rates in eucalypts, a species-rich lineage of flowering plants.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Drones' footage of a search-and-rescue exercise scenario (at seaside)

This dataset is collected during a search-and-rescue exercise scenario in the framework of the ARTION project. The operation took place on the 13th of February 2022 at the seaside of Agios Georgios Pegeias near the city of Pathos. in Cyprus. The exercise was organized and conducted by the Cyprus Civil Defence and data collection was performed by the KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence of the University of Cyprus. The dataset consists of raw video files (.mp4) captured by drones.