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108 results for “Gut bacteria”
Septicemia of Subterranean Termites Coptotermes curvignathus Caused by Disturbance of Bacteria Isolated from Termite Gut and Its Foraging Pathways
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An evolution-based framework for describing human gut bacteria
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Data from: Hibernation alters the diversity and composition of mucosa-associated bacteria while enhancing antimicrobial defense in the gut of 13-lined ground squirrels
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Data from: Metabolically similar cohorts of bacteria exhibit strong co-occurrence patterns with diet items and eukaryotic microbes in lizard guts
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Diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in gut bacteria of turtle ants
<p class="Standard"><span>In insect-microbe nutritional symbioses the gut symbionts supplement the host diet with nutrients by producing amino acids and vitamins or by degrading lignin or polysaccharides macromolecules. In multipartite mutualisms composed of multiple symbionts from different taxonomical orders, it has been suggested that beside the genes involved in the nutritional symbiosis the symbionts maintain genes responsible for the production of metabolites putatively playing a role in the maintenance and interaction of the bacterial communities living in close proximity. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) producing different non-primary metabolites in the genomes and metagenomes of the conserved gut symbionts associated with the herbivorous turtle ants (genus: <i>Cephalotes</i>). We studied 17 <i>Cephalotes</i> species collected across several geographical areas to reveal that (i) mining metagenomes and genomes show complementary results demonstrating the robustness of this approach to retrieve BGCs, (ii) the conserved gut symbionts involved in the nutritional symbiosis have a high diversity of BGCs of different chemical families, (iii) the phylogenetic analysis of BGCs encoding the production of arylpolyenes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRP), polyketides (PK), and siderophores shows high similarity between BGCs of a single symbiont across different ant host species, and between BGCs originated from different bacterial orders within a single host species. These findings together suggest multiple mechanisms of bacterial genome conservation and evolution of BGCs. We document the occurrence, diversity, and similarity of BGCs in the genome of obligate gut bacteria involved in multipartite mutualisms across the phylogeny of turtle ants.</span></p>
Data from: Earthworms and cadmium – heavy metal resistant gut bacteria as indicators for heavy metal pollution in soils?
Preservation of the soil resources stability is of high importance for ecosystems, particularly in the current era of environmental change, which presents a severe pollution burden (e.g. by heavy metals) to soil fauna. Gut microbiomes are becoming recognized as important players in organism health, with comprehension of their perturbations in the polluted environment offering new insights into the nature and extent of heavy metal effects on the health of soil biota. Our aim was to investigate the effect of environmentally relevant heavy metal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) on the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) gut microbiota. Our results revealed that Cd exposure led to perturbations of earthworm gut microbiota with an increase in bacteria previously described as heavy metal resistant or able to bind heavy metals, revealing the potential of the earthworm-gut microbiota system in overcoming human-caused heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, an 'indicator species analysis' linked the bacterial genera Paenibacillus, Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas, with Cd treatment, suggesting these bacterial taxa as biomarkers of exposure in earthworms inhabiting Cd-stressed soils. The results of this study help to understand the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on soil fauna health and will have implications for environmental monitoring and protection of soil resources.
Data from: The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia
Although the gut microbiome influences numerous aspects of organismal fitness, its role in animal evolution and the origin of new species is largely unknown. Here we present evidence that beneficial bacterial communities in the guts of closely related species of the genus Nasonia form species-specific phylosymbiotic assemblages that cause lethality in interspecific hybrids. Bacterial constituents and abundance are irregular in hybrids relative to parental controls, and antibiotic curing of the gut bacteria significantly rescues hybrid survival. Moreover, feeding bacteria to germ-free hybrids reinstates lethality and recapitulates the expression of innate immune genes observed in conventionally reared hybrids. We conclude that in this animal complex, the gut microbiome and host genome represent a coadapted "hologenome" that breaks down during hybridization, promoting hybrid lethality and assisting speciation.
Data from: Humoral immune responses against gut bacteria In dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is associated with clinical signs of intestinal dysfunction, as well as abnormal lymphocytic and myeloid cell infiltrates in the small and/or large intestine. Thus, in many respects IBD in dogs resembles IBD in humans. However, the factors that trigger intestinal inflammation in dogs with IBD are not well understood and have been variously attributed to immune responses against dietary antigens or intestinal antigens. Previous studies in humans with IBD have documented increased production of IgG and IgA antibodies specific to intestinal bacteria, and this abnormal immune response has been linked to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the humoral immune response against gut bacteria in dogs with IBD, using flow cytometry to quantitate IgG and IgA binding. Studies were also done to investigate the source of these antibodies (locally produced versus systemic production) and whether greater antibody binding to bacteria is associated with increased inflammatory responses. We found that dogs with IBD had significantly higher percentages and overall amounts of IgG bound to their intestinal bacteria compared to healthy dogs. Similarly, significantly higher percentages of bacteria were IgA+ bacteria were also found in dogs with IBD. Serum antibody recognition of gut bacteria was not different between healthy dogs and dogs with IBD, suggesting that anti-bacterial antibodies were primarily produced locally in the gut rather than systemically. Importantly, bacteria in the Actinobacteria phylum and in particular the genus Collinsella had significantly greater levels of antibody binding in dogs with IBD. Based on these findings, we concluded that antibody binding to commensal gut bacteria was significantly increased in dogs with IBD, that particular phyla were preferential targets for gut antibodies, and that anti-bacterial antibody responses may play an important role in regulating gut inflammation.
The battle between gut bacteria, immune system and Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella.
<p><span>Research into the interaction between </span><em><span>Bacillus thuringiensis</span></em> <span>(Bt) and pest has primarily focused on the Cry toxin receptor, relatively less attention has been paid towards the role of the gut bacteria, particularly the mechanism on how insect gut bacteria affect its sensitivity to Bt. Addressing this gap could provide valuable insights for pest control strategies. This study analyzed the variances of gut microbiota between Cry1Ac-resistant and sensitive strains of </span><em><span>Plutella xylostella</span></em><span>, as well as field populations. From their gut microbiota, one strain (</span><em><span>Enterobacter asburiae</span></em><span>, PxG1) that significantly increased and another strain (</span><em><span>Enterobacter hormaechei</span></em><span>, PxG15) that significantly decreased the Cry1Ac susceptibility of </span><em><span>P. xylostella</span></em> <span>were isolated and cultured. PxG15 degraded Cry1Ac protoxin and activated the proPO-AS and JNK pathway, which reduced Cry1Ac</span><span>’</span><span>s damage to the midgut while limiting the invasion of gut bacteria into the hemolymph. Although PxG1 rapidly activated the proPO-AS, the JNK pathway was activated in a much slower and weaker mode when compared to PxG15, which attenuated the repairing efficiency of midgut under the treatment of Cry1Ac, leading to death resulted from sepsis from the quick invasion of gut bacteria into the hemolymph. This study illustrates the intricate interrelationships among Cry1Ac toxins, the pest's midgut bacteria, and its immune system. Different midgut bacteria exhibited distinct interactions with the Cry1Ac toxin and the immune system, resulting in opposing effects on the virulence of Cry1Ac on pests. These findings provide new insights into the role of gut bacteria in influencing the survival of Lepidoptera pest after exposure to Cry1Ac.</span></p>
MAGs associated with Rare transmission of commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiome of hospitalized adults
<p>Assembled genomes from microbiome samples from HCT patients.</p>
Removal of gut symbiotic bacteria negatively affects life history traits of the shield bug, Graphosoma lineatum
<p><span>Bacterial Symbionts play an important biological role in their host. <i>G. lineatum</i> harbor bacterial symbiont in the enclosed crypts of the midgut. It seems that the bacterial symbiont play important role in the insect. Therefore, in this study, the role of bacterial symbiont in the shield bug, <i>Graphosoma lineatum</i> (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) was investigated. To do this symbiont elimination was performed using surface sterilization of the eggs. Then, we utilized <span>age-stage, two-sex life table analysis</span> to confirm the biological importance of bacterial symbiont in <i>G. lineatum</i>. According to our results symbiont removal had a significantly negative effect on the biology of the insect. These results clearly indicate this symbiont is essential for normal growth and reproduction.</span></p>
Fig. 4 in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) survival, immune response, and gut bacteria changes afer exposure to Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) volatiles
Fig. 4. Dose-response test using dried neem leaves and 5 doses. In brief, 60 neonates of the NL or Gto strain in a 1 L container with artificial diet were placed aside the dried neem leaves inside an airtight plastic box, and were examined afer 7 d incubation. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation of 2 replicate experiments per treatment.
Fig. 5 in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) survival, immune response, and gut bacteria changes afer exposure to Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) volatiles
Fig. 5. Transcription of selected immune and chemical resistance markers and the ribosomal protein S5 gene from rRNA samples of Trichoplusia ni NL strain larval midguts, dissected from unexposed (control) larvae or larvae exposed to 10 g of neem leaves, determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). A) DNA amplification bands as detected by RT-PCR in agarose gels; B) DNA density estimated values in units compared with the ribosomal protein S5 band using the image sofware Image J, where bars on each column represent the standard error value from 3 replicate samples.
Data from: The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia
Although the gut microbiome influences numerous aspects of organismal fitness, its role in animal evolution and the origin of new species is largely unknown. Here we present evidence that beneficial bacterial communities in the guts of closely related species of the genus Nasonia form species-specific phylosymbiotic assemblages that cause lethality in interspecific hybrids. Bacterial constituents and abundance are irregular in hybrids relative to parental controls, and antibiotic curing of the gut bacteria significantly rescues hybrid survival. Moreover, feeding bacteria to germ-free hybrids reinstates lethality and recapitulates the expression of innate immune genes observed in conventionally reared hybrids. We conclude that in this animal complex, the gut microbiome and host genome represent a coadapted "hologenome" that breaks down during hybridization, promoting hybrid lethality and assisting speciation.
Development of an in vitro model of the gut microbiota enriched in mucus-adhering bacteria
<p>16S rRNA gene sequencing data in FASTQ format</p>
Effects of Lubiprostone on Small Bowel and Colonic Bacteria: A Correlation Study With Segmental and Whole Gut Transit
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00844831. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters in gut bacteria of turtle ants
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The hologenomic basis of speciation: gut bacteria cause hybrid lethality in the genus Nasonia
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Humoral immune responses against gut bacteria In dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.