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Figure 4. A in Seasonal hormones, female reproductive tract changes, and some field observations on breeding activities of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) from its native range of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan

Figure 4. A) Foot prints of small Indian mongoose established around its burrow, B) Especially designed mesh trap for live capturing of the species, C) Placental Scars, D) Developing embryos inside the uteri of female mongoose exposed after dissection, E) A vigilant mongoose, F) Small Indian mongoose and her pups caught in a live trap

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Seasonal hormones, female reproductive tract changes, and some field observations on breeding activities of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) from its native range of Potohar Plateau, Pakistan

Figure 2. Levels (mIU/mL) of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma samples of small Indian mongoose females (Herpestes javanicus) trapped on the Potohar Plateau. LH levels show 2 peaks (1 in September 2012 and 1 in March 2013).

Figure 5 in Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of some edible fish species along the Turkish coast

Figure 5. Spectra of the μ-Raman analysis and photographs of 3 of the most common plastic fragments extracted from the GITs of edible fish species collected from Turkish marine waters.

Figure 4 in Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of some edible fish species along the Turkish coast

Figure 4. Percentage of MPs in the GITs of fish species and their locations. The % values give the percentage of individuals with (number of individuals with Mps) species MPs in the GIT for each species (% = x 100) species (total number of fish)

Figure 1 in Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of some edible fish species along the Turkish coast

Figure 1. Locations of the collected fish species. For the Marmara Sea: Lat: 41.021936, Long: 28.973629; Lat: 41.233692, Long: 29.115310; for the Aegean Sea: Lat: 38.455082, Long: 27.094317; for the Eastern Mediterranean: Lat: 36.766581, Long: 35.792882

Figure 2 in Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of some edible fish species along the Turkish coast

Figure 2. MPs in fish species caught from the Northeastern Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara seas and the average concentration of MPs at each location.

Figure 2 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 2. Examples of fish species collected and some of the microplastic items found in these species.

Figure 1 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 1. Location of fish sampling; upper Ban Tam stream (ST1, 19.218890, 99.752027, 528 m a.s.l.), middle Ban Tam stream (ST2, 19.232346, 99.765564, 481 m a.s.l.), Kwan Phayao reservoir (ST3, 19.120415, 99.946195, 391 m a.s.l.), and Nong Leng Sai reservoir (ST4, 19.391076, 99.819014, 398 m a.s.l.).

Figure 7 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 7. Comparison of abundance of plastics among fishes from different habit groups (herbivorous, carnivorous, omnivorous, and scavenger).

Figure 6 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 6. Pearson correlation between fish body weight and length and MP abundance of fish samples (n=166). Linear regression analysis for number of microplastic with fish body weight (a), and body length.

Figure 3 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 3. Abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of fish species collected from freshwater habitats in northern Thailand.

Figure 4 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 4. Photographs showing different morphotypes, sizes, and colors of microplastics obtained from fish.

Figure 10 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 10. FTIR spectra of the representative microplastic found in freshwater fish samples. Possible types are identified according to peak position of the spectra. a) polyethylene; b) polyethylene terephthalate; c) polyvinyl acetate; d) poly (methyl phenyl siloxane); e) poly (methyl vinyl ether); f) polybutadiene; g) polypropylene; h) poly (ethylene-copropylene); i) poly (ethylene glycol) tetrahydrofurfuryl ether; j) poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene); k) polyvinylidene fluoride.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2021View details →

Fig. 2. A in Digestive tract nematode infections in non-native invasive American mink with the first molecular identification of Molineus patens

Fig. 2. A phylogram based on the small subunit of 18S rRNA nuclear gene fragments for the 58 sequences obtained from the parasites isolated from different parts of the American mink digestive tract: s – stomach; d – duodenum; si – small intestine (bold – Aonchtheca putorii, navy blue and bold – Molineus patens) and sequences achieved from GeneBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/) (in italics) of the other 8 Trichuridae species (phylum Nematoda). All newly achieved sequences are in bold (details in Appendix 1, Fig. S2). The evolutionary relationships of the taxa were implied using the maximum likelihood estimation method (Tamura and Nei, 1993) embedded in MEGA6 software (Tamura et al., 2013). The tree with the highest log likelihood (– 1262.9129) is shown. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum composite likelihood method (Tamura et al., 2004) and are expressed as a number of base substitutions per site. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 456 positions in the final dataset.

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Fig. 1 in Digestive tract nematode infections in non-native invasive American mink with the first molecular identification of Molineus patens

Fig. 1. Relation between the number of nematodes in the stomach of American mink and the number of nematodes in other parts of the digestive tract (duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine).

FIGURE 4 in Morphological study of the digestive tract of the cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 4 | Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) microphotographs of the digestive tract of Paracheirodon axelrodi. A-B. SEM view of mucosal surface showing a polyhedral surface of the epithelial cells in two different sections of the stomach. C. SEM view of mucosal surface of the intestine showing the brush border (Bb) present in the apical portion of the epithelium and abundant mucous secretion (red asterisk) from the GCs. D. Detail with higher magnification of C, in which the Bb is better defined.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological study of the digestive tract of the cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 3 | Histological sections of the digestive tract of Paracheirodon axelrodi, stained with Masson Trichrome (MT) (A,B,F,G), Periodic AcidSchiff (PAS) (C) and Alcian Blue (AB) (D,E). A. Cross section of the pyloric portion of the stomach, showing the CE mucosa and a layer of loose connective tissue (asterisk) under the epithelium. Note the absence of GG and a great development of the inner circular layer of SM. B. Cross section of a pyloric cecum, showing mucosal CE cells arranged in a brush border fashion and with numerous folds, and a thin layer of SM. Part of the pyloric stomach can be seen in the upper right corner. A portion of the pancreas (P) can be seen in the upper and lower corners. C. Cross section of intestine showing the PAS positive goblet cells (GCs) (arrowheads) with cytoplasm filled with glycoconjugates. The PAS reaction for neutral glycoconjugates produces an intense purple stain in the mucous granules of GCs and emphasizes the brush border of the enterocytes (arrow). D-E. Pyloric cecum (D) and intestine (E) showing AB positive GCs, with a similar distribution pattern in the epithelium. Thanks to the AB technique for acid mucosubstances, GCs show a strong positive blue staining. F. Pancreas section. The exocrine pancreas is formed by acini (segmented line), which are made up of a group of pyramidal-shaped secretory cells, called acinar cells. Towards the central part of the acinus, a small afferent vein is observed (white arrow). A prominent feature of acinar cells is the presence in their apical regions of aggregated bright eosinophilic zymogen granules (asterisk) that face the narrow lumen. The endocrine pancreas is formed by the Islets of Langerhans (IsL) composed of small cells with a pale-stained granular cytoplasm, in contrast to the larger acinar cells of the exocrine gland, which stain more strongly. On the left is a pancreatic duct (black star) with simple cuboidal epithelium. G. Liver (L) and pancreas (P) section. Many fish livers contain diffuse exocrine pancreatic tissue and are therefore called hepatopancreas. The liver showed polyhedral hepatocytes (asteriks) with a granular and poorly stained cytoplasm, the nuclei are spherical and centrally located presenting well delineated nucleoli. On the left is the smooth muscle layer (SM) of a portion of the intestine. CE, simple columnar epithelium; GCs, goblet cells; GG, gastric glands; SM, smooth muscle.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological study of the digestive tract of the cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 2 | Histological sections of the digestive tract of Paracheirodon axelrodi, stained with Masson Trichrome. A. Longitudinal section of pharynx, showing a mucosa with a stratified squamous epithelium (SS) and underneath this, a layer of loose connective tissue and a thin inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of striated muscle (StM). Pharyngeal teeth (arrows) and taste buds (arrowheads) were observed. B. Cross section of the esophageal mucosa with multiple foldings, composed by a pseudostratified epithelium (PE) and abundant mucous cells. A layer of loose connective tissue was observed, surrounded by a muscular tunica with an inner longitudinal and an external circular layer of StM. C. Detail of B showing pseudostratified epithelium (PE) with abundant mucous cells, a dense septum of connective tissue and external circular layer of StM. D. Transverse section of the first portion of the stomach. where a simple columnar epithelium (CE) formed by a layer of secreting mucus cells, short gastric glands (GG) and a circular layer of StM are observed. E. Transverse section of the fundic stomach which presents a simple columnar epithelium (CE) and long ramified gastric glands (GG) surrounded by a loose connective tissue. The muscular layer at this point contained two sublayers of smooth muscle (SM), a circular inner layer and an outer longitudinal layer. F. Detail of E showing GG composed by oxintopeptics cells (black arrow). G. Detail of E showing CE as a layer of secreting mucus cells. Asterisk, loose connective tissue; CE, simple columnar epithelium; GG, gastric glands; PE, pseudostratified epithelium; SM, smooth muscle; StM, striated muscle.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological study of the digestive tract of the cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 1 | Paracheirodon axelrodi, anatomical arrangement of the digestive tract. A. Left lateral view of the digestive tract under stereoscope showing pyloric caeca (Pc), stomach (St), intestine (i), hindgut (h). B. Schematic representation of the left lateral view of the digestive tract showing the curvatures of the intestine. The most anterior portion of the intestine presents the first dorso-lateral curve (1), from which the six pyloric caeca are observed. At the second curve (2), the intestine was followed by a posterior extension that lay over the stomach. From this point posteriorly, it developed in an anterodorsal direction, on the left side of the stomach. The intestine is followed by a third curve (3) in a posteroventral direction. a → p, antero-posterior axes.