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97 results for “behavioral patterns”
FIG. 4 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 4.—Courtship in Desmognathus organi. (a) During bite and seize (bas) the male (foreground) holds the female̕s tail base in his jaws. The female holds her chin on the male̕s tail base in an apparent attempt to elicit tail-straddling walk. (b) During spermatophore deposition (SD), the male (right) aligns his hind limbs perpendicular to his body (align). Position of spermatophore indicated with ^. The female holds her chin over his undulating tail base in TSW position. (c) The male has moved forward after SD and has helped positioned the female over the spermatophore. The female has now departed from the spermatophore (base visible above the ^), while the male continues to arch his tail and extend on his hind limbs (extend).
FIG. 5 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 5.—Olfactory pheromone delivery during turning back to the female (tbf) in Plethodon shermani (from Arnold 1976). (1) The dotted arrow shows the path of the male̕s head as he turns back towards the female during tailstraddling walk (TSW). (2) The path of the male̕s head as he slaps his mental gland across the female̕s nares. (3) The solid arrow shows the path of the male̕s head as he returns to TSW position. A video of a similar sequence is cataloged in Appendix S2.
FIG. 8 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 8.—The evolutionary origin and loss of key courtship traits in the genus Desmognathus. Character origins are shown with solid rectangles; losses are shown with open rectangles: tbf ¼ turning back towards the female, tpd ¼ transdermal pheromone delivery (tpd1 and tpd2), ps ¼ pulling and snapping, rfh ¼ rub female head, bas ¼ bite and seize, fm ¼ forelimb movement, and fs ¼ forelimb strokes. Small solid circle denotes branch of origin for adjacent trait box. The time of origin or loss for each trait is bounded by the times at the ends of the branch on which it resides. Time-calibrated phylogeny based on Kozak et al. (2009); time scale shown in millions of years.
FIG. 3 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 3.—Transdermal pheromone delivery in Eurŋcea aeilderae during an underwater courtship (from Arnold 1977). (A) Ventral view of the male̕s mental gland (MG), also showing three premaxillary teeth protruding through his upper lip. (B) The male̕s head during pulling, showing the backward motion that he uses to abrade the female̕s epidermis. (C) The male̕s position during pulling. The female is shaded. This image is based on a video recording cataloged in Appendix S2.
FIG. 1 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 1.—Modular analysis of courtship in Rhŋacotriton and plethodontids. Modules are labeled: AP ¼ approach, HC ¼ head contact, TSW ¼ tailstraddling walk, SD ¼ spermatophore deposition, and POS ¼ positioning. Courtship sequences flow from left to right (as indicated by large arrows) and from top to bottom within modules. Behaviors shown in the same color occur in the same temporal context. Behaviors shown with different shades of the same color occur in a predictable sequence; those in lighter shades occurring earlier than those shown in darker shades. See Fig. 2 for inventory of behavior by module and submodule.
"Sleep Patterns and EEG Structure in Youth With Autism: Links With Behavior and Parental Stress"
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07122388. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Genetic and behavioral factors affecting interpopulation color pattern variation in two congeneric chameleon species
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Complex relationship between tunneling patterns and individual behaviors in termites
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Data from: Investigating behavioral drivers of seasonal Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli (STEC) patterns in grazing cattle using an agent-based model
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Data from: The interplay among acorn abundance and rodent behavior drives the spatial pattern of seedling recruitment in mature Mediterranean oak forests
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Data from: Differing patterns of plant spinescence affect blue duiker (Bovidae: Philantomba monticola) browsing behavior and intake rates
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Patterns of Thermal Sensitivity and Sex-Specificity of Courtship Behavior Differs Between Two Sympatric Species of Enchenopa Treehopper
<p> </p> <p>Predicting how insects will react to future thermal conditions requires understanding how temperature currently affects insect behavior, from performance traits to those involved in mating and reproduction. Many reproductive behaviors are thermally-sensitive, but little is known how temperature affects the behaviors used to find mates and coordinate mating. Here, we investigate how temperature influences courtship activity in two sympatric species of <i>Enchenopa </i>treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). <i>Enchenopa </i>use substrate-borne vibrational signals exchanged in male-female duets to facilitate pair formation prior to mating. In a controlled laboratory setting, we assessed the likelihood of males and females to produce courtship signals across a range of ecologically relevant temperatures. We found that changes in courtship activity across temperatures differed between the two species. We also found sex differences within species: in one species males were more likely to signal at higher temperatures, while in the other species females were more likely to signal at higher temperatures. Our results suggest that sex-specific responses to temperature may constrain mating to narrower ranges of temperatures. Furthermore, sympatric species may respond differently to changes in thermal variation despite sharing similar climactic history.<br> </p>
Data from: Sympatry predicts spot pigmentation patterns and female association behavior in the livebearing fish Poeciliopsis baenschi
In this study, we explored the possibility that differences in pigmentation patterns among populations of the fish Poeciliopsis baenschi were associated with the presence or absence of the closely related species P. turneri. If reproductive character displacement is responsible, spotting patterns in these two species should diverge in sympatry, but not allopatry. We predicted that female P. baenschi from sympatric sites should show a preference for associating with conspecifics vs. heterospecific males, but females from allopatric sites should show no such preferences. To evaluate these predictions, we compared spotting patterns and female association behaviors in populations of P. baenschi from Central Mexico. We found that both of our predictions were supported. Poeciliopsis baenschi that co-occured with P. turneri had spotting patterns significantly different than their counterparts from allopatric sites. Using a simultaneous choice test of video presentations of males, we also found that female P. baenschi from populations that co-occured with P. turneri spent significantly more time with males of their own species than with P. turneri males. In contrast, females from allopatric populations of P. baenschi showed no differences in the amount of time they spent with either conspecific or heterospecific males. Together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive character displacement may be responsible for behavioral and spotting pattern differences in these populations of P. baenschi.
Data from: Complex economic behavior patterns are constructed from finite, genetically controlled modules of behavior
Complex ethological behaviors could be constructed from finite modules that are reproducible functional units of behavior. Here, we test this idea for foraging and develop methods to dissect rich behavior patterns in mice. We uncover discrete modules of foraging behavior reproducible across different strains and ages, as well as nonmodular behavioral sequences. Modules differ in terms of form, expression frequency, and expression timing and are expressed in a probabilistically determined order. Modules shape economic patterns of feeding, exposure, activity, and perseveration responses. The modular architecture of foraging changes developmentally, and different developmental, genetic, and parental effects are found to shape the expression of specific modules. Dissecting modules from complex patterns is powerful for phenotype analysis. We discover that both parental alleles of the imprinted Prader-Willi syndrome gene Magel2 are functional in mice but regulate different modules. Our study found that complex economic patterns are built from finite, genetically controlled modules.
Data from: Behavior influences range limits and patterns of coexistence across an elevational gradient in tropical birds
Does competition influence patterns of coexistence between closely related taxa? Here we address this question by analyzing patterns of range overlap between related species of birds ("sister pairs") co-occurring on a tropical elevational gradient. We explicitly contrast the behavioral dimension of interspecific competition (interference competition) with similarity in resource acquisition traits (exploitative competition). Specifically, we ask whether elevational range overlap in 118 sister pairs that live along the Manu Transect in southeastern Peru is predicted by proxies for competition (intraspecific territorial behavior) or niche divergence (beak divergence and divergence times, an estimate of evolutionary age). We find that close relatives that defend year-round territories tend to live in non-overlapping elevational distributions, while close relatives that do not defend territories tend to broadly overlap in elevational distribution. In contrast, neither beak divergence nor evolutionary age was associated with patterns of range limitation. We interpret these findings as evidence that behavioral interactions⎯particularly direct territorial aggression⎯can be important in setting elevational range limits and preventing coexistence of closely related species, though this depends upon the extent to which intraspecific territorial behavior can be extended to territorial interactions between species. Our results suggest that interference competition can be an important driver of species range limits in diverse assemblages, and thus highlight the importance of considering behavioral dimensions of the niche in macroecological studies.
Parkinson's disease-related brain metabolic patterns and neurodegeneration in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
<p><span><b>Objective</b>: To elucidate the role of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related brain metabolic patterns as a biomarker in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) for future disease conversion.</span></p> <p><span><b>Method</b>: This is a prospective cohort study consisting of 30 iRBD patients, 25 de novo PD patients with a premorbid history of RBD, 21 long-standing PD patients on stable treatment and 24 healthy controls. iRBD group was longitudinally followed up. All participants underwent <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and were evaluated with olfaction, cognition, and the Movement disorders society-Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) at baseline. From FDG-PET scans, we derived metabolic patterns from the long-standing PD group (PD-RP) and de novo PD group with RBD (dnPDRBD-RP). Subsequently, we calculated the PD-RP and dnPDRBD-RP scores in iRBD patients. We validated the metabolic patterns in each PD group and separate iRBD cohort (<i>n</i>=14).</span></p> <p><span><b>Result</b>: The two patterns significantly correlated with each other and were spatially overlapping yet distinct. The MDS-UPDRS motor scores significantly correlated with PD-RP (<i>p</i> = 0.013) but not with dnPDRBD-RP (<i>p</i> = 0.076). In contrast, dnPDRBD-RP correlated with olfaction in butanol threshold test (<i>p</i> = 0.018) in iRBD subjects, but PD-RP did not (<i>p</i> = 0.21). High dnPDRBD-RP in iRBD patients predicted future phenoconversion with all cut-off ranges from 1.5 to 3 standard deviations of the control value, whereas predictability of PD-RP was only significant in a partial range of cut-off.</span></p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> The dnPDRBD-RP is an efficient neuroimaging biomarker that reflects prodromal features of PD and predicts phenoconversion in iRBD that can be applied individually.</p>
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine events
<p>Bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America are predominantly comprised of migratory, tree-dependent species, but it is unclear why these bats are at higher risk. Factors influencing bat susceptibility to wind turbines might be revealed by temporal patterns in their behaviors around these dynamic landscape structures. In northern temperate zones fatalities occur mostly from July through October, but whether this reflects seasonally variable behaviors, passage of migrants, or some combination of factors remains unknown. In this study, we examined video imagery spanning one year in Colorado to characterize patterns of seasonal and nightly variability in bat behavior at a wind turbine. We detected bats on 177 of 306 nights representing approximately 3,800 hours of video and > 2,000 discrete bat events. We observed bats approaching the turbine throughout the night across all months during which bats were observed. Two distinct seasonal peaks of bat activity occurred in July and September, representing 30% and 42% increases in discrete bat events from the preceding months June and August, respectively. Bats exhibited behaviors around the turbine that increased in both diversity and duration in July and September. The peaks in bat events were reflected in chasing and turbine approach behaviors. Many of the bat events involved multiple approaches to the turbine, including when bats were displaced through the air by moving blades. The seasonal and nightly patterns we observed were consistent with the possibility that wind turbines invoke investigative behaviors in bats in late summer and autumn coincident with migration, and that bats may return and fly close to wind turbines even after experiencing potentially disruptive stimuli like moving blades. Our results point to the need for a deeper understanding of the seasonality, drivers, and characteristics of bat movement across spatial scales.</p>
Fig. 2 in Effects of the antennal sensilla distribution pattern on the behavioral responses of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fig. 2. SEM photomicrographs of 2 types (A1, B1) of sensilla trichodea (ST) on the antennae of Tribolium castaneum. TEM photomicrographs of 2 types (A2, B2) of sensilla trichodea (ST). A2 showed a thick cuticular wall and regular point-shaped pores around the cuticular wall, B2 a thick cuticular wall and pore structures with an irregular pointed shape. CW = cuticle wall, P = pores, STI = sensilla trichodea type I, STII = sensilla trichodea type II.`
Raw data - The impact of the filling technique with two sealers in bulk or associated with gutta-percha on the fatigue behavior and failure patterns of endodontically treated teeth
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Figure 4 in Notes on the ecology, activity patterns and behavior of the kinkajou (Potos flavus)
Figure 4: Group composition of kinkajous at (A) Pijao and (B) San Juan.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.