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565 results for “escapement”
Multispecies MHD study of ion escape at ancient Mars: effects of an intrinsic magnetic field and solar XUV radiation
<p>This dataset contains the simulation results in the paper "Multispecies MHD study of ion escape at ancient Mars: effects of an intrinsic magnetic field and solar XUV radiation" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.</p>
Dataset for: Sensory environment affects Icelandic threespine stickleback's anti-predator escape behaviour
<p>Human-induced changes in climate and habitats push populations to adapt to novel environments, including new sensory conditions, such as reduced visibility. We studied how colonizing newly formed glacial lakes with turbidity-induced low visibility affects anti-predator behaviour in Icelandic threespine sticklebacks. We tested nearly 400 fish from 15 populations and four habitat types varying in visibility and colonization history in their reaction to two predator cues (mechano-visual versus olfactory) in high versus low visibility light treatments. Fish reacted differently to the cues and were affected by lighting environment, confirming that cue modality and light levels are important for predator detection and evasion. Spring-fed fish, especially from the highlands (likely more diverged from marine fish than lowland fish) reacted fastest to mechano-visual cues and were generally most active. Highland glacial fish showed strong responses to olfactory cues and, counter to predictions from the flexible stem hypothesis, the greatest plasticity in response to light levels. This study, leveraging natural, repeated invasions of novel sensory habitats, 1) illustrates rapid changes in antipredator behaviour that follow due to adaptation, early life experience, or both, and 2) suggests an additional role for behavioural plasticity enabling population persistence in the face of frequent changes in environmental conditions.</p>
Innate heuristics and fast learning support escape route selection in mice
<p>### Dataset structure</p> <p>Each experimental session (from one mouse on one arena) was composed of one or more recording. Each recording<br> was saved as a separate video and as such the tracking data and stimuli metadata are saved separately for each<br> recording.</p> <p>The tracking data for each recording is saved in a file `DATE_SESSION_RECORDING_tracking.h5` with DLC pose position for<br> four body parts: nose, neck, body and base of the tail.<br> The video data was acquired at 30 or 40 FPS, 30FPS recordings were upsampled so that all tracking data<br> saved here is at 40 FPS.<br> If `_recording` is missing from the filename, the session had only one recording.</p> <p>The `DATE_SESSION_RECORDING_stimuli.csv` files store stimuli metadata for each recording.<br> The columns `overview_frame` and `overview_frame_end` denote stimulus onset and offset.</p> <p>The `session_metadata.csv` stores metadata about all sessions and recordings in the data set.<br> Metadata include mouse name, arena type (1-5) and if the mouse was naive or not (1/0).</p> <p><br> For the analyses in the manuscript, stimulus times were used to define trials and the tracking data in the few seconds<br> after the stimulus onbset was analzed (from stimulus onset to mouse entering the shelter). For convenience we provide<br> `trials.h5` which stores all tracking data and metadata for all trials and `trials_metadata.csv` that stores the metadata only.</p>
Ontogeny of risk assessment and escape-hatching performance by red-eyed treefrog embryos in two threat contexts
<p><span>Arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><em>Agalychnis callidryas</em><span>, hatch prematurely in response to hypoxia when flooded and mechanosensory cues (MC) in snake attacks, but hatching later improves tadpole survival. We studied ontogenetic changes in risk assessment and hatching performance of embryos in response to flooding and physical disturbance. We hypothesized that risk assessment decreases as hatchling survival improves and hatching performance increases as embryos develop. Because snakes eat faster than embryos asphyxiate, we hypothesized that embryos decide to hatch sooner and hatch faster in response to MC. We video-recorded individual embryos hatching in response to each cue type, then compared the incidence and timing of a series of events and behaviors from cue onset to complete hatching across ages and stimuli. Latency from cue to hatching decreased developmentally in both contexts and was shorter with MC, but the elements contributing to those changes differed.</span><em> </em><span>Hypoxia-assessment involved position changes, which decreased developmentally along with assessment time. MC-assessment<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span>occurred more rapidly, without movement, and decreased</span><span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with age. The first stages of hatching, membrane rupture and head emergence, were surprisingly age-independent but faster with MC, congruent with greater effort under more immediate risk. In contrast, body emergence and compression showed ontogenetic improvement consistent with morphological constraints but no cue effect. Both appropriate timing and effective performance of hatching are necessary for continued development. Different stages of the process vary with development and environmental context, suggesting combinations of adaptive context- and stage-dependent behavior, cue-related constraints on information acquisition, and ontogenetic constraints on elements of performance. </span></p>
Natural selection favours drought escape and an acquisitive resource‐use strategy in semi‐arid Mediterranean shrubs
<ol> <li>Natural selection is the major force driving adaptive evolution in natural populations, varying in strength, direction, and form through space and time, especially in highly variable environments such as Mediterranean ecosystems. Although a conservative resource-use strategy has been hypothesized to be adaptive in Mediterranean taxa, patterns of selection at the intraspecific level, i.e., the suite of traits determining individual fitness, are largely unknown.</li> <li>Using a phenotypic selection experiment in natural semiarid conditions, we measured direct and indirect selection acting through two different fitness components (survival and reproduction), to assess the adaptive value of 20 ecophysiological traits on individuals of two gypsum endemic species, <em>Centaurea</em> <em>hyssopifolia</em> and <em>Helianthemum</em> <em>squamatum</em>, dwelling in environments with contrasting abiotic conditions (south- and north-facing slopes) during two climatically contrasting years (dry and mesic). This allowed quantifying the magnitude and direction of natural selection at different spatiotemporal scales.</li> <li>Our results revealed that different abiotic conditions did not alter selection patterns, being the magnitude of selection more strongly affected by temporal environmental variation. Selection through reproduction indicated consistent selection for early phenology, low water use efficiency, high specific leaf area, low leaf dry matter content, and high leaf N across slopes and years in both species. In contrast, phenotypic trait variation was not linked to survival in either species. Furthermore, while individual reproductive output was higher or similar in environments with higher abiotic stress in both species and years, survival was similar across environmental conditions, and it was neither affected by plant size nor reproductive output.</li> <li>Contrary to our expectations, natural selection via reproductive fitness consistently favoured a drought-escape, acquisitive resource-use strategy in Mediterranean semiarid plants, rather than a conservative resource-use strategy, even under conditions of higher abiotic stress (i.e., south slopes and dry year). Such acquisitive strategy could allow rapid development by maximizing resource assimilation and reproduction before the most limiting climatic conditions of mid-late summer. Our results shed light on adaptive functional strategies of Mediterranean taxa at the intraspecific level, providing insight on future responses to environmental change, and highlight remarkable differences in selection acting through different fitness components.</li> </ol>
No Escape: The Influence of Substrate Sodium on Plant Growth and Tissue Sodium Responses
<p>This dataset contains data from a systematic review carried out to understand substrate sodium's influence on plant growth and sodium accumulation strategies. Accordingly, we carried out a systematic review of plants' responses to variation in substrate sodium concentrations. We compared biomass and tissue-sodium accumulation among 107 cultivars or populations (67 species in 20 plant families), broadly expanding beyond the agricultural and model taxa for which several generalizations previously had been made. We hypothesized a priori response models for each population's growth and sodium accumulation as a function of increasing substrate NaCl and used Bayesian Information Criterion to choose the best model. Additionally, using a phylogenetic signal analysis, we tested for phylogenetic patterning of responses across taxa. The influence of substrate sodium on growth differed across taxa, with most populations experiencing detrimental effects at high concentrations. Irrespective of growth responses, tissue sodium concentrations for most taxa increased as sodium concentration in the substrate increased. We found no strong associations between type of growth response and type of sodium accumulation response across taxa. Although experiments often fail to test plants across a sufficiently broad range of substrate salinities, non-crop species tended toward higher sodium tolerance than domesticated species. Moreover, some phylogenetic conservatism was apparent, in that evolutionary history helped predict the distribution of total-plant growth responses across the phylogeny, but not sodium accumulation responses. Our study reveals that saltier plants in saltier soils prove to be a broadly general pattern for sodium across plant taxa. Regardless of growth responses, sodium accumulation mostly followed an increasing trend as substrate sodium levels increased.</p>
Escape
<p>Video logrado como parte del proyecto “Horizonte humanístico en las competencias comunicativas audiovisuales y nuevas narrativas de los adolescentes ecuatorianos” PROY_INV_CCCOM_2021_3156 auspiciado por las Universidades PUCE - sede Ibarra y Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (Ecuador) entre 2021 y 2022.</p> <p>El propósito del proyecto fue identificar las competencias comunicativas audiovisuales y las expectativas para su formación académica a nivel de educación superior de los adolescentes ecuatorianos entre 12 y 18 años, de edad, mediante la aplicación de la investigación acción, para una propuesta educomunicativa innovadora desde el saber ser.</p> <p>El video surge de la aplicación de la metodología de observación no participante.</p>
Sars-escape network for escape prediction of SARS-COV-2
<p>This dataset belongs to a paper Sars-escape network for escape prediction of SARS-COV-2</p> <p><a>Prem Singh Bist</a>, <a>Hilal Tayara</a>, <a>Kil To Chong</a></p> <p><em>Briefings in Bioinformatics</em>, Volume 24, Issue 3, May 2023, bbad140, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbad140">https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbad140</a></p> <p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Motivation: </strong>Viruses have coevolved with their hosts for over millions of years and learned to escape the host's immune system. Although not all genetic changes in viruses are deleterious, some significant mutations lead to the escape of neutralizing antibodies and weaken the immune system, which increases infectivity and transmissibility, thereby impeding the development of antiviral drugs or vaccines. Accurate and reliable identification of viral escape mutational sequences could be a good indicator for therapeutic design. We developed a computational model that recognizes significant mutational sequences based on escape feature identification using natural language processing along with prior knowledge of experimentally validated escape mutants.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our machine learning-based computational approach can recognize the significant spike protein sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using sequence data alone. This modelling approach can be applied to other viruses, such as influenza, monkeypox and HIV using knowledge of escape mutants and relevant protein sequence datasets.</p> <p><strong>Availability: </strong>Complete source code and pre-trained models for escape prediction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein sequences are available on Github at https://github.com/PremSinghBist/Sars-CoV-2-Escape-Model.git. </p> <p><strong>Contact: </strong>premsing212@jbnu.ac.kr.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>SARS-CoV-2; mutation; sequence analysis; viral escape prediction.</p>
Data from: Captures do not affect escape response to humans in Alpine marmot
<p>Capture and manipulation are an integral part of wildlife research and management. These practices, however, can affect animals either directly or indirectly, and studies should generally evaluate the consequences of captures to ensure animal welfare and reduce sampling bias. Here, we investigated the indirect, behavioural effects of live-capture on escape response to humans in Alpine marmot <em>Marmota marmota </em>within the Stelvio National Park (central Italian Alps) over three seasons (2021- 2023). We used flight initiation distance (FID) as a measure of escape response and tested it in relation to capture status using linear mixed modelling. Captures did not have any detectable effect on escape response, and FID was best explained by covariates such as starting distance, distance to nearest burrow, current behaviour during the observation and year of observation. It might be that, in marmots, escape response to humans is a rather inert behaviour. As such, although we cannot rule out unmeasured effects, capture may not represent an excessively traumatic experience which could trigger immediate behavioural modification. In turn, capture is unlikely to compromise animal welfare or cause scientific bias in studies investigating escape response in this species, at least over the short term.</p>
Oncogenic calreticulin induces TGF-β expression and Treg expansion in the bone marrow microenvironment as a mechanism of immune escape
<p>This repository contains all necessary scRNA-seq inputs to reproduce the results described in "Oncogenic calreticulin induces TGF-β expression and Treg expansion in the bone marrow microenvironment as a mechanism of immune escape" by Schmidt et al. (Cancer Research 2024). </p> <p>Content:</p> <ol> <li>"MPN_calreticulin_bm.R" --> R script containing all code</li> <li>"cells_table.RDS" --> cells table containing, cell_id, UMAP coordinates, complexity, cell type annotation and metadata</li> <li>"normalized_matrix.RDS" --> quality control filtered, log2-normalized and centered expression matrix</li> <li>"reference_signatures.RDS" --> all external signatures used for this study</li> <li>"EV2_*", "EV5_*", "MPN2_*", "MPN5_*", --> cellranger outputs</li> </ol>
A quantitative approach to easily characterize and predict cell death and escape to β-lactam treatments
<p>This repository contains the raw experimental data corresponding to the paper entitled "A quantitative approach to easily characterize and predict cell death and escape to β-lactam treatments" and authored by Andreani, Gross and colleagues. </p> <p>The analysis of the data and the creation of the figures of the paper can be done using the code available at https://gitlab.inria.fr/InBio/Public/esbl-escape. A README file, briefly describing data organization, is provided.</p>
Hummingbirds rapidly respond to the removal of visible light and control a sequence of rate-commanded escape maneuvers in milliseconds
<p>Hummingbirds routinely execute a variety of stunning aerobatic feats, which continue to challenge current notions of aerial agility and controlled stability in biological systems. Indeed, the control of these amazing maneuvers is not well understood. Here we examined how hummingbirds control a sequence of maneuvers within milliseconds and tested whether and when they use vision during this rapid process. We repeatedly elicited escape flights in Calliope hummingbirds and removed visible light during each maneuver at various instants and quantified their flight kinematics and responses. We show that the escape maneuvers were composed of rapidly-controlled sequential modules including evasion, reorientation, nose-down dive, forward flight, and nose-up to hover. The hummingbirds did not respond to the light removal during evasion and reorientation until a critical light-removal time; afterward, they showed two categories of luminance-based responses that rapidly altered maneuvering modules to terminate the escape. We also show that hummingbird maneuvers were rate-commanded and required no active braking, i.e., their body angular velocities were proportional to the change of wing motion patterns, a trait that likely alleviates the computational demand on flight control. This work uncovers key traits of hummingbird agility, which can also inform and inspire designs for next-generation agile aerial systems.</p>
The ESCAPE project: Energy-efficient Scalable Algorithms for Weather Prediction at Exascale
<p>Data and figures presented in the paper "The ESCAPE project: Energy-efficient scalable algorithms for weather prediction at exascale". The discussion paper is available at: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-304</p>
Fish dispersal from a sabotage-mediated massive escape event
<p>This repository is for the data and scripts used in the analysis of the article published in Aquaclture Enviroment Interaction entitled "Fish dispersal from a sabotage-mediated massive escape event" by Javier Atalah, Pablo Sánchez-Jerez, David Izquierdo, Damián Fernandez-Jover, Pablo Arechavala-Lopez, Carlos Valle, Aitor Forcada, and Kilian Toledo-Guedes.</p> <p>ABSTRACT: Farm sabotage can cause massive fish escape events with significant ecological and socio-economic risks. This study examined the fate of Mediterranean seabass Dicentrarchus labrax escapees following a large-scale escape event caused by sabotage in the Western Mediterranean Sea. We monitored the escapee density and size structure over 3 mo after the escape at increasing distances from the escape point, up to 45 km away. Fish density adjacent to the escape location 5 d after the sabotage was, on average, 114 ± 44.7 (SE) fish per 100 m2. Our analyses showed that fish density decreased by 17% for every km away from the location, dropping to 2 and 1% after 1 and 2 mo, respectively, following the escape event. As escapee density declined throughout time and space, the size distribution of seabass shifted towards larger sizes. The rapid decrease in fish densities highlights the need for contingency plans focusing on fishing efforts in the coastal areas near the escape location (<20 km) within the first 24 h. These results are paramount to mitigating the risks associated with escape events cost-effectively. We emphasise the importance of sabotage prevention measures, such as security systems that can quickly detect intruders and trigger an immediate response to deter them. Additionally, enforcing appropriate sanctions based on the severity of the damage caused could help to discourage future sabotage attempts. KEY WORDS: Aquaculture · Mediterranean seabass · Dicentrarchus labrax · Coastal zone management · Marine policy</p> <p> </p>
Electrostatic changes enabled the diversification of an exocyst subunit via protein complex escape
<p>Raw images and datasets regarding the manuscript "Electrostatic changes enabled the diversification of an exocyst subunit via protein complex escape" by De la Concepcion et al. 2024</p>
Simulation Dataset: Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies
<p>This is a supplementary simulation dataset to reproduce Fig. 3C,D of the manuscript "Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies" by Bartashevich et al.</p> <p>The zip folder contains the following 3 files in h5 format: front attack (out_Npred1_pred_angle0.0.h5), side attack (<span>out_Npred1_pred_angle1.5707963267948966.h5), </span><span>back attack (out_Npred1_pred_angle3.141592653589793.h5).</span></p> <p>Each file has the following "keys": KeysViewHDF5 ['circ_seg', 'end', 'endD', 'end_PosVel', 'fount', 'part', 'partD', 'pavas', 'pred', 'predD', 'start', 'start_fountain', 'start_pred', 'swarm', 'swarm_pred0', 'swarm_predD'].</p> <p>The key necessary to reproduce Fig. 3C,D of the aforementioned paper is "fount" (<HDF5 dataset "fount": shape (40, 1200, 100, 8), type "<f8">). Namely, "fount" data array consists of 40 simulation runs, 1200 time points, 100 agents, and 8 metrics. The metric with index "0" depicts the value of the Euclidean distance from the agent <em>i</em> to the simulated predator. The metric with index "1" depicts the value of the position angle (theta 1 in rad) of the agent <em>i</em> relative to the simulated predator. The metric with index "2" depicts the value of the flee angle (theta 2 in rad) of the agent <em>i</em> relative to the simulated predator.</p> <p>To estimate the start and the end of the fountain evasion, one can use the following script in Python:</p> <p>import numpy as np</p> <p>m = h5py.File(filename, "r")<br><br>for key in m.keys():<br> print(key)</p> <p>fount_runs = m[key]["fount"]</p> <p>for j in range(40):<br> fnt_start[j] = np.where(fount_runs[j, 0:1200, 0:100,5]==1)[0][0] <br> fnt_end[j] = np.where(fount_runs[j, 0:1200, 0:100,5]==1)[0][-1]</p>
Escape Game "Sortez du Cube", une initiation à la documentation en médecine
<p><strong>Présentation</strong></p> <p>L’Escape Game “Sortez du Cube” est un Escape Game physique à destination des étudiants en santé mais ouvert à tous les étudiants. Il se compose d’une succession linéaire d’énigmes dont l’objectif de leur accomplissement est de trouver l’indice suivant puis, en dernier lieu, la clé pour sortir du Cube, la salle d’Innovation pédagogique des bibliothèques de l’UVSQ, et donc finir le jeu. L’Escape Game est chronométré et doit être terminé en 30 minutes maximum. Il peut être joué à 8 joueurs en même temps en pleine jauge (6 est le chiffre optimal).</p> <p><strong>Objectif</strong></p> <p>L’Escape Game porte autant un objectif pédagogique que de valorisation documentaire. Les énigmes permettent en effet de signaler et d’apprendre à manipuler de la documentation en santé, physique et électronique, de la DBIST de l’UVSQ (la base de données Visible Body est au centre de ce produit de valorisation). Elles permettent également aux étudiants de travailler en collaboration et de se former entre eux (“va voir le sommaire” ; “ScienceDirect ? Ce doit être une base de données…”) plutôt que de recevoir l’information de manière verticale. De plus, leur posture de recherche est active et donc propice à une meilleure intégration des connaissances.</p> <p><strong>Déroulé</strong></p> <p>On fait entrer le groupe dans la salle, puis on leur demande de mettre une tenue de médecin (ou d’infirmier) que l’on met à leur disposition (Photo 1). La séance commence par l’inscription des joueurs (nom, prénom, numéro étudiant, classe et adresse email). On leur explique ensuite qu’ils n’ont pas besoin de casser ou d’arracher le matériel : les énigmes sont documentaires. </p> <p>On commence ensuite le scénario (Document 1) puis on leur donne la lettre (Document 2). Ils doivent trouver le mot de passe sur un écran pour accéder à l’énigme suivante sur un Genially (Lien 1). Cela continue ainsi, d’énigmes en énigmes jusqu'à la fin du jeu.</p> <p>A la fin du jeu, nous leur faisons un point sur le site de la BU et nos ressources électroniques, puis nous leur demandons de remplir une évaluation de l’activité. Enfin, nous leur remettons un sac de goodies.</p> <p><strong>Retours</strong></p> <p>Sur les 85 évaluations reçues pour le moment, 100% sont positives. Les étudiants apprécient autant le jeu en lui-même que son utilité dans le cadre de l’apprentissage aux compétences informationnelles. Les commentaires des étudiants du parcours santé sont particulièrement élogieux.</p> <p><strong>Organisation et ressources</strong></p> <p>Cet Escape Game a été créé par une équipe de 6 agents. 2 personnels de catégorie A, 3 personnels de catégorie B, 1 personnel de catégorie C. Sa conception a demandé la maîtrise de l’outil Genially, une technicité pour la création d’énigmes (technicité acquise en amont grâce à la conception d’autres produits ludopédagogiques) et beaucoup de bricolages. Le montant dépensé pour cet Escape Game s’élève à moins de 50 euros (achat d’un minuteur).</p>
Empirical Dataset: Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies
<h3>Description of the data and file structure</h3> <p>The files contain the source data for Fig. 1 and Fig. 3A,B of the manuscript "Collective anti-predator escape manoeuvres through optimal attack and avoidance strategies" by Bartashevich et al.</p> <h4>Files and variables</h4> <h5>File: Fountain_Fish_coordinates.zip</h5> <p><strong>Description:</strong> </p> <p>The zip file contains 30 folders, each containing information on one predator attack and respective prey evasion. Each folder is named according to the drone ID used for the filming (e.g., DJI _1, DJI _2, DJI _3) and the respective frame number (e.g., f930) from the video recording. </p> <h5>File naming</h5> <p>Each folder contains JPG and CSV files. </p> <p>The JPG files show the image from the footage at the corresponding frame indicated in the files' name (e.g., frame_001_im).</p> <p>There are 2 types of CSV files. Files with the name 'polygon.csv' contain coordinates (in pixels) of points (x, y) defining the polygon outlining the prey school at the particular frame as indicated in the files' name (e.g., frame001) and corresponding to the image in the JPG file with the same frame number. Files with the name 'sardines_and_marlin.csv' contain coordinates (in pixels) of points (x, y), defining the head (columns 1 and 2) and the dorsal fin (columns 3 and 4) of single sardine individuals (by rows), and of the respective attacking marlin: marlin's head (columns 5 and 6), marlin's dorsal fin (columns 7 and 8), and marlin's tip of the bill (columns 9 and 10). These coordinates correspond to the respective image with the same frame number.</p>
Mass Spectrometry Datasets for "Highly synergistic combinations of nanobodies that target SARS-CoV-2 and are resistant to escape"
<p>This repository contains mass spectrometry raw datasets for the research paper "<strong><em>Highly synergistic combinations of nanobodies that target SARS-CoV-2 and are resistant to escape</em></strong>". An early version of the manuscript can be viewed on <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438911v1">bioRxiv</a>.</p> <p>The datasets include two parts:</p> <ol> <li>Identification of nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 spikes.</li> <li>Chemical cross-linking of nanobody-spikes complexes.</li> </ol> <p>The included <strong>.raw</strong> files are Thermo Orbitrap Raw files, and can be assessed by various software such as <em>Thermo Xcalibur</em>, <em><a href="https://proteowizard.sourceforge.io/">ProteoWizard</a></em> and <em><a href="https://pypi.org/project/pymsfilereader/">pymsfilereader</a></em>.</p>
Data for: Beyond simple habituation: Anthropogenic habitats influence the escape behavior of spur-winged lapwings in response to both human and non-human threats
<p>Habitat development may affect wildlife behavior, favoring individuals or behaviors that cope better with perceived threats (predators). Bolder behaviors in human-dominated habitats (HDH; e.g., urban and rural settlements) may represent habituation specifically to humans, or a general reduction in predator-avoidance response. However, such carry-over effects across threat types (i.e., beyond humans) and phases of the escape sequence have not been well studied to date. Here we investigated escape behaviors of a locally common wader species, the spur-winged lapwing (Vanellus spinosus). We assayed their flight initiation distance (FID) and subsequent escape behaviors in agricultural areas and in HDH. We found that lapwings in HDH were bolder, and that the difference was manifested in several phases of the predator-avoidance sequence (shorter FIDs, shorter distances fled, and a higher probability of escape by running vs. flying). When re-approached (by an observer) after landing, lapwings in HDH were also more repetitive in their FID than those in other habitats. To determine whether this apparent bolder behavior in HDH areas is merely a consequence of habituation to humans or represents a broader behavioral change, we introduced an additional threat type – a remotely-operated taxidermic jackal ("Jack-Truck"). Finding bolder responses in the HDH to the human threat alone (and not to the Jack-Truck) could have supported the habituation hypothesis. In contrast, however, we found a bolder response in the HDH to both threat types, as well as a correlation between their FIDs across different sites. These bolder behaviors suggest that HDH impose a broader behavioral change on lapwings, rather than just simple habituation. Overall, our findings demonstrate how FID trials can reveal strong behavioral carry-over effects of HDH following human and non-human threats, including effects on the subsequent phases of escaping the predator. Further, FID assays may reveal consistent behavioral types when assessed under field conditions, and offer a direct way to differentiate among the various poorly understood and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms that lead to behavioral differences among organisms in HDH. The mechanistic perspective is essential for understanding how rapid urbanization impacts wildlife behavior, populations, and the range of behaviors within them, even in species apparently resilient to such environmental changes.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.