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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in 17,20β-P and cortisol are the main in vitro metabolites of 17-hydroxyprogesterone produced by spermiating testes of Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae)

Fig. 1. Radiochromatogram after TLC analysis of spermiating testes of Micropogonias furnieri males 1, 2 and 3 after toluene/cyclohexane 50/50 v/v (system I) and benzene/acetone 80/20 v/v (system II). The TLC zones further analyzed by HPLC are shown as A, B and C. The peak of precursor is shown as D. The authentic standards used were: 1 = 20-dihydrocortisone; 2 = 17,20,21-P; 3 = 17,20α-P; 4 = 11KT; 5 = 17,20ss-P; 6 = 11ssOH-A; 7 = Ad; 8 = testosterone; 9 = 17-P; 10 = A.

Figure 6 in Effect of calcium on Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Bacillus cereus metabolites

Figure 6. Pyorubin production of P. aeruginosa (●), grown in NB medium under static conditions at 37 °C.

Figure 4. H O in Effect of calcium on Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Bacillus cereus metabolites

Figure 4. H O diameter of B. cereus (○) and P. aeruginosa (●), 2 2 grown in NB medium under static conditions at 37 °C.

Figure 3. Las B in Effect of calcium on Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Bacillus cereus metabolites

Figure 3. Las B activity of B.cereus (○) andP.aeruginosa (●), grown in NB medium under static conditions at 37 °C.

Figure 2 in Effect of calcium on Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Bacillus cereus metabolites

Figure 2. Biofilm levels ofB.cereus (○) and P.aeruginosa (●), grown in NB medium under static conditions at 37 °C.

Figure 1 in Effect of calcium on Pseudomonas aeruginasa and Bacillus cereus metabolites

Figure 1. Amylase unit activity of B. cereus (○) and P. aeruginosa (●), grown in NB medium under static conditions at 37 °C.

Figure 5 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Figure 5. Chemical structure of the isolated substance (5-pentadecyl resorcinol) by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.

Figure 4. HMBC 150 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Figure 4. HMBC 150 MHz (a) and HSQC 300 MHz (b) spectrum of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.

Figure 1 in Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679

Figure 1. Chromatographic fractionation of the compound produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2017View details →

Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies

Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and pollinators. The chemistry of floral nectar and pollen—the primary food rewards for pollinators—can affect both plant reproduction and pollinator health. Although the existence and functional significance of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites has long been known, comprehensive quantitative characterizations of secondary chemistry exist for only a few species. Moreover, little is known about intraspecific variation in nectar and pollen chemical profiles. Because the ecological effects of secondary chemicals are dose-dependent, heterogeneity across genotypes and populations could influence floral trait evolution and pollinator foraging ecology. To better understand within- and across-species heterogeneity in nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, we undertook exhaustive LC-MS and LC-UV-based chemical characterizations of nectar and pollen methanol extracts from 31 cultivated and wild plant species.  Nectar and pollen were collected from farms and natural areas in Massachusetts, Vermont, and California, USA, in 2013 and 2014. For wild species, we aimed to collect 10 samples from each of 3 sites. For agricultural and horticultural species, we aimed for 10 samples from each of 3 cultivars. Our dataset (1535 samples, 102 identified compounds) identifies and quantifies each compound recorded in methanolic extracts, and includes chemical metadata that describe the molecular mass, retention time, and chemical classification of each compound. A reference phylogeny is included for comparative analyses. We found that each species possessed a distinct chemical profile; moreover, within species, few compounds were found in both nectar and pollen. The most common secondary chemical classes were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and amines, and chlorogenic acids. The most common compounds were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. Pollens contained high concentrations of hydroxycinnamoyl-spermidine conjugates, mainly triscoumaroyl and trisferuloyl spermidine, found in 71% of species. When present, pollen alkaloids and spermidines had median nonzero concentrations of 23,000 µM (median 52% of recorded micromolar composition). Although secondary chemistry was qualitatively consistent within each species and sample type, we found significant quantitative heterogeneity across cultivars and sites. These data provide a standard reference for future ecological and evolutionary research on nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, including its role in pollinator health and plant reproduction.

openother-openApr 2019View details →

Data from: Defensive fruit metabolites obstruct seed dispersal by altering bat behavior and physiology at multiple temporal scales.

These data support the publication "Defensive fruit metabolites obstruct seed dispersal by altering bat behavior and physiology at multiple temporal scales".

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

Data for the "Systematic mapping of protein-metabolite interactions in central metabolism of Escherichia coli"

This dataset contains raw and processed NMR data used in the publication.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →

Figures 3-4 in Blood metabolites as predictors to evaluate the body condition of Neopelma pallescens (Passeriformes: Pipridae) in northeastern Brazil

Figures 3-4. Spearman's correlation between Body Condition Index (BCI) and glucose concentration for breeding (3) (N = 28) and non-breeding (4) (N = 46) individuals of N. pallescens in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, PB. The breeding period of N. pallescens started at the end of July (P1) and climaxed in January (P3). It occurred throughout Figure 2. Monthly samples sizes of captured individuals of N. palles- the rainy and dry seasons. Glucose concentrations showed cens in Reserva Biológica de Guaribas, PB. Recaptured individuals significant variation during the developmental phases of brood are not included. patches with a higher concentration in P3 (Fig. 5) (ANOVA, F = 5.39, p = 0.01). Tukey's test showed significant values only The glucose concentration was negatively correlated with between P1 and P3 (Tukey's Test, P2-P1: p = 0.76, P3-P1 = 0.01, body condition (Table 1). Further analyses showed that the glu- P3-P2: p = 0.05).

Fig. 3 in Effects of the Secondary Metabolite Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on Soil Protozoa and Bacteria

Fig. 3. Colony forming curves of culturable bacteria in soil microcosms harvested after 1, 7, and 14 days on non-selective agar media. For each harvest event the same plates were counted repeatedly. Statistical significant differences between the treatments at the last counting event of each harvest are indicated by different letters.

Fig. 4 in Effects of the Secondary Metabolite Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on Soil Protozoa and Bacteria

Fig. 4. Abundance of culturable protozoa in the four different soil microcosms. The protozoa were counted by MPN as fast-growing protozoa after 1 week of incubation and as total protozoa after 3 weeks of incubation by inspecting the same plates twice. Significant differences of treatments within each sampling time and incubation time are shown as different small letters above the bars. After one day protozoa was only counted in the control microcosm. Significant differences between the abundance of protozoa in the control microcosm are shown as capital letters. bd: below detection limit of 157 protozoa g–1 dw. nd: not determined.

Fig. 2 in Effects of the Secondary Metabolite Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on Soil Protozoa and Bacteria

Fig. 2. Fate of inoculated P. fluorescence CHA0/gfp1 and P. fluorescens CHA0/pME3424 during incubation in soil microcosms determined as CFU on selective agar media (see Materials and Methods for selective agents). The individual data points for each replicate are shown along with the linear regression line for each strain.

Fig. 1 in Effects of the Secondary Metabolite Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 on Soil Protozoa and Bacteria

Fig. 1. Soil respiration measured as accumulated CO 2 during the incubation of microcosms consisting of soil, shredded barley straw and either of three bacterial inoculants: E. aerogenes, P. fluorescens CHA0/gfp1, P. fluorescens CHA0/pME3424. Control treatment did not receive any bacteria.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Fig. 2 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans

Fig. 2. The efficacy of the natural components against E. tenella sporozoites. The viability of sporozoites was determined at various concentrations of the compounds that showed effectiveness at 100 μM. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined from the approximate curves obtained from these results. SPZ: sporozoite.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Fig. 1 in Anticoccidial activity of the secondary metabolites in alpine plants frequently ingested by wild Japanese rock ptarmigans

Fig. 1. Direct effects of the natural components derived from alpine plants on E. tenella sporozoites. The viability of sporozoites treated with each natural component derived from alpine plants or lasalocid (positive control) with the viability of the DMSO-treated group set as 100%. The final concentration was 100 μM for the natural components, and 1 μM for lasalocid. SPZ: sporozoite; Las: lasalocid. Outliers were tested using Thompson's test (p <0.05), and the student's t-test was utilized to compare the data with the DMSO-treated group as a control (**p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001).