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openother-atMar 2023View details →

Research Compendium for Himes et al. (2023): "Towards 3D Retrieval of Exoplanet Atmospheres: Assessing Thermochemical Equilibrium Estimation Methods"

This archive is the Reproducible Research Compendium for Towards 3D Retrieval of Exoplanet Atmospheres: Assessing Thermochemical Equilibrium Estimation Methods by Himes, Harrington, and Baydin (2023), published in The Planetary Science Journal. The compendium includes all the software, documentation, configuration files, plots, and data published in the paper.  The compendium is under the Reproducible Research Software License; see LICENSE file.  The README provides additional information and describes the contents of each compressed .tar.gz file.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Molecular Absorption Cross Sections for H2-He Dominated Substellar Atmospheres (using exocross and ExoMol line lists as of ~2021)

This data set consists of molecular absorption cross sections for the following molecules assuming collisional broadening by a H2-He dominated atmosphere: H2O, CH4, NH3, PH3, CO2, CO, HCN, H2S, H2, FeH, SiO CrH, TiH, MgH, CaH, TiO, VO The cross section grid has a constant spectral resolution of R~20,000 from 0.3 microns to 50 microns. It ranges in temperature from 50-5000 K and in pressure from 10^6 to 3000 bars. When decompressed, the full set of files takes up 22 GB. These molecular absorption cross sections were calculated using the exocross code created and distributed by the ExoMol collaboration. A description of the procedure I followed for their calculation is included in the appendix of Lacy & Burrows 2023. A description of the file format and brief summary of the line lists used can be found in README.txt. Please cite these line lists as well as Lacy & Burrows 2023 if you make use of these cross sections in your work. (See https://www.exomol.com/bibliography/)

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Model outputs associated with "Comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA: Implications to atmospheric oxidative capacity"

Model outputs associated with “Comprehensive multiphase chlorine chemistry in the box model CAABA/MECCA: Implications to atmospheric oxidative capacity"

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Visualization of Idealized Atmospheric-River-like Features

In an idealized simulation of a shallow-water fluid, all the poleward transport of a water vapor-like tracer transport is produced by AR-like filamentary structures.  This dry simulation is initialized with a barotropically unstable midlatitude jet stream and a passive tracer in the tropics. Due to the idealized nature of the simulation, we can unequivocally identify the formation of a Rossby wave in the jet stream.  In the tracer field, this wave leads to turbulent stirring and generates long, narrow filamentary structures that have a similar aspect ratio as ARs.  Based on our experiment setup, these structures should be responsible for all the meridional tracer transport in the extratropics.

Sonification of the atmospheric carbon record: 1988–1992 and 2014–2019

These two pieces are part of a collection of sound compositions called Timescales, which sonifies datasets spanning different time scales of the atmospheric carbon record. Sonification is analogous to visualization. In visualizations, data is mapped to an image; in sonification data is mapped to sound. In Situ 1988 and In Situ 2014 both sonify five years of atmospheric carbon data from the Mauna Loa Observatory, commonly known as the Keeling Curve. The pieces present the carbon record at weekly, monthly, and yearly timescales with a musical scale and translate historical time to musical time. Unlike standard graphical presentations of data, these sound compositions allow the listener to hear the data as physical resonance over time.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses silicon accumulation and exacerbates endophyte reductions in plant phosphorus

Many temperate grasses are both hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) and hosts of Epichloë fungal endophytes; functional traits which may alleviate environmental stresses such as herbivore attack. Si accumulation and endophyte infection may operate synergistically, but this has not been tested in a field setting, nor in the context of changing environmental conditions. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can affect both Si accumulation and endophyte function, but these have not been studied in combination. We investigated how elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), Si supplementation, endophyte-presence and insect herbivory impacted plant growth, stoichiometry (C, N, P and Si), leaf gas exchange (rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates) and endophyte production of anti-herbivore defences (alkaloids) of an important pasture grass (tall fescue; Lolium arundinaceum) in the field. eCO2 and Si supplementation increased shoot biomass (+52% and +31%, respectively), whereas herbivory reduced shoot biomass by at least 35% and induced Si accumulation by 24%. Shoot Si concentrations, in contrast, decreased by 17–21% under eCO2. Si supplementation and herbivory reduced shoot C concentrations. eCO2 reduced shoot N concentrations which led to increased shoot C:N ratios. Overall, shoot P concentrations were 26% lower in endophytic plants compared to non-endophytic plants, potentially due to decreased mass flow (i.e. observed reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration). Alkaloid production was not discernibly affected by any experimental treatment. The negative impacts of endophytes on P uptake were particularly strong under eCO2. We show that eCO2 and insect herbivory reduce and promote Si accumulation, respectively, incorporating some field conditions for the first time. This indicates that these drivers operate in a more realistic ecological context than previously demonstrated. Reduced uptake of P in endophytic plants may adversely affect plant productivity in the future, particularly if increased demand for P due to improved plant growth under eCO2 cannot be met.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Code and data for "Two-way coupled long-wave isentropic ocean-atmosphere dynamics"

This repository contains the code and data needed to replicate the figures and simulations in the JFM Paper: "Two-way coupled long-wave isentropic ocean-atmosphere dynamics". Please see the readme.txt file for details. Edit: -v3 added a jfm_pysonly.zip which contains only the Python scripts to create the figures to allow for a faster separate download -v2 updated with JFM paper DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.131 in file headers

Data from: Rhizodeposition through root senescence and root exudation of atmospheric C and N by legumes is controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development

Legume crop production has many benefits for agricultural systems. Through the rhizodeposition process, they release a significant amount of C and N into the soil, increasing soil organic C and reducing the use of N fertilizer. Rhizodeposition is known as a dynamic process influenced by many factors. The aim of this study was to study the contribution of root exudation and root senescence to the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N during vegetative and reproductive growth in annual and perennial legumes and to understand how this is linked to the fixation capacities of C and N and root functional traits. An original approach that combined 13CO2 labeling and the 15N dilution method was developed to measure the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N throughout plant growth by two annual grain legumes (pea and faba bean) and two perennial forage legumes (white and crimson clovers). C rhizodeposition was found to increase proportionally with N rhizodeposition during reproductive development and the differences observed between species were related to the C and N fixation abilities. The use of root traits such as specific root length, root tissue density, and root dry matter content suggests a strong contribution of root exudation to C rhizodeposition at vegetative growth and a strong contribution of root senescence to both C and N rhizodeposition during reproductive growth. Synthesis: Both C and N rhizodeposition appeared to be controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development.

Comparison between ozone column depths and methane lifetimes computed by 1-D and 3-D models at different atmospheric O2 Levels

Recently, Cooke et al. (2022) used a 3-D coupled chemistry-climate model (WACCM6) to calculate ozone column depths at varied atmospheric O2 levels. They argued that previous 1-D photochemical model studies, e.g., Segura et al. (2003), may have overestimated the ozone column depth at low pO2, and hence also overestimated the lifetime of methane. We have compared new simulations from an updated version of the Segura et al. model with those from WACCM6, together with some results from another 1-D and 3-D model. The discrepancy in ozone column depths is likely due to multiple interacting parameters, including lower boundary conditions, vertical and meridional transport rates, and different chemical mechanisms, especially the treatment of O2 photolysis in the Schumann-Runge (SR) bands (175-205 nm). The discrepancy in tropospheric OH concentrations and methane lifetime between WACCM6 and the 1-D model at low pO2 is reduced when absorption from CO2 and H2O in this wavelength region is included in WACCM6. Including scattering in the SR bands may further reduce this difference. Resolving these issues can be accomplished by developing an accurate parameterization for O2 photolysis in the SR bands and then repeating these calculations in the various models. Work is already underway to this end.

Ring Width Index (RWI) and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) data for Atmospheric River reconstruction

These are the two datasets used for reconstructing atmospheric river activity along the U.S. west coast (under review at the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphere). The first file rwi.mat contains the ring-width-index for the chronologies used to develop the second dataset (SPI_recon.nc). This file is used as the covariate to develop the AR reconstructions (with Poisson regression) and goes back to 1400 CE.

Pre-industrial, present and future atmospheric soluble iron deposition and the role of aerosol acidity and oxalate under CMIP6 emissions: DATASET

This dataset provides output fields that were used in the research article titled "Pre-industrial, present and future atmospheric soluble iron deposition and the role of aerosol acidity and oxalate under CMIP6 emissions." The data includes the following fields presented as yearly means: <ul> <li>Soluble Iron emissions (SFe_emi) in Tg/yr</li> <li>Total Iron emissions (TFe_emi) in Tg/yr</li> <li>Soluble Iron deposition (SFe_dep) (both wet and dry) in Tg/yr</li> <li>Total Iron deposition (TFe_dep) (both wet and dry) in Tg/yr</li> </ul> The data covers the following periods: <ul> <li>Pre-industrial period (PI), with the year 1850</li> <li>Present-day period (PD), with the climatology from 1985 to 2014</li> <li>Three future periods based on the SSP CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370), with the climatology from 2070 to 2099</li> </ul> An additional file containing information on the cell areas of the output grid is also included (areacell_BergasMassoetal2023.nc).

Data for "Callisto's Atmosphere: The Oxygen Enigma" by Carberry Mogan, et al., 2023

Data files corresponding to the publication "Callisto’s atmosphere: The oxygen enigma" by Carberry Mogan, et al., 2023. See also <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6784734">doi:10.5281/zenodo.6784734</a> for additional files and further information.

Climate model results for H2-H2O atmospheres

This dataset is a realization of a greenhouse climate model for H2-H2O atmospheres

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Code and Data to support "Atmospheric circulation-constrained model sensitivity recalibrates Arctic climate projections"

<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/b2d03cf8-c9e1-4ffb-8120-eb08237612e6/sic.sep.5member.dat">sic.sep.5member.dat</a> contains direct binary data of spatial monthly averaged sea ice concentrations for 1979 January to 2020 December from the CESM2 wind-nudging runs. <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/b2d03cf8-c9e1-4ffb-8120-eb08237612e6/cism2.exp.smb.01.nc">cism2.exp.smb.01.nc</a> to <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/b2d03cf8-c9e1-4ffb-8120-eb08237612e6/cism2.exp.smb.01.nc">cism2.exp.smb.05.nc</a> contain netcdf files of annual averaged surface mass balance output from the CESM2-CISM2 wind-nudging runs between 1979 and 2020. topal&ding_code1.py - data preparation Python code topal&ding_code2.py - creating the main text and supplementary figures.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Sonification of the atmospheric carbon record over the past 800,000 years

This piece is part of a collection of sound compositions called Timescales, which sonifies datasets spanning different time scales of the atmospheric carbon record. Glaciations is a musical sonification of atmospheric carbon dioxide inferred from ice cores, from 800,000 years ago to the present. This scale encompasses the small shifts in earth's orbit which drove the rise and fall of eight successive ice ages and alternating warm periods. The intention behind the compositional choices in this composition is to evoke a sense of vastness and wonder, and to create a sonic landscape of planetary motion and deep time.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Ozone sonde and radio sonde data record Palau Atmospheric Observatory 2016-2021

The Palau Atmospheric Observatory (PAO) balloon-borne ozonesonde and radiosonde database V1.0 provides raw data and calculated properties of Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements in .csv format from the PAO located in Koror, Palau (7.3420° N, 134.4722° E), in the Tropical West Pacific (TWP) from 2016-2021. The ECC sondes manufactured by Science Pump Corp. (SPC), model 6A, where prepared according to standard operating procedures (SOP) (Smit et al. 2014, for more details, see references and related publications). The accompanying radiosonde are Vaisala model RS92-SGP until October 2017 and RS41-SGP afterwards.The data are calculated from raw Vaisala software output using equations and tables according to Smit et al. 2014 (script available upon request) and include e.g. ozone volume mixing ratio and partial pressure for different background current corrections, which are of relevance in the low tropospheric ozone measurement in the TWP. No additional data smoothing has been applied to the Vaisala output, but beware that the change of radiosonde models was accompanied by software changes. We advise caution with using the stratospheric data for e.g. total column ozone assessment, as there were some discrepancies between individual soundings and MLS measurements (details, see related publications). The Palau ECC record is currently being continued and will be available in the SHADOZ database in SHADOZ standard format in the near future, which will be linked here. Please email katrin.mueller@awi.de and let us know what your intended purpose for the use of the data is. You will then receive updates if an improved version becomes available.

Unaccounted N2O source to the atmosphere from agriculture through groundwater denitrification and use for irrigation

Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, is produced in cultivated soils and this production is enhanced by the application of reactive nitrogen in the form of fertilizers. Part of fertilizers applied is not taken up by crops, leading to their accumulation in the groundwater where they can evolve into N2O through nitrification/denitrification. Based on chemical and isotopic measurements of nitrate (NO3-) and N2O in Indian groundwater, we report for the first-time evidence for the widespread occurrence of denitrified NO3- and of high concentrations of N2O (>2000% of saturation). The accumulation of N2O is high in regions where groundwater is intensely abstracted for irrigation, releasing this accumulated N2O into the atmosphere. Using annual mean groundwater abstraction for irrigation in India, which is the highest in the globe, we estimated that 0.06 to 20 GgN2O/y is effluxed to the atmosphere, which adds 0.1 to 20% of the N2O flux emitted by agricultural soils in India.  This so far unidentified source around the globe may thus contribute significantly to the imbalance in the global N2O budget.

The simulated outputs analyzed in the article: "Understanding the influences of ocean waves on Arctic sea ice simulation: a modeling study with an atmosphere-ocean-wave-sea ice coupled model"

In Ice-mass_[experiment] files, they include daily-averaged sea ice concentration and sea ice mass/area budgets. In Flux_[experiment] files, they include daily-averaged net ice surface flux, net shortwave/longwave radiation at the ice surface, latent/sensible heat flux at the ice surface, conductive heat flux at the top ice layer, and ice-ocean heat flux.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Supporting data for Assessing clouds using satellite observations through three generations of global atmosphere models

Monthly data from CAM4, CAM5, and CAM6 that are needed to reproduce the analysis and figures in the manuscript entitled: Assessing clouds using satellite observations through three generations of global atmosphere models by Brian Medeiros, Jonah Shaw, Jennifer Kay, and Isaac Davis.

Data and Supplementary Plots for A Shallow Water Model Exploration of Atmospheric Circulation on Sub-Neptunes

This repository contains geopotential maps, zonal wind plots, gifs, and data for the ensemble of possible sub-Neptunes presented in the main manuscript. The data, individual plots, and plot grids are based on the averages of the last 100 simulated days. The data are in the pickle format (see https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html) The gifs are based on the last 1000 simulated hours. These figures and gifs support the analysis presented in the main manuscript.