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671 results for “Tyrannosaurus”
Figure 1 in Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex
Figure 1. Tyrannosaurus rex skull and FEM. (a) Skull of BHM 3033, left lateral view; and (b) 2D FE-mesh of BHM 3033 depicting skull as 'fused' without mobile sutures. Grey areas indicate surfaces constrained from moving in all translatory directions, arrows indicate direction of bite force applied to all teeth, either vertical or horizontal 'tearing'. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; en, external naris; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, lower temporal fenestra; m, maxilla, n, nasals; or, orbit; p, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal. Scale bar 10 cm.
Figure 2 in Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner
Figure 2 Limb orientation used for model Trex_1. The values of mi, the percentage of body mass as extensor muscle acting about each joint (muscle moment action shown as a red arrow) required to maintain static equilibrium at midstance during fast running are shown in red. Actual hindlimb bones were digitized from Tyrannosaurus specimen MOR 555 (Museum of the Rockies; Boseman, Montana).
Fig. 7 in A 3D interactive method for estimating body segmental parameters in animals: Application to the turning and running performance of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 7. The six cavities embedded in Tyrannosaurus Model 1's head, neck, and trunk segments, shown in right lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views. 'bc' indicates the buccal cavity; and 'pc' indicates the pharyngeal cavity.
Fig. 1 in Gender-Specific Reproductive Tissue in Ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 1. Extant avian MB and homologous dinosaurian bone tissues. (A) Domestic laying hen, midshaft femur cross section showing the extension of spongy MB deep into the mar row cavity and surrounding preexisting trabeculae (T). (B) Laying emu, midshaft cross section, with a thin layer of MB on the endosteal bone surface, separated from overlying CB by ELB. (C) Ostrich MB arising from CB. Convoluted bony projections surround large cavities and form by continued deposition on hairlike spicules of calcified bone (S). (D) MB on endosteal surface of MOR 1125 femur fragment delineated from overlying CB by large vascular sinuses and change in color, texture, and density. (E) Emu and (F) ostrich bone taken at same aspect as (D), showing mor phological distinction between bone types. (G) Higher magnification of dinosaur femur fragment in oblique view shows dense CB lined with newly described bone tissue, also seen in oblique view of emu (H) and ostrich (I) tibia. Ostrich MB is apparently unique in forming longitudinal tubules.
Fig. 4 in Gender-Specific Reproductive Tissue in Ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 4. Scanning elec tron microscope images of demineralized MB [(A) to (D)] and CB [(E) to (K)]. Demineralized, aldehyde-fixed (14) MB tissues from (A) MOR 1125, (B) extant laying hen, (C) emu, and (D) ostrich show random, crumbly texture. Organized collagen fiber bundles are not distinct in any sample because of rapid deposition and woven character. Scale bars for (A) and (B), 40 um; for (C) and (D), 20 um. Demineralized fragments of cortical bone from (E) MOR 1125, (F) chicken, (G) emu, and (H) ostrich are shown. A fibrous character dominates all samples. Scale bars for (E), (F), and (H), 30 mm; for (G), 10 mm. Higher magnification of demineralized CB from (I) MOR 1125, (J) emu, and (K) ostrich CB demonstrates the structural similarity between samples, although the MOR 1125 matrix is highly degraded. Scale bars for (I) and (K), 6 um; for (J), 5 um.
FIGURE 4 in The furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis and Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Tetanurae)
FIGURE 4—Line drawing of the morphologic variation in the five Tyrannosaurus rex furculae. 1, UCRC V1; 2, MOR 980; 3, FMNH PR 2081; 4, CMI 2001.90.1; 5, MOR 1125. Cross-hatching indicates broken bone. Dashed lines indicate missing bone. Abbreviation: p, pit. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
Fig. 2 in Analyses of Soft Tissue from Tyrannosaurus rex Suggest the Presence of Protein
Fig. 2. In situ immunochemistry on 300-nm sections of demineralized MOR 1125 cortical bone (A to D) and medullary bone (E to H). (A) and (E), no primary antibodies added (negative control); (B) and (F), antibodies to avian collagen I; (C) and (G), anti bodies to actin protein (nonrelevant, negative control); (D) and (H), anti bodies to avian collagen I, inhibited by incubating with purified chicken colla gen before exposing to dinosaur tissues. All data were collected using the same parameters at 122-ms inte gration. (I to K) MOR 1125 cortical tissue exposed to (I) no primary, (]) antibodies to avian collagen I, or (K) collagenase digestion followed by antibodies to avian collagen I, as described {11). Data in (I), (J), and (K) were collected at 149-ms integration.
FIGURE 2 in The furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis and Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Tetanurae)
FIGURE 2—Photographs and line drawings of the furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GAD513). 1, hypocleideum in anterior view; 2, epicleideal process in posterior view. Dashed lines indicate missing bone. Abbreviations: ep, epicleideum; hc, hypocleideum; la, ligament attachment scars. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
FIGURE 3 in The furcula in Suchomimus tenerensis and Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Tetanurae)
FIGURE 3—Photograph (1) and matching line drawing (2) of the furcula and pectoral girdle of Tyrannosaurus rex (UCRC V1) in anterior view. Crosshatching indicates broken bone. Dashed lines indicate missing or hidden bone. Abbreviations: ac, acromion; co, coracoid; f, furcula; hu, humerus; sc, scapula. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
FIGURE 40 in Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull
FIGURE 40. FMNH PR2081, Tyrannosaurus rex, lower jaw. A and B, Left ramus in lateral (A) and medial (B) view. C and D, Right ramus in lateral (C) and medial (D) view. Scale = 30 cm. Abbreviations in Appendix 1. Photographs by J. Weinstein.
Fig. 1 in Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs
Fig. 1. Rough outline showing scale of size of Tyrannosaurus rex. By W. D. M. The association of the small forearm is probably incorrect.
Figure 17 Bivariate scatterplots showing the relationship between size with maturity among 15 in A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidence
Figure 17 Bivariate scatterplots showing the relationship between size with maturity among 15 specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex. The comparison is limited to specimens that have comparable size data; growth stages (x-axis) and size (y-axis) have been converted to ranks. See Table 15 for the raw data. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9192/fig-17
Figure 14 Bivariate scatterplot showing the relationship between maxillary tooth count with maturity among 14 in A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidence
Figure 14 Bivariate scatterplot showing the relationship between maxillary tooth count with maturity among 14 specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex. Growth rank increases away from the origin (i.e., maturity increases to the right) and corresponds to growth stages for which maxillary tooth count was available for a given specimen; that is, the rank does not correspond to growth stage. Maxillary tooth rank corresponds to relative tooth count, where low ranks correspond to high tooth counts and low ranks correspond to high tooth counts. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9192/fig-14
Figure 13 in A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidence
Figure 13 Scatterplot showing the congruence in Tyrannosaurus rex between bite force (i.e., and maturity). Growth stage rank, corresponding to the increasing sequence of nodes in Fig. 2, is along the x-axis; growth stage rank refers to the relative maturity of the specimens for which bite force has been estimated. Increasing bite force rank is along the y-axis; raw bite force data are from Bates & Falkingham (2012) and Gignac & Erickson (2017). A Spearman correlation test on these data resulted in a significant correlation coefficient, indicating that bite force increases with maturity. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9192/fig-13
Figure 6 in A high-resolution growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex obtained from multiple lines of evidence
Figure 6 Comparison of the frequency distributions of cranial and postcranial changes in the growth series of Tyrannosaurus rex. The growth stages are along the x-axis (corresponding to the numbered nodes of the ontogram in Fig. 2) and the y-axis corresponds to the number of synontomorphies. Cranial changes are shown in solid bars; postcranial chanages are shown in hollow bars. Cranial and postcranial changes tend to follow the same overall pattern although postcranial changes are exceeded by cranial changes, except at growth stages 7, 15, and 16. The relatively late occurrence of postcranial changes (at growth stage 6) is an artifact of the absence of postcranial material among the least mature specimens in the sample. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9192/fig-6
Fig. 1 in The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus
Fig. 1 Tyrannosaurus known bone profile-skeletals to same scale, bar equals 2 m. A Tyrannosaurus rex holotype (morphotype II) CM 9380 (6.5 tonnes). B Tyrannosaurus rex? RSM 2523.8 (7.8). C Tyrannosaurus regina (morphotype III) exBHI 3033 (7.5). D Tyrannosaurus regina holotype (morphotype III) USNM 555000 (6.1). E Tyrannosaurus imperator holotype (morphotype II) FMNH PR2081 (7.8). F Tyrannosaurus incertae sedis AMNH 5027 (6.8)
RESTORATION OF TYRANNOSAURUS REX. From the type skeleton, Amer. Mus. No. 973. Many of the vertebrae belong to No. 5866. in Tyrannosaurus, upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur. (Second communication.)
RESTORATION OF TYRANNOSAURUS REX. From the type skeleton, Amer. Mus. No. 973. Many of the vertebrae belong to No. 5866.
Fig. I in Tyrannosaurus, upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur. (Second communication.)
Fig. I. Skull of Tryrannosaurus. d, dentary; sur, surangular; sq, squamosal; ir,prefrontal; o, orbit; nba, anterior nares; I, 2, 3, antorbital openings. Dotted outlines arefrom A Iosaucrus.
Fig. 7 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 7. The right premaxilla of RSM P2523.8 in labial (A) and lingual (B) view. Four alveoli (1–4) are present.
Fig. 4 in An Older and Exceptionally Large Adult Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 4. Left maxilla pathology of RSM P2523.8 in lingual (A, B) and ventral (C, D) view. Numbers denote alveoli. Note the ingrowth of interdental bone within the eighth alveolus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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